Enrique Hertzog José Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal (10 November 1897 – 31 July 1981) was a Bolivian physician and politician who served as the 42nd president of Bolivia from 1947 to 1949. Biography Hertzog was born on 10 November 1897. A medical doctor by ...

assumed office as the 42nd

president of Bolivia The president of Bolivia (), officially known as the president of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (), is head of state and head of government of Bolivia and the captain general of the Armed Forces of Bolivia. According to the Bolivian C ...

on 10 March 1947, and his term ended upon his resignation on 22 October 1949. A physician who served in various ministerial positions since the 1920s, Hertzog was elected as the head of the

Republican Socialist Unity Party The Republican Socialist Unity Party (Spanish: ''Partido de la Unión Republicana Socialista'', PURS) was a political party founded on 10 November 1946 in Bolivia as the fusion of the Republican Socialist Party, the Genuine Republican Party, the U ...

(PURS) ticket in the 1947 general elections. Hertzog formed seven cabinets during his 31-month presidency, constituting the 114th to 120th national cabinets of Bolivia. A further two cabinets, constituting the 121st and 122nd national cabinets, were formed during his term by Vice President

Mamerto Urriolagoitía Mamerto Urriolagoitía Harriague (; 5 December 1895 – 4 June 1974) was a Bolivian lawyer A lawyer is a person who is qualified to offer advice about the law, draft legal documents, or represent individuals in legal matters. The exact n ...

who was serving as acting president at the time.

Cabinet ministers

Composition

First cabinet

Upon his inauguration on 10 March 1947, Hertzog appointed his first ministerial cabinet. The cabinet was a return to the more conservative elements of the country which had been sidelined during the left-wing government of

Gualberto Villarroel Gualberto Villarroel López (15 December 1908 – 21 July 1946) was a Bolivians, Bolivian military officer who served as the 39th president of Bolivia from 1943 to 1946. A reformist, sometimes compared with Argentina's Juan Perón, he is non ...

. It predominantly consisted of members of the newly formed

(PURS) created from the merger of the Genuine Republican, Socialist Republican, and United Socialist parties. The only holdover from the previous administration was José Saavedra Suárez as Minister of Agriculture.

Néstor Guillén Néstor Guillén Olmos (28 January 1890 – 12 March 1966) was a Bolivian judge, lawyer, and politician who served as the 40th president of Bolivia from July to August 1946. Background and earlier career Born in La Paz, Guillén studied law ...

, who had served as interim president and Minister of Defense following the death of Villarroel, returned to his defense position.

was appointed Foreign Minister in conjunction with his position as vice president.

Second cabinet

Unlike the Republicans, the

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...

did not become a founding member of the PURS. Nonetheless, Hertzog attempted to form a

national unity cabinet The National Unity Cabinet () was the Indonesian cabinet which served under President Abdurrahman Wahid and Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri from 29 October 1999 until 23 July 2001. The Cabinet was formed after Wahid and Megawati were elect ...

and invited the PL to join in

alliance An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or sovereign state, states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an a ...

with the new government, a fact which upset PURS leadership as well as Vice President Urriolagoitía. When Hertzog formed his second cabinet on 14 May 1947,

Luis Fernando Guachalla Luis is a given name. It is the Spanish form of the originally Germanic name or . Other Iberian Romance languages have comparable forms: (with an accent mark on the i) in Portuguese and Galician, in Aragonese and Catalan, while is archaic ...

, who had been the Liberal presidential candidate in 1947 losing to Hertzog by a difference of just 443 votes, was chosen to succeed Urriolagoitía as Foreign Minister. Despite being ideologically

Communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...

, the

Revolutionary Left Party The Revolutionary Left Party (, PIR) was a communist party in Bolivia. It was founded by Dr. José Antonio Arze and other Bolivian intellectuals on 26 July 1940 during a left-wing congress held in Oruro. The PIR was sympathetic to the Commun ...

also joined the conservative coalition with two of its members, Gustavo Henrich and Alfredo Mendizábal, being appointed Ministers of Public Works and Communications and Work and Social Security respectively.

Third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cabinets

Hertzog's third cabinet was formed on 11 September 1947. Guachalla was replaced as Foreign Minister by Tomás Manuel Elío who would serve his fifth and final nonconsecutive term. Luis Fernando's brother, Carlos Guachalla, was appointed Ministry of Finance. Hertzog's fourth cabinet, formed on 1 March 1948, saw Adolfo Costa du Rels appointed Foreign Minister. Costa du Rels had previously been the last President of the

League of Nations The League of Nations (LN or LoN; , SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace ...

, which by 1947 was defunct in favor of the United Nations. Hertzog's fifth cabinet was formed on 9 August 1948. At just two days from 9 to 11 August, the term of office of Julio Céspedes Añez as Minister of Work and Social Security is the second shortest term for any Bolivian government minister after

Juan José Torres Juan José Torres González (5 March 1920 – 2 June 1976) was a Bolivian socialism, socialist politician and military leader who served as the 50th president of Bolivia from 1970 to 1971, when he was ousted in a coup that resulted in the ...

who served for just one day from 5 to 6 November 1964 during the government of René Barrientos. Formed on 28 January 1949, Hertzog's sixth cabinet introduced

Waldo Belmonte Pool Waldo may refer to: People and fictional characters * Waldo (given name), a list of people and fictional characters with the name * Waldo (surname), a list of people * Waldo (footballer), Brazilian footballer Waldo Machado da Silva (1934–2 ...

