Calanoida is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

copepod Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the ocean floor), a number of species have p ...

s, a group of arthropods commonly found as

zooplankton Zooplankton are the animal component of the planktonic community ("zoo" comes from the Greek word for ''animal''). Plankton are aquatic organisms that are unable to swim effectively against currents, and consequently drift or are carried along by ...

. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does in ...

s between them.

Description

Calanoids can be distinguished from other planktonic copepods by having first antennae at least half the length of the body and biramous second antennae. However, their most distinctive anatomical trait is the presence of a joint between the fifth and sixth body segments. The largest specimens reach long, but most do not exceed long.

Classification

Calanoida contains the following families, as well as the genus '' Microdisseta'' (which is currently ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

''); *

Acartiidae Acartiidae is a family of calanoid copepods distinguishable by the rostral margin not being extended. They are epipelagic, plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) that are u ...

* Aetideidae * Arctokonstantinidae *

Arietellidae Arietellidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and fre ...

* Augaptilidae *

Bathypontiidae Bathypontiidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and f ...

* Calanidae * Calocalanidae *

Candaciidae ''Candacia'' is a genus of copepods in the order Calanoida. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Candaciidae. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Candacia'': *'' Candacia armata'' *''Candacia bipinnata'' *'' C ...

* Centropagidae *

Clausocalanidae Clausocalanidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and ...

* Diaixidae * Diaptomidae * Discoidae * Epacteriscidae * Eucalanidae * Euchaetidae * Fosshageniidae * Heterorhabdidae * Hyperbionychidae * Lucicutiidae * Mecynoceridae *

Megacalanidae Megacalanidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and fr ...

Mesaiokeratidae ''Mesaiokeras'' is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the monotypic family Mesaiokeratidae. The species of this genus are found in Southern Europe. Species: *''Mesaiokeras heptneri'' *''Mesaiokeras hurei'' *''Mesaiokeras kaufmanni'' *''Mes ...

Metridinidae Metridinidae is a family of copepods, comprising three genera – '' Gaussia'', '' Metridia'' and '' Pleuromamma''. It has also been referred to as "Metridiidae", but following a petition to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclatur ...

Nullosetigeridae Nullosetigeridae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and ...

* Paracalanidae *

Parapontellidae Parapontellidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and ...

Parkiidae ''Parkius'' is a monotypic genus of crustacean Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, ...

* Phaennidae *

Phyllopodidae Nullosetigeridae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and ...

* Pontellidae *

Pseudocyclopidae Pseudocyclopidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and ...

(syn:

Boholinidae Pseudocyclopidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera Genera: * '' Badijella'' Krsinic, 2005 * '' Boholina'' Fosshagen, 1989 * '' Brattstromia'' Fosshagen, 1991 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18196034 Copepods< ...

) *

Pseudocyclopiidae Pseudocyclopiidae is a family of copepod Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat (ecology), habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are ...

* Pseudodiaptomidae *

Ridgewayiidae Pseudocyclopidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera Genera: * ''Badijella'' Krsinic, 2005 * ''Boholina'' Fosshagen, 1989 * ''Brattstromia'' Fosshagen, 1991 References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q18196034 Copepods ...

Ryocalanidae Ryocalanidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and ...

Scolecitrichidae Scolecitrichidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera Genera: * ''Amallothrix'' Sars, 1925 * ''Archescolecithrix'' Vyshkvartzeva, 1989 * ''Bertalda'' References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q6554091 Copepods ...

Spinocalanidae Spinocalanidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and f ...

Stephidae Stephidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and freshw ...

* Subeucalanidae *

Sulcanidae ''Sulcanus'' is a monotypic genus of crustaceans belonging to the monotypic family Sulcanidae. The only species is ''Sulcanus conflictus''. The species is found in Australia and New Zealand. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18092255 Calanoida ...

Temoridae Temoridae is a family of copepods, containing the following genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological class ...

* Tharybidae *

Tortanidae Tortanidae is a family of copepod Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the oce ...

Ecology

Calanoid copepods are the dominant animals in the

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water (or air) that are unable to propel themselves against a current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a cr ...

in many parts of the world's oceans, making up 55%–95% of plankton samples. They are therefore important in many food webs, taking in energy from

phytoplankton Phytoplankton () are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems. The name comes from the Greek words (), meaning 'plant', and (), meaning 'wanderer' or 'drifter'. P ...

and

algae Algae ( , ; : alga ) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms. The name is an informal term for a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from ...

and 'repackaging' it for consumption by higher

trophic level The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web. A food chain is a succession of organisms that eat other organisms and may, in turn, be eaten themselves. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it i ...

predators. Many commercial fish are dependent on calanoid copepods for diet in either their

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. Th ...

l or adult forms.

Baleen whale Baleen whales ( systematic name Mysticeti), also known as whalebone whales, are a parvorder of carnivorous marine mammals of the infraorder Cetacea ( whales, dolphins and porpoises) which use keratinaceous baleen plates (or "whalebone") in th ...

s such as

bowhead whale The bowhead whale (''Balaena mysticetus'') is a species of baleen whale belonging to the family Balaenidae and the only living representative of the genus '' Balaena''. They are the only baleen whale endemic to the Arctic and subarctic waters, ...

sei whale The sei whale ( , ; ''Balaenoptera borealis'') is a baleen whale, the third-largest rorqual after the blue whale and the fin whale. It inhabits most oceans and adjoining seas, and prefers deep offshore waters. It avoids polar and tropical ...

right whale Right whales are three species of large baleen whales of the genus ''Eubalaena'': the North Atlantic right whale (''E. glacialis''), the North Pacific right whale (''E. japonica'') and the Southern right whale (''E. australis''). They are clas ...

s and

fin whale The fin whale (''Balaenoptera physalus''), also known as finback whale or common rorqual and formerly known as herring whale or razorback whale, is a cetacean belonging to the parvorder of baleen whales. It is the second-longest species of c ...

s rely substantially on calanoid copepods as a food source.

References

External links

* *
Calanoida fact sheet – guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern Australia

Classification of Calanoida

Key to calanoid copepod families
{{Taxonbar, from=Q478553 Crustacean orders