enzymology An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...

, a CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase () is an

enzyme An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...

that

catalyzes Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quick ...

the

chemical reaction A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemistry, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an Gibbs free energy, ...

:CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + 2 ferrocytochrome b₅ + O₂ + 2 H⁺

\rightleftharpoons

CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate + 2 ferricytochrome b₅ + H₂O The 4 substrates of this enzyme are CMP-N-acetylneuraminate,

ferrocytochrome b5 Cytochromes ''b''5 are ubiquitous electron transport hemoproteins found in animals, plants, fungi and purple phototrophic bacteria. The microsomal and mitochondrial variants are membrane-bound, while bacterial and those from erythrocytes and ot ...

, O₂, and H⁺, whereas its 3

products Product may refer to: Business * Product (business), an item that can be offered to a market to satisfy the desire or need of a customer. * Product (project management), a deliverable or set of deliverables that contribute to a business solution ...

are CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate, ferricytochrome b5, and H₂O. This enzyme belongs to the family of

oxidoreductase In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually ut ...

s, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor. The

systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ...

of this enzyme class is CMP-N-acetylneuraminate,ferrocytochrome-b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-acetyl-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase, CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase, cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate monooxygenase, N-acetylneuraminic monooxygenase, and cytidine-5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase. This enzyme participates in

aminosugars metabolism In organic chemistry, an amino sugar is a sugar molecule in which a hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amine group. More than 60 amino sugars are known, with one of the most abundant being ''N''-acetyl--glucosamine (a 2-amino-2-deoxysugar), ...

References

* * * * * EC 1.14.18 Enzymes of unknown structure {{1.14-enzyme-stub