, a previous President of the Chamber of Senators and acting president during the administration of

Enrique Peñaranda Enrique Peñaranda del Castillo (15 November 1892 – 22 December 1969) was a Bolivian general who served as the 38th president of Bolivia from 1940 until his overthrow in 1943. He previously served as commander-in-chief of the country's Armed ...

, as Minister of National Defense.

Seventh cabinet and Urriolagoitía acting cabinets

Hertzog's seventh and final cabinet was formed on 4 March 1949. This one would only last for two months. On 1 May 1949,

legislative elections A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. General elections ...

were held in which the left-wing parties dramatically rose in support. Following subsequent election-related violence, PURS leadership lost confidence in Hertzog and forced him to hand power under the pretence of a nonexistent illness to Vice President Mamerto Urriolagoitía on 7 May. In his capacity as acting president, Urriolagoitía formed two cabinets on 20 May and 2 August 1949. However, Hertzog would not officially resign until 22 October meaning both cabinets were formed during his term. Nevertheless, the fact that the ministers were appointed by Urriolagoitía mean that they are generally regarded as Urriolagoitía's first and second cabinets rather than Hertzog's eight and ninth.

Gallery

File:Mamerto Urriolagoitía.jpg,

–

Vice President A vice president or vice-president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vi ...

, Acting President, and

Minister of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and foreign relations, relations, diplomacy, bilateralism, ...

( PURS) File:Luis Fernando Guachalla Solares - 2.jpg,

–

( PL) File:Tomás Manuel Elío - 2.jpg, Tomás Manuel Elío –

( PL) File:Adolfo Costa du Rels.jpg, Adolfo Costa du Rels –

File:Javier Paz Campero.jpg, Javier Paz Campero –

( PURS) File:Juan Manuel Balcázar.jpg,

Juan Manuel Balcázar ''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. The name is of Hebrew origin and has the meaning "God has been gracious." It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking countries around the world and in the Philippi ...

–

( PURS) File:Waldo Belmonte Pool - 2.jpg,

–

and

Minister of National Defense A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is the part of a government responsible for matters of defence and military forces, found in states where the government is divided ...

( PURS) File:Alberto Saavedra Nogales.jpg,

Alberto Saavedra Nogales Alberto is the Romance version of the Latinized form (''Albertus'') of Germanic '' Albert''. It is used in Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. The diminutive forms are ''Albertito'' in Spain or ''Albertico'' in some parts of Latin America, Albert ...

–

( PURS) File:40 - Néstor Guillén.jpg,

–

File:Pedro Zilveti Arce.jpg,

Pedro Zilveti Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning ...

–

( PURS) File:Manuel Diez Canseco.jpg, Manuel Diez Canseco –

( PURS) File:Héctor Ormachea Zalles.jpg, Héctor Ormachea Zalles –

Minister of Finance A ministry of finance is a ministry or other government agency in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. It is headed by a finance minister, an executive or cabinet position . A ministry of finance's portfolio ...

File:Germán Costas.jpg, Germán Costas –

Minister of Economy A ministry of finance is a ministry or other government agency in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. It is headed by a finance minister, an executive or cabinet position . A ministry of finance's portfolio ...

( PURS) File:Arturo Gutiérrez Tezanos-Pinto.jpg, Arturo Gutiérrez Tezanos-Pinto –

( PL) File:Carlos Morales Ugarte.webp, Carlos Morales Ugarte –
Minister of Work and Health File:Melchor Pinto.jpg, Melchor Pinto –

Minister of Health A health minister is the member of a country's government typically responsible for protecting and promoting public health and providing welfare spending and other social security services. Some governments have separate ministers for mental heal ...

File:Armando Alba Zambrana.jpg,

Armando Alba Zambrana Armando Alba Zambrana (9 February 1901 – 10 October 1974) was a Bolivian writer, journalist, historian and politician from Potosí. He won the Premio Nacional de Cultura in 1969. He was an important member of '' Gesta Bárbara'' and founded the ...

–

Minister of Education An education minister (sometimes minister of education) is a position in the governments of some countries responsible for dealing with educational matters. Where known, the government department, ministry, or agency that develops policy and deli ...

File:Osvaldo Gutiérrez.jpg, Osvaldo Gutiérrez –

Minister of Agriculture An agriculture ministry (also called an agriculture department, agriculture board, agriculture council, or agriculture agency, or ministry of rural development) is a ministry charged with agriculture. The ministry is often headed by a minister f ...

( PL) File:Gilfredo Cortés Candia.jpg, Gilfredo Cortés Candia –

( PURS)

Notes

References

Bibliography

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Hertzog, Enrique, Cabinet of Cabinets of Bolivia Cabinets established in 1947 Cabinets disestablished in 1949 1947 establishments in Bolivia