''Calamus latifolius'' is a climbing plant, part of a subfamily,

Calamoideae Calamoideae is a subfamily of flowering plant in the palm family found throughout Central America, South America, Africa, India, China, Southeast Asia and Australia. It is represented by 21 genera - containing nearly a quarter of all species ...

, whose members are usually called

rattan Rattan, also spelled ratan, is the name for roughly 600 species of Old World climbing palms belonging to subfamily Calamoideae. The greatest diversity of rattan palm species and genera are in the closed- canopy old-growth tropical forest ...

s in English, they are part of the Arecaceae, or palm, family. It is a moderately robust climber, growing up to 30m, usually with a cluster of stems and a leafsheath 3 cm in diameter. Its leaves are curate, 2-3m long, with a prominently kneed, spiny (3 cm long) leafsheath. Both female and male flowers are simply decompound. The globose fruit is dull brown to blackish, with flattened fruit scales and a single seed. The rattan grows in semi-dense forests of Cambodia and southern Vietnam. In the Chuŏr Phnum Dâmrei of southwestern Cambodia, they are characterized as growing on the edge of evergreen rainforest, usually as understorey, but becoming

liana A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a ...

s when mature. It also occurs as a large liana in the forest around Steung Sangke in the northwest of Cambodia. Growing in the Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Eco-park, Bangladesh, it is regarded as under threat from illicit felling, over-harvesting for raw material and intentional fire hazards during the dry season. In India it occurs in moist lower hill forest communities up to 1000m, mostly near fresh water swamps. It is native to:

Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia ( ms, Semenanjung Malaysia; Jawi: سمننجڠ مليسيا), or the States of Malaya ( ms, Negeri-negeri Tanah Melayu; Jawi: نڬري-نڬري تانه ملايو), also known as West Malaysia or the Malaysian Peninsula, ...

;

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...

;

Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailan ...

; southern

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it ...

; Laos;

Andaman and Nicobar Islands The Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India consisting of 572 islands, of which 37 are inhabited, at the junction of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The territory is about north of Aceh in Indonesia and separated ...

;

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...

;

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million pe ...

;

Manipur Manipur () ( mni, Kangleipak) is a States and territories of India, state in Northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. It is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west. It ...

Nagaland Nagaland () is a landlocked States and union territories of India, state in the northeast India, northeastern region of India. It is bordered by the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Assam to the west, Manipur to the south and the ...

Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (, ) is a state in Northeastern India. It was formed from the erstwhile North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and became a state on 20 February 1987. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It share ...

Assam Assam (; ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur ...

Meghalaya Meghalaya (, or , meaning "abode of clouds"; from Sanskrit , "cloud" + , "abode") is a state in northeastern India. Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out two districts from the state of Assam: (a) the United Khasi Hills and Jai ...

Sikkim Sikkim (; ) is a state in Northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Province No. 1 of Nepal in the west and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is also close to the Siligu ...

, and

West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the four ...

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

; and eastern

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is ma ...

. Various names by which the plant is known by include: ''phdau chhvèang'', ''phdau chu:(r)'',

Khmer Khmer(s) may refer to: Cambodia *''Srok Khmer'' (lit. "Khmer land" or "Land of the Khmer(s)"), a colloquial exonym used to refer to Cambodia by Cambodians; see * *Khmer people, the ethnic group to which the great majority of Cambodians belong ** ...

(''phdau''=rattan).; ''korak'', ''budum'', Bangladesh.; ''lee-ren'', Meitei, Manipur; ''golar'', ''raiding'',

Adi Adi or ADI may refer to: Names and titles * Adi (mythology), an Asura in Hindu faith who appears in the Matsya Purāṇa * Adi (name), a given name in Hebrew and a nickname in other languages * Adi (title), a Fijian title used by females of chi ...

language, Arunuchal Pradesh; ''korak bet'', ''horna bet'', India. The fruit are eaten in Cambodia. In the same country the canes are regarded as flexible and strong, and are much appreciated for basket making. One of the many ingredients of ''

Singju Singju ( mni, ꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ; ''pronounced sing-zoo'') is a dish from Manipur. It originated with the Meitei-culture but has been widely adopted by most of the ethnic communities of the state and in some neighbouring states of Northeast In ...

'' (prepared mainly of green vegetables with other plant parts like inflorescences and flowers, seeds, roots, rhizomes, etc., along with on-vegetarianor without egetarianfermented dry fish, ''Ngari''), the Meitei people of Manipur use the young shoots, which can sell for 10-15 Rupees for a bunch of 3-5 young shoots in the local markets. In Arunuchal Pradesh, the stems and fruit are eaten raw and are sold in markets. In India the rattan is characterized as moderately strong, and is used for making rough baskets, walking sticks, and furniture frames, with the split canes used for weaving chair bottoms.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q15459579 latifolius Flora of Arunachal Pradesh Flora of Assam (region) Flora of Bangladesh Flora of Cambodia Flora of India (region) Flora of Laos Flora of Malaya Flora of Malesia Flora of Manipur Flora of Meghalaya Flora of Myanmar Flora of Nagaland Flora of Nepal Flora of Peninsular Malaysia Flora of Sikkim Flora of Thailand Flora of the Andaman Islands Flora of the Nicobar Islands Flora of Vietnam Flora of West Bengal Plants described in 1832