Valencene synthase (EC 4.2.3.73) is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecule ...
with
systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature.
A semisystematic name or semitrivial ...
(2''E'',6''E'')-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (valencene-forming). It is a
terpene cyclase enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecule ...
responsible for the biosynthesis of
valencene
Valencene is a sesquiterpene that is an aroma component of citrus fruit and citrus-derived odorants. It is obtained inexpensively from Valencia oranges. Valencene is biosynthesized from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) by the CVS enzyme.
It is a ...
, a
sesquiterpene
Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and often have the molecular formula C15H24. Like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes may be cyclic or contain rings, including many unique combinations. Biochemical modifica ...
, using
farnesyl pyrophosphate
Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), also known as farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids such as sterols and carotenoids. It is also used in the synthesis of CoQ (part of the electron transport ch ...
as its substrate. The first such enzyme was isolated using
orange
Orange most often refers to:
*Orange (fruit), the fruit of the tree species '' Citrus'' × ''sinensis''
** Orange blossom, its fragrant flower
* Orange (colour), from the color of an orange, occurs between red and yellow in the visible spectrum ...
cDNA
In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA synthesized from a single-stranded RNA (e.g., messenger RNA (mRNA) or microRNA (miRNA)) template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. cDNA is often used to express a speci ...
.
This enzyme
catalyses the following
chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and break ...
: (2''E'',6''E'')-farnesyl diphosphate
(+)-
valencene
Valencene is a sesquiterpene that is an aroma component of citrus fruit and citrus-derived odorants. It is obtained inexpensively from Valencia oranges. Valencene is biosynthesized from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) by the CVS enzyme.
It is a ...
+
diphosphate
In chemistry, pyrophosphates are phosphorus oxyanions that contain two phosphorus atoms in a P–O–P linkage. A number of pyrophosphate salts exist, such as disodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7) and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7), among o ...
The recombinant enzyme from ''
Vitis vinifera
''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern ...
'' forms (+)-valencene and (-)-7-''epi''-α-selinene.
References
External links
*
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EC 4.2.3