C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5 or ENA78) is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CXCL5''
gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene, CXCL5 is a small
cytokine belonging to the
CXC chemokine family that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating
peptide 78 (ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokines
interleukin-1 or
tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Expression of CXCL5 has also been observed in
eosinophils, and can be inhibited with the type II
interferon
Interferons (IFNs, ) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten the ...
IFN-γ.
This chemokine stimulates the chemotaxis of
neutrophils possessing
angiogenic properties. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surface
chemokine receptor CXCR2
Interleukin 8 receptor, beta is a chemokine receptor. ''IL8RB'' is also known as ''CXCR2'', and CXCR2 is now the IUPHAR Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug classification-recommended name.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is ...
.
The
gene for CXCL5 has four
exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will form a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. The term ''exon'' refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and to the corresponding sequen ...
s and is located on human
chromosome 4 amongst several other CXC chemokine genes.
CXCL5 has been implicated in
connective tissue
Connective tissue is one of the four primary types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops from the mesenchyme derived from the mesoderm the middle embryonic germ layer. Connective tiss ...
remodelling.
CXCL5 has been also described to regulate neutrophil homeostasis.
Clinical significance
CXCL5 plays a role in reducing sensitivity to
sunburn pain in some subjects, and is a "potential target which can be utilized to understand more about pain in other
inflammatory condition
Inflammation (from la, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecu ...
s like
arthritis
Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In som ...
and
cystitis.".
[
*] CXCL5 is well known to have
chemotactic and activating functions on neutrophil, mainly during acute inflammatory responses. However CXCL5 expression is also higher in
atherosclerosis (a chronic inflammatory condition) but is not associated with neutrophil infiltration. Instead CXCL5 has a protective role in atherosclerosis by directly controlling macrophage
foam cell formation.
References
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{{Chemokine receptor modulators
Cytokines