CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respon ...
that is encoded by the ''CXXC5''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
in humans.
As indicated by its name, the CXXC5 plays a role as a transcription factor in the
nucleus
Nucleus ( : nuclei) is a Latin word for the seed inside a fruit. It most often refers to:
*Atomic nucleus, the very dense central region of an atom
* Cell nucleus, a central organelle of a eukaryotic cell, containing most of the cell's DNA
Nucl ...
of cells, and involved in
myelopoiesis
In hematology, myelopoiesis in the broadest sense of the term is the production of bone marrow and of all cells that arise from it, namely, all blood cells. In a narrower sense, myelopoiesis also refers specifically to the regulated formation of ...
, endothelial differentiation, vessel formation, and oligodendrocyte differentiation.
The CXXC5 is also characterized as a negative feedback regulator of the
Wnt/
β-catenin
Catenin beta-1, also known as beta-catenin (β-catenin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CTNNB1'' gene.
Beta-catenin is a dual function protein, involved in regulation and coordination of cell–cell adhesion and gene transcriptio ...
signaling pathway functioning by direct interaction with the
Dishevelled
Dishevelled (Dsh) is a family of proteins involved in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways. Dsh (Dvl in mammals) is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that acts directly downstream of frizzled receptors. It takes its name from its initi ...
(Dvl) protein in the
cytosol
The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells ( intracellular fluid (ICF)). It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondri ...
.
The cytosolic overexpression of CXXC5 was induced by several pathophysiological conditions, such as
osteoporosis,
alopecia
Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body. Typically at least the head is involved. The severity of hair loss can vary from a small area to the entire body. Inflammation or scarr ...
, senescence of growth plate, cutaneous wound, and restoration of the suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling by blockade of its Dvl binding function improved the pathological features as observed in ''Cxxc5
-/-'' mice.
These results indicate that the Dvl binding with cytosolic CXXC5 could be a target for the development of agents for treating alopecia, acute wound, and short stature in childhood and adolescence, which exhibit suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling by cytosolic CXXC5 overexpression of the responsible tissue cells.
The CXXC5-Dvl
protein-protein interaction (PPI) as a target for development of agents in hair loss or acute wound was also confirmed by construction and testing the function of
PTD-DBM, a peptide inhibiting the CXXC5-Dvl PPIl.
The improvement of abnormalities by the CXXC5-Dvl PPI inhibitor is attributed to restoration of damaged tissues by activating the stem cells through restorative activation of the suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its target genes involving regeneration.
References
Further reading
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External links
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GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000171604-
Ensembl
Ensembl genome database project is a scientific project at the European Bioinformatics Institute, which provides a centralized resource for geneticists, molecular biologists and other researchers studying the genomes of our own species and other ...
, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensemble release 89: ENSMUSG00000046668-
Ensembl
Ensembl genome database project is a scientific project at the European Bioinformatics Institute, which provides a centralized resource for geneticists, molecular biologists and other researchers studying the genomes of our own species and other ...
, May 2017
Human PubMed Reference ''National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.''
Human PubMed Reference ''National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.''
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