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The CRH380A Hexie () is a Chinese electric high-speed train that was developed by CSR Corporation Limited (CSR) and is currently manufactured by
Development began in early 2008 during the research of the CRH2-300 (later known as CRH2C). CSR Corporation carried out over 1,000 technical tests across 17 specific areas, including dynamic performance, pantograph-catenary current collection, aerodynamics, and traction performance. These studies enabled CSR to develop technology allowed for increased maximum speed, and the findings were fed into designs for the new-generation high-speed train.
The original project was named "CRH2-350". On February 26, 2008, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Ministry of Railway (MOR) signed the Agreement on Joint and Independent Innovations of China High-speed Trains. CRH2-350 is one of the most important projects of this plan, the purpose of which is the development of Chinese-designed new-generation high speed trains with continuous operating speeds of , and maximum operating speeds of . The next generation of rolling stock is expected to be used on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. The project officially launched in 2009, and was included in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan"'s technology support program for developing technology and equipment for China' s high speed trains.
Designs were driven by analysis of data and operational experience from the Beijing–Tianjin high-speed rail. The Ministry of Railway completed an initial series of system and subsystem designs, then provided CSR Sifang with primary data and design. CSR presented more than 20 design variations. After further optimization, simulation and testing, the final design was published in an official conference held by Sifang on April 12, 2010 with significant changes to traction system, internal amenities and exterior carbody design. A train model was exhibited in May at the China Railway Pavilion in the Shanghai World Expo Park.
In September 2009, Ministry of Railways awarded a contract for one hundred 16-car and forty 8-car new-generation high-speed trains from CSR Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock in a contract worth ¥45 billion (US$6.64 billion).
According to CSR, the overall design of CRH380A reflects ten major goals.
* Low-resistance, streamlined head. The nose of the train has a resistance coefficient of less than 0.13, aerodynamic resistance was reduced by 6.1%, aerodynamic noise by 7%, aerodynamic lift by 51.7% and the lateral force acting on the head by 6.1%.
* Vibration mode system matching. The CRH380A uses a lightweight aluminum alloy body whose total weight is no more than , less than 17% of the entire vehicle; CSR has comprehensively improved the body structure, adopting a large number of new vibration damping materials. It also designed the bogie to match the performance of the body and optimized the train body's natural frequencies, which helps reduce structural vibrations at high speeds and improves ride comfort.
* Improved airtightness: The pressure changes inside the train are controlled to /s, with the maximum pressure change inside the train remaining below compared with the standard value of . This improves passenger comfort when the train is entering and exiting tunnels at high speed.
* Safe and reliable high-speed bogies. The train is equipped with SWMB-400/SWTB-400 bolster-less bogies. These are a redesign of the SWMB-350/SWTB-350 bogies used by CRH2C; their critical instability speed is . The new train's derail coefficient is 0.34 at a speed of while the maximum derail coefficient of the
CRRC Qingdao Sifang
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. () is a Chinese rolling stock manufacturer based in Qingdao, Shandong province. Founded in 1900 during the Kiautschou Bay concession, German occupation, Qingdao Sifang is one of the oldest rolling stock manufacturers ...
. As a continuation of the CRH2-380 program it both replaces foreign ( Japanese) technology in the CRH2
The CRH2 Hexie (train), Hexie () is one of the high-speed train models in China. The CRH2 is based on the E2 Series Shinkansen, E2-1000 Series Shinkansen design from Japan with the license purchased from a consortium formed of Kawasaki Heavy Ind ...
with Chinese developments and increases its top speed. The CRH380A is designed to operate at a cruise speed of and a maximum speed of in commercial service. The original 8-car train-set recorded a top speed of during a trial run. The longer 16-car train-set reached .
CRH380A is one of four Chinese train series which have been designed for the new standard operating speed of on newly constructed Chinese high-speed main lines. Officially, it is the only series of the four not based on a foreign design, and although it was not produced under a technology transfer
Technology transfer (TT), also called transfer of technology (TOT), is the process of transferring (disseminating) technology from the person or organization that owns or holds it to another person or organization, in an attempt to transform invent ...
agreement, there have been accusations that it is based on unlicensed Shinkansen
The , colloquially known in English as the bullet train, is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan. It was initially built to connect distant Japanese regions with Tokyo, the capital, to aid economic growth and development. Beyond lon ...
technology.
