CORA (standing for Coriolis Ocean database ReAnalysis) is a global oceanographic temperature and salinity dataset produced and maintained by the French institute

IFREMER The or Ifremer is an oceanographic institution in Brest, France. A state-run and funded scientific organization, it is France’s national integrated marine science research institute. Scope of works Ifremer focuses its research activities in ...

. Most of those data are real-time data coming from different types of platforms such as

research vessels A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles. Some of these roles can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated ...

profilers Offender profiling, also known as criminal profiling, is an investigative strategy used by law enforcement agencies to identify likely suspects and has been used by investigators to link cases that may have been committed by the same perpetrato ...

, underwater gliders, drifting buoys, moored buoys, sea mammals and ships of opportunity.

Description

This

in-situ is a Latin phrase meaning 'in place' or 'on site', derived from ' ('in') and ' ( ablative of ''situs'', ). The term typically refers to the examination or occurrence of a process within its original context, without relocation. The term is use ...

dataset produced by the French institute

Ifremer The or Ifremer is an oceanographic institution in Brest, France. A state-run and funded scientific organization, it is France’s national integrated marine science research institute. Scope of works Ifremer focuses its research activities in ...

in the framework of the European project MyOcean and French project CORIOLIS is a picture of the content of the operational oceanographic database

CORIOLIS Coriolis may refer to: * Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (1792–1843), French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist * Coriolis force In physics, the Coriolis force is a pseudo force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of ref ...

. This database is the main tool of Coriolis project which is a global data assembly center of in situ data: such a
US-GODAE
centre of

Monterey Monterey ( ; ) is a city situated on the southern edge of Monterey Bay, on the Central Coast of California. Located in Monterey County, the city occupies a land area of and recorded a population of 30,218 in the 2020 census. The city was fou ...

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

. The latest version of CORA product is v5.0, it covers the years 1950 up to 2015 and has been released in April 2017. Observations are profiles distributed on measured levels (pressure or depth) and organized by dates of measurement and type of platform. Main users of CORA dataset are ocean modelers who needs to constraint and initialize their model. CORA is free of access and can be download via CORIOLIS website in

netCDF NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) is a set of software libraries and self-describing, machine-independent data formats that support the creation, access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data. The project homepage is hosted by the Unidat ...

file format. The main different of CORA dataset with other available datasets is that CORA provides data at depth levels where measurements were made rather than at standard levels such as in World Ocean Atlas o
ENACT3
In addition data in CORA are retrieved from Coriolis database where each profile is visually checked by specialist operators if suspicious.

Validation procedure

Validation in database

* duplicate observation check * automatic checks (spikes, climatology, monotonic depth, valid date/position,...) * objective analysis (ISAS software with 21 days, 300 km covariance ray): suspicious observations are visualized by an operator

Validation post extraction

* second duplicate observation check (detection and choice parameters tuned) * refined climatological test * XBT depth correction * second objective analysis with tuned parameters: anomalies are visualized *

ARGO In Greek mythology, the ''Argo'' ( ; ) was the ship of Jason and the Argonauts. The ship was built with divine aid, and some ancient sources describe her as the first ship to sail the seas. The ''Argo'' carried the Argonauts on their quest fo ...

special diagnostics

Data sources

The CORA dataset is designed for operational oceanography, so most global real time monitoring networks are plugged into this database. The data sources are the following: *

(autonomous drifting profilers) * The global network of moored buoys comprising the TAO/TRITON, PIRATA and

RAMA Rama (; , , ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the seventh and one of the most popular avatars of Vishnu. In Rama-centric Hindu traditions, he is considered the Supreme Being. Also considered as the ideal man (''maryāda' ...

arrays * EGO ( underwater gliders) * GTSPP (channel of real-time data distribution maintained by the US institute

NOAA The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA ) is an American scientific and regulatory agency charged with forecasting weather, monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions, charting the seas, conducting deep-sea exploratio ...

) * GOSUDhttp://www.gosud.org/ GOSUD Website> thermosalinograph data coming from opportunity ships * GTS ( BATHY, TESSAC, drifting buoys messages) channel of low resolution data distribution * Sea mammals equipped with sensors ( seals and sea elephants) * other datasets integrated in delayed-time ( CTD, XBT, oceanographic cruises,...)

Versions

References

External links

official website of CORIOLIS project

official website of MyOcean project
{{physical oceanography Databases in France Environmental science databases