CER ( – ''Digital Electronic Computer'') model 203 is an early digital

computer A computer is a machine that can be Computer programming, programmed to automatically Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (''computation''). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic set ...

developed by

Mihajlo Pupin Institute Mihajlo Pupin Institute () is an institute based in Belgrade, Serbia. It is named after Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin and is part of the University of Belgrade. It is notable for manufacturing numerous computer systems used in SFR Yugoslavia - especia ...

(

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

) in 1971. It was designed to process data of medium-sized businesses: * In banks, for managing and processing of accounts, bookkeeping, foreign-currency and interest calculations, amortization plans and statistics * In manufacturing, for

production planning Production planning is the planning of Production (economics), production and manufacturing modules in a company or industry. It utilizes the resource allocation of activities of employees, raw material, materials and production capacity, in ord ...

and management, market data processing and forecasting, inventory management, financial document management and process modelling * In utilities, to calculate water and electricity consumption, to produce various reports and lists and for technical calculations and design * In construction industry for network planning method design, financial management and bookkeeping * In trading companies for payment processing, market analysis, inventory management and customer and partner relationship management

Specifications

Central Processing: * Type: BMS-203 * Number of instructions: 32 * Performance: ** one 16-cycle instruction: 20

μs A microsecond is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one millionth (0.000001 or 10−6 or ) of a second. Its symbol is μs, sometimes simplified to us when Unicode is not available. A microsecond is to one second, ...

** one single cycle instruction: 5

** addition and/or subtraction of two 15-digit numbers: 20

Primary memory: * Capacity: 8

kiloword In computing, a word is any processor design's natural unit of data. A word is a fixed-sized datum handled as a unit by the instruction set or the hardware of the processor. The number of bits or digits in a word (the ''word size'', ''word widt ...

s * Speed (cycle time): 1

* Complete, autonomous memory error checking * Parity control

Punched tape file:PaperTapes-5and8Hole.jpg, Five- and eight-hole wide punched paper tape file:Harwell-dekatron-witch-10.jpg, Paper tape reader on the Harwell computer with a small piece of five-hole tape connected in a circle – creating a physical program ...

reader: *

Dielectric In electromagnetism, a dielectric (or dielectric medium) is an Insulator (electricity), electrical insulator that can be Polarisability, polarised by an applied electric field. When a dielectric material is placed in an electric field, electric ...

-based reading * Speed: 500 to 1,000 characters per

second The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes, and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of U ...

* Accepts 5, 7 and 8-channel tapes Tape puncher: * Speed: 75 characters per

Parallel

Line Printer A line printer Printer (computing), prints one entire line of text before advancing to another line. Most early line printers were printer (computing)#Impact printers, impact printers. Line printers are mostly associated with unit record eq ...

667: * "On the fly" printing * 128 characters per line * Removable/replaceable printing cylinder * Speed: ** 500 lines per

minute A minute is a unit of time defined as equal to 60 seconds. It is not a unit in the International System of Units (SI), but is accepted for use with SI. The SI symbol for minutes is min (without a dot). The prime symbol is also sometimes used i ...

for a character set of 63 characters ** 550 lines per

for a character set of 50 characters * Automatic paper feeder * Two line spacing settings * Programamtic tape for discontinuous paper movement * Maximum number of

carbon copies Before the development of photographic copiers, a carbon copy was the under-copy of a typed or written document placed over carbon paper and the under-copy sheet itself (not to be confused with the carbon print family of photographic reproduc ...

: 6 Independent Printer M 30: * 132 characters per line * Speed: ** Prints 25 alphanumeric characters per

** Prints 33 numeric characters per

** Tabulation speed: 144 characters per

** Blank printing speed: 100 characters per

* Maximum number of

: 6 Magnetic cassettes 4096: * Capacity: 600,000 characters * Variable record length * Transfer rate: 857 characters per

* Tape speed: 10 inches per

Magnetic Tape Drives: * Data format: 9-track

ASCII ASCII ( ), an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for representing a particular set of 95 (English language focused) printable character, printable and 33 control character, control c ...

with inter-record space of * Data density: 556/800

bit The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit. The bit represents a logical state with one of two possible values. These values are most commonly represented as ...

s per inch * Capacity per tape: 10,000,000 characters * Tape speed: 24 inches/ s, 150 inches/ s fast-forward and rewind * Transfer rate: 19.2

kHz The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second. The hertz is an SI derived unit whose formal expression in terms of SI base uni ...

* Tape width: * Tape length: * Working ambient temperature range: 5 °C to 40 °C * Relative humidity: up to 80% *

Integrated circuit An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or simply chip, is a set of electronic circuits, consisting of various electronic components (such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors) and their interconnections. These components a ...

control logic * Separate control panel for each drive * Read/Write Capabilities: ** Read and Write forward ** Read forward ** Read reverse

References

* M.Momcilovic, D.Hristovic, P.Vrbavac ''et al.'':"Domaci cifarski el.racunari CER", Zbornik Savetovanja AOP u preduzecima, pp. 38–58, Nova Varos YU, May 22, 1969. (in Serbian); * Miodrag Momcilovic, Miladin Dabic:"Domaci el. sistem za obradu podataka CER 203", Proc.of the VI yougoslav Symposium on AOP, Zagreb, 1972. (in Serbian). {{Serbian computers Mihajlo Pupin Institute CER computers

Specifications

See also

References