Canadian Forces Station Lowther (ADC ID: M-119/C-119) is a closed General Surveillance Radar station. It is located east-southeast of
Mattice-Val Côté, Ontario. It was closed in 1987.
It was operated as part of the
Pinetree Line
The Pinetree Line was a series of radar stations located across the northern United States and southern Canada at about the 50th parallel north, along with a number of other stations located on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Run by North Ame ...
network controlled by
NORAD
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD ), known until March 1981 as the North American Air Defense Command, is a combined organization of the United States and Canada that provides aerospace warning, air sovereignty, and protection ...
.
History
As a result of the
Cold War and with the expansion of a North American continental air defence system, Lowther was selected as a site for a
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army S ...
(USAF) radar station, one of the many that would make up the Pinetree Line of Ground-Control Intercept (GCI) radar sites. The original plan was to build the base in
Oba, Ontario
Unorganized North Algoma District is an unorganized area in northeastern Ontario, Canada, comprising all areas in Algoma District, north of the Sault Ste. Marie to Elliot Lake corridor, which are not part of an incorporated municipality or a First ...
, but the location was changed due to Oba's poor road access.
The USAF initially considered Lowther to be part of a planned deployment of forty-four mobile radar stations, to support the permanent ADC network of seventy-five stations around the perimeter of the United States. For that reason the station was initially designated as "M-119". This designation was later changed to reflect its Canadian location and was re-designated as "C-119", in line with the other Ontario Pinetree Line sites being constructed.
In July 1957, the USAF
Air Defense Command
Aerospace Defense Command was a major command of the United States Air Force, responsible for continental air defense. It was activated in 1968 and disbanded in 1980. Its predecessor, Air Defense Command, was established in 1946, briefly ina ...
(ADC)
37th Air Division
The 37th Air Division (37th AD) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command at Goose Air Force Base, Labrador, Canada It was inactivated on 30 June 1970.
History Strategic Air Command
E ...
moved the
639th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron
The 639th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the Sault Sainte Marie Air Defense Sector, Air Defense Command, stationed at Lowther Air Station, Ontario, Canada. It was inact ...
to the station. Initial radars installed were
AN/MPS-7,
AN/FPS-4, and
AN/MPS-14
The AN/FPS-6 Radar was a long-range height finding radar used by the United States Air Force's Air Defense Command
Aerospace Defense Command was a major command (military formation), command of the United States Air Force, responsible for c ...
sets. Lowther Air Station, as it was referred to by the USAF, was declared operationally ready on 1 July 1958.
In early 1963 the 639th AC&WS was inactivated and preparations were made to transfer the station to the
Royal Canadian Air Force
The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF; french: Aviation royale canadienne, ARC) is the air and space force of Canada. Its role is to "provide the Canadian Forces with relevant, responsive and effective airpower". The RCAF is one of three environ ...
. This was part of an arrangement with the United States that came as a result of the cancellation of the
Avro Arrow
The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow was a delta-winged interceptor aircraft designed and built by Avro Canada. The CF-105 held the promise of Mach 2 speeds at altitudes exceeding and was intended to serve as the Royal Canadian Air Force's (RCAF) pr ...
. Canada would obtain 66
F-101B Voodoo
The McDonnell F-101 Voodoo is a supersonic jet fighter which served the United States Air Force (USAF) and the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF).
Initially designed by McDonnell Aircraft Corporation as a long-range bomber escort (known as a ''p ...
fighters from 1961 onwards, and take over operation of 12 Pinetree radar bases.
In March 1963, Lowther AS was connected to the
Semi Automatic Ground Environment
The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) was a system of large computers and associated networking equipment that coordinated data from many radar sites and processed it to produce a single unified image of the airspace over a wide area. SA ...
(SAGE) system and the station became a long-range radar site. It would no longer guide interceptors but only look for enemy aircraft, feeding data to the
Sault Sainte Marie Air Defense Sector
The Sault Sainte Marie Air Defense Sector (SsmADS) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with the 30th Air Division, being stationed at K.I. Sawyer Air Force Base, Michigan.
History
SsmADS was establis ...
