Caddidae is a family of

harvestmen The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an Order (biology), order of arachnids Common name, colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, alth ...

arachnids with 15 known species, the only family of the

Eupnoi The Eupnoi are a suborder of harvestmen, with more than 200 genera, and about 1,700 described species. They consist of two superfamilies, the Phalangioidea with many long-legged species common to northern temperate regions, and the small group C ...

superfamily Caddoidea. They have mostly a body length between one and three millimeters. (2007): Caddidae Banks, 1893. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al..'' 2007: 115ff

Distribution

Caddids are widely but discontinuously distributed. In the subfamily Caddinae, ''Caddella'' is endemic to southern South Africa, while ''Caddo'' is found in eastern North America and Japan with the

Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands or Kurile Islands (; rus, Кури́льские острова́, r=Kuril'skiye ostrova, p=kʊˈrʲilʲskʲɪjə ɐstrɐˈva; Japanese: or ) are a volcanic archipelago currently administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast in the ...

. In the other subfamily, Acropsopilioninae, ''Hesperopilio'' occurs in western Australia and Chile, ''Acropsopilio'' is found in Japan, eastern North America, Central to

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the souther ...

, eastern Australia and New Zealand. ''Austropsopilio'' is found in eastern Australia, Tasmania and Chile. This complex pattern suggests that separation occurred in several steps: during the

Neogene The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...

(eastern North America and Japan); at the beginning or before the

Tertiary Tertiary ( ) is a widely used but obsolete term for the geologic period from 66 million to 2.6 million years ago. The period began with the demise of the non- avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start ...

(South America and Australia), and during the time of

Gondwana Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) and began to break up during the Jurassic period (about 180 million years ago). The final st ...

(Africa and Australia).

Name

The family name is derived from " Caddo", a North American indigenous culture, people and language.

Species

* Caddinae Banks, 1892 ** '' Caddella'' Hirst, 1925 (

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring count ...

) :** '' Caddella africana'' (Lawrence, 1931) :** '' Caddella capensis'' Hirst, 1925 :** '' Caddella croeseri'' Starega, 1988 :** '' Caddella spatulipilis'' Lawrence, 1934 **** ''Caddella spatulipilis'' Lawrence, 1934 **** ''Caddella caledonica'' Lawrence, 1934 ** '' Caddo'' Banks, 1892 (eastern North America, Japan) :** '' Caddo agilis'' Banks, 1892 (

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

) :** '' Caddo pepperella'' Shear, 1974 :** † '' Caddo dentipalpis'' (Koch & Berendt) (fossil) :** ''

Caddo glaucopis The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They speak the Caddo language. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who ...

'' Crosby, 1904 (New York) * Acropsopilioninae Roewer, 1923 ** '' Hesperopilio'' Shear, 1996 (

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to ...

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...

) :** '' Hesperopilio mainae'' Shear, 1996 ** '' Acropsopilio'' Silvestri, 1904 (Japan, eastern North America, Central to South America, eastern Australia, Chile) :** '' Acropsopilio chilensis'' Silvestri, 1904 (Chile,

Tierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuego (, ; Spanish for "Land of the Fire", rarely also Fireland in English) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of the main island, Isla ...

) :** '' Acropsopilio boopsis'' (Crosby, 1904) (New York) :** '' Acropsopilio chomulae'' (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1948) (

Mexico Mexico ( Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guate ...

) :** '' Acropsopilio neozealandiae'' ( Forster, 1948) (

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 List of islands of New Zealand, smaller islands. It is the ...

) :** '' Acropsopilio australicus'' Cantrell, 1980 (

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

) :** '' Acropsopilio normae'' Cekalovic, 1974 :** '' Acropsopilio venezuelensis'' González-Sponga, 1992 (

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in ...

) ** '' Austropsopilio'' Forster, 1955 (eastern Australia,

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

, Chile) :** '' Austropsopilio altus'' Cantrell, 1980 (

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

) :** '' Austropsopilio inermis'' Cantrell, 1980 (

) :** '' Austropsopilio cygneus'' Hickman, 1957 :** '' Austropsopilio novahollandiae'' Forster, 1955 ** '' Tasmanopilio'' Hickman, 1957 (Tasmania) :** '' Tasmanopilio fuscus'' Hickman, 1957 :** '' Tasmanopilio megalops'' Hickman, 1957

Footnotes

References

* 's Biology Catalog
Caddidae
* (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. ''Harvard University Press'' {{Taxonbar, from=Q2932632 Harvestman families Taxa named by Nathan Banks