The other three series are CRH380B, which uses technology from Siemens
Siemens AG ( ) is a German multinational technology conglomerate. It is focused on industrial automation, building automation, rail transport and health technology. Siemens is the largest engineering company in Europe, and holds the positi ...
, CRH380C, with technology from Hitachi
() is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded in 1910 and headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo. The company is active in various industries, including digital systems, power and renewable ener ...
, and CRH380D, with technology from Bombardier Transportation
Bombardier Transportation was a Canadian rolling stock and rail transport manufacturer, with headquarters in Toronto and Berlin. It was one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry. ...
.
Development
Development began in early 2008 during the research of the CRH2-300 (later known as CRH2C). CSR Corporation carried out over 1,000 technical tests across 17 specific areas, including dynamic performance, pantograph-catenary current collection, aerodynamics, and traction performance. These studies enabled CSR to develop technology allowed for increased maximum speed, and the findings were fed into designs for the new-generation high-speed train.
The original project was named "CRH2-350". On February 26, 2008, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Ministry of Railway (MOR) signed the Agreement on Joint and Independent Innovations of China High-speed Trains. CRH2-350 is one of the most important projects of this plan, the purpose of which is the development of Chinese-designed new-generation high speed trains with continuous operating speeds of , and maximum operating speeds of . The next generation of rolling stock is expected to be used on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. The project officially launched in 2009, and was included in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan"'s technology support program for developing technology and equipment for China' s high speed trains.
Designs were driven by analysis of data and operational experience from the Beijing–Tianjin high-speed rail. The Ministry of Railway completed an initial series of system and subsystem designs, then provided CSR Sifang with primary data and design. CSR presented more than 20 design variations. After further optimization, simulation and testing, the final design was published in an official conference held by Sifang on April 12, 2010 with significant changes to traction system, internal amenities and exterior carbody design. A train model was exhibited in May at the China Railway Pavilion in the Shanghai World Expo Park.
In September 2009, Ministry of Railways awarded a contract for one hundred 16-car and forty 8-car new-generation high-speed trains from CSR Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock in a contract worth ¥45 billion (US$6.64 billion).
Technical features
According to CSR, the overall design of CRH380A reflects ten major goals.
* Low-resistance, streamlined head. The nose of the train has a resistance coefficient of less than 0.13, aerodynamic resistance was reduced by 6.1%, aerodynamic noise by 7%, aerodynamic lift by 51.7% and the lateral force acting on the head by 6.1%.
* Vibration mode system matching. The CRH380A uses a lightweight aluminum alloy body whose total weight is no more than , less than 17% of the entire vehicle; CSR has comprehensively improved the body structure, adopting a large number of new vibration damping materials. It also designed the bogie to match the performance of the body and optimized the train body's natural frequencies, which helps reduce structural vibrations at high speeds and improves ride comfort.
* Improved airtightness: The pressure changes inside the train are controlled to /s, with the maximum pressure change inside the train remaining below compared with the standard value of . This improves passenger comfort when the train is entering and exiting tunnels at high speed.
* Safe and reliable high-speed bogies. The train is equipped with SWMB-400/SWTB-400 bolster-less bogies. These are a redesign of the SWMB-350/SWTB-350 bogies used by CRH2C; their critical instability speed is . The new train's derail coefficient is 0.34 at a speed of while the maximum derail coefficient of the CRH2
The CRH2 Hexie (train), Hexie () is one of the high-speed train models in China. The CRH2 is based on the E2 Series Shinkansen, E2-1000 Series Shinkansen design from Japan with the license purchased from a consortium formed of Kawasaki Heavy Ind ...
A is 0.73.
* Advanced noise control technology. By reducing sources of noise and adopting new sound absorbing and insulating materials, CSR has been able to control noise inside the train. The noise level is at 67 dB - 69 dB when running at , which is similar to the CRH2
The CRH2 Hexie (train), Hexie () is one of the high-speed train models in China. The CRH2 is based on the E2 Series Shinkansen, E2-1000 Series Shinkansen design from Japan with the license purchased from a consortium formed of Kawasaki Heavy Ind ...
A running at .
* High-performance traction system, with YQ-365 motors manufactured by CSR Zhuzhou Electric Co., Ltd and CI11 Traction converters by Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric. The CRH380A has a new power unit configuration to maximize traction power. This allows the train to accelerate to in 7 minutes.
* Regenerative braking with a maximum energy feedback rate of 95%. With each stop nearly 800 kWh of electric power can be fed back to the electric grid.