SAGE DC-14 Data Center of the
30th NORAD Region at
K.I. Sawyer AFB
K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base is a decommissioned United States Air Force (USAF) installation in Marquette County, Michigan, south of the city of Marquette. Near the center of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, the base operated for nearly forty ye ...
, Michigan.
On 1 July 1963, the station was turned over to the RCAF, the final Pinetree Line site to be transferred. Under RCAF jurisdiction, the station was renamed RCAF Station Lowther. The RCAF's operating unit was No. 36 Radar Squadron. It was also upgraded with the following radars:
* Search radars:
AN/MPS-7,
AN/FPS-27, AN/FPS-27A
* Height radars:
AN/MPS-14
The AN/FPS-6 Radar was a long-range height finding radar used by the United States Air Force's Air Defense Command
Aerospace Defense Command was a major command (military formation), command of the United States Air Force, responsible for c ...
,
AN/FPS-4,
AN/FPS-6
The AN/FPS-6 Radar was a long-range height finding radar used by the United States Air Force's Air Defense Command. The AN/FPS-6 radar was introduced into service in the late 1950s and served as the principal height-finder radar for the United Stat ...
B,
AN/FPS-26
The Avco AN/FPS-26 Radar was an Air Defense Command height finder radar developed in the Frequency Diversity Program with a tunable 3-cavity power klystron for electronic counter-countermeasures (e.g. to counter jamming). Accepted by the Rome A ...
A
On 1 April 1966, Lowther began feeding SAGE data to the
29th NORAD Region at
Duluth, Minnesota
, settlement_type = City
, nicknames = Twin Ports (with Superior), Zenith City
, motto =
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top: urban Duluth skyline; Minnesota ...
(later re-designated the
23d NORAD Region in November 1969). With the unification of the RCAF,
Royal Canadian Navy
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN; french: Marine royale canadienne, ''MRC'') is the naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack subma ...
and
Canadian Army
The Canadian Army (french: Armée canadienne) is the command (military formation), command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces. It maintains regular forces units at bases acr ...
into the
Canadian Forces
}
The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; french: Forces armées canadiennes, ''FAC'') are the unified Military, military forces of Canada, including sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Ai ...
, the station was re-designated simply CFS Lowther in 1968.
Beginning in 1983, the station began reporting to Canada East ROCC. In July 1986, plans to decommission CFS Lowther along with 17 other sites were in the works and on 1 April 1987 CFS Lowther was officially decommissioned as part of the shut-down of the Pinetree Line.
Post closure
As part of a process that would take more than two years to complete, the radar station, a ground-air transmitter receiver (GATR) site, and recreational and living facilities would be completely removed and the land returned to its natural state.
By 1988, CFS Lowther had become somewhat forsaken. Though there were still buildings and radar towers present, only three commissionaires remained to guard the once vibrant station. By 1992, everything was gone including the guards. The old gymnasium had been moved into the nearby town of Opasatika, where it was turned into a mushroom growing facility, and the remote radio site was taken over by Hyundai for use as a winter test facility.
As a memorial, an AN/FPS-26 Height Finder antenna was relocated to the main throughway in Kapuskasing. Other than the abandoned roadways, nothing remains of CFS Lowther.
See also
*
List of Royal Canadian Air Force stations
This is a list of stations operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), or stations where RCAF units existed, from 1924 until unification into the Canadian Forces on February 1, 1968.
Some of the RCAF stations listed in this article link to f ...
*
References
* A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization 1946 - 1980, by Lloyd H. Cornett and Mildred W. Johnson, Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado
* Winkler, David F. (1997), Searching the skies: the legacy of the United States Cold War defense radar program. Prepared for United States Air Force Headquarters Air Combat Command.
Information for Lowther AS, ON* Ozorak, Paul. ''Abandoned Military Installations of Canada: Volume I: Ontario''. 1991. .
{{Aerospace Defense Command, state=collapsed
Lowther
1958 establishments in Ontario
1987 disestablishments in Ontario">1958_establishments_in_Ontario.html" ;"title="1958 establishments in Ontario">1958 establishments in Ontario
1987 disestablishments in Ontario
Military installations established in 1958
Military installations closed in 1987