''Cadra'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of small

moths Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies. They were previously classified as suborder Heterocera, but the group is paraphyletic with respect to butterflies (suborder Rhopalocera) a ...

belonging to the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Pyralidae The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyr ...

. The genus ''

Ephestia ''Ephestia'' is a genus of small moths belonging to the family Pyralidae. Some species are significant pests of dry plant produce, such as seeds and cereals. Best known among these are probably the cacao moth (''E. elutella'') and the Mediterr ...

'' is closely related to ''Cadra'' and might be its

senior synonym In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. ...

. Several of these moths are variously assigned to one or the other genus, in particular in non-

entomological Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology Zoology ( , ) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the ...

sources. ''Cadra'' and ''Ephestia'' belong to the huge snout moth

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Phycitinae, and therein to the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

Phycitini The Phycitini are a tribe of moths of the family Pyralidae. Genera Some significant species are also listed. * ''Abareia'' Whalley, 1970 * ''Acrobasis'' Zeller, 1839 * ''Addyme'' Walker, 1863 * ''Alberada'' Heinrich, 1939 (sometimes listed as a ...

. ''Cadra''

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

can usually be recognized by their reduced forewing venation: veins 4, 7 and 9 are missing, making for a total of nine veins in the forewing. Some members of this genus are significant pests of dry plant produce, such as

seed In botany, a seed is a plant structure containing an embryo and stored nutrients in a protective coat called a ''testa''. More generally, the term "seed" means anything that can be Sowing, sown, which may include seed and husk or tuber. Seeds ...

s and nuts. The almond moth (''C. cautella'') is a well-known example of these.

Species

Species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

of ''Cadra'' include: * '' Cadra abstersella'' (Zeller, 1847) * '' Cadra acuta'' Horak, 1994 * '' Cadra calidella'' ( Guenée, 1845) – dried fruit moth, carob moth * '' Cadra cautella'' – almond moth * '' Cadra corniculata'' Horak, 1994 * '' Cadra delattinella'' Roesler, 1965 * '' Cadra figulilella'' – raisin moth * '' Cadra furcatella'' ( Herrich-Schäffer, 1849) ** ''Cadra furcatella afflatella'' ** ''Cadra furcatella calonella'' * '' Cadra perfasciata'' Horak, 1994 * '' Cadra reniformis'' Horak, 1994 * '' Cadra rugosa'' Horak, 1994

Footnotes

References

* (1986): Pyralidae and Microlepidoptera of the Marquesas Archipelago. ''Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology'' 416: 1–485
PDF full text
(214 MB!) * (2009): Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' &ndash

Version of 14 April 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2010. Phycitini Pyralidae genera {{Phycitini-stub