Variants
CRH380A/AL
The first prototype eight-car train CRH380A was rolled off the production line in April 2010, and tested at the China Academy of Railway Sciences experimental loop line (Beijing loop line) starting from April 26, 2010. Trial runs on the Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway started on June 7, 2010. The initial standard CRH380A trainsets was delivered in August 2010, The first test on conventional rail, based on a daily-service mode, was conducted on September 28, 2010. The test was held on the Shanghai–Hangzhou Passenger Railway. The trainset with series number CRH380A-6001 reached the maximum speed of . CRH380A entered service on September 30, 2010 in limited capacity to handle National Day traffic demand on the Shanghai–Nanjing high-speed railway line. On October 26, 2010, CRH380A entered regular service at the Shanghai–Hangzhou passenger railway andShanghai–Nanjing intercity railway
The Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway or Huning intercity railway () is a -long high-speed rail line between Shanghai and Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province. and are shorthand Chinese names for Shanghai and Nanjing, respectively. T ...
. The maximum operational speed reaches , and this is always restricted by the software of the computerized control system. The travel time between Shanghai and Hangzhou reduced from 1 hour 18 minutes to 45 minutes. and travel time between Nanjing and Hangzhou reduced from 3 hours 19 minutes to 2 hours 48 minutes.
CRH380A started daily service at the Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway as of December 3, 2010.
The CRH380AL is the 16 car version of the CRH380A. The first set of CRH380AL, series number CRH380A-6041L, rolled off line by October 2010. On November 8, 2010, the 16-car train was sent to Beijing loop line for test. On November 20, 2010, the train was sent to Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway for trial run. On November 26, 2010, the first test run at the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway was launched at Zaozhuang - Bengbu section. The trainset with series number CRH380A-6041L reached the maximum speed of on December 3, 2010. During the test, It traveled in 34 minutes, at average speed of .
MTR CRH380A
On April 18, 2012, theMTR
The Mass Transit Railway system, known locally by the initialism MTR, is a rapid transit system in Hong Kong and the territory's principal mode of Rail transport in Hong Kong, railway transportation. Operated by the MTR Corporation (MTRCL), ...
ordered nine CRH380A train sets for Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link, designated as Vibrant Express.
Train series number
* CRH380A: CRH380A–2501 - CRH380A–2540, CRH380A–2641 - CRH380A–2912, CRH380A–2921 - CRH380A–2925 * CRH380AL: CRH380AL–2541 - CRH380AL–2640, CRH380AL–2913 - CRH380AL–2920, CRH380AL–2926 - CRH380AL–2930Formation
Power Designation * M – Motor car * T – Trailer car * C – Driver cabin * P – Pantograph Coach Type * SW – Business Class Coach * ZY – First Class Coach * ZE – Second Class Coach * ZEC – Second Class Coach/Buffet Car * ZYT – First Class/Premier Coach * ZET – Second Class/Premier Coach * ZYS – First Class/Business Coach * ZES – Second Class/Business CoachCRH380A
* Train series No. 2501-2540 * Train series No. 2796 (special train for Boao Forum for Asia) * Remaining train seriesCRH380AL
* Train series No. 2541～2570 * Remaining train seriesDistribution
As of November 2017, there are 447 CRH380A series EMU in service, in which six are high-speed comprehensive inspection trains (with one being a higher-speed experimental train).Gallery
Criticism
Kawasaki Heavy Industries
is a Japanese Public company, public multinational corporation manufacturer of motorcycles, engines, Heavy equipment (construction), heavy equipment, aerospace and Military, defense equipment, rolling stock and ships, headquartered in Minato, To ...
claims the trains design was Shinkansen
The , colloquially known in English as the bullet train, is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan. It was initially built to connect distant Japanese regions with Tokyo, the capital, to aid economic growth and development. Beyond lon ...
derived without citation to the previous technology.
See also
* China Railway CRH2 * China Railway CR400AF * China Railway comprehensive inspection trains * Vibrant Express * Fastest trains in China * Fastech 360 * List of high-speed trainsReferences
External links
* {{DEFAULTSORT:China Railway CRH380A CRRC multiple units High-speed trains of China CRH380A Passenger trains running at least at 350 km/h in commercial operations Passenger trains running at least at 300 km/h in commercial operations 25 kV AC multiple units Train-related introductions in 2010 CRRC Qingdao Sifang