''Cadra'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of small

moths Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of ...

belonging to the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Pyralidae The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyra ...

. The genus ''

Ephestia ''Ephestia'' is a genus of small moths belonging to the family Pyralidae. Some species are significant pests of dry plant produce, such as seeds and cereals. Best known among these are probably the cacao moth (''E. elutella'') and the Medite ...

'' is closely related to ''Cadra'' and might be its senior synonym. Several of these moths are variously assigned to one or the other genus, in particular in non-

entomological Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arach ...

sources. ''Cadra'' and ''Ephestia'' belong to the huge snout moth subfamily

Phycitinae The Phycitinae are a subfamily of snout moths (family Pyralidae). Even though the Pyralidae subfamilies are all quite diverse, Phycitinae stand out even by standards of their family: with over 600 genera considered valid and more than 4000 spec ...

, and therein to the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

Phycitini The Phycitini are a tribe of moths of the family Pyralidae. Genera Some significant species are also listed. * '' Abareia'' Whalley, 1970 * '' Acrobasis'' Zeller, 1839 * '' Addyme'' Walker, 1863 * ''Alberada'' Heinrich, 1939 (sometimes listed a ...

. ''Cadra''

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

can usually be recognized by their reduced forewing venation: veins 4, 7 and 9 are missing, making for a total of nine veins in the forewing. Some members of this genus are significant

pest Pest or The Pest may refer to: Science and medicine * Pest (organism), an animal or plant deemed to be detrimental to humans or human concerns ** Weed, a plant considered undesirable * Infectious disease, an illness resulting from an infection ** ...

s of dry plant produce, such as

seed A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiosper ...

s and nuts. The almond moth (''C. cautella'') is a well-known example of these.

Species

Species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

of ''Cadra'' include: * '' Cadra abstersella'' (Zeller, 1847) * '' Cadra acuta'' Horak, 1994 * ''

Cadra calidella ''Cadra calidella'', the dried fruit or date moth, is a species of snout moth in the genus '' Cadra'' and commonly mistaken for the species '' Cadra figulilella.'' It thrives in warmer conditions and is found primarily in Mediterranean countries ...

'' ( Guenée, 1845) – dried fruit moth, carob moth * '' Cadra cautella'' – almond moth * '' Cadra corniculata'' Horak, 1994 * '' Cadra delattinella'' Roesler, 1965 * ''

Cadra figulilella ''Cadra figulilella'', the raisin moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. The raisin moth is known most commonly as a pest that feeds on dried fruits, such as the raisin and date. It covers a range that includes much of the world, primarily situ ...

'' – raisin moth * '' Cadra furcatella'' ( Herrich-Schäffer, 1849) ** ''Cadra furcatella afflatella'' ** ''Cadra furcatella calonella'' * ''

Cadra perfasciata ''Cadra perfasciata'' is a species of snout moth in the genus ''Cadra''. It was described by Marianne Horak in 1994. It is found in the southern arid areas of Australia, on both sides of the Nullarbor Plain. The wingspan The wingspan (or j ...

'' Horak, 1994 * '' Cadra reniformis'' Horak, 1994 * '' Cadra rugosa'' Horak, 1994

Footnotes

References

* (1986): Pyralidae and Microlepidoptera of the Marquesas Archipelago. ''Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology'' 416: 1-485
PDF full text
(214 MB!) * (2009): Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' &ndash

Version of 14 April 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2010. Phycitini Pyralidae genera {{Phycitini-stub