Charles Gardner Sullivan (September 18, 1884 – September 5, 1965) was an American

screenwriter A screenwriter (also called scriptwriter, scribe, or scenarist) is a person who practices the craft of writing for visual mass media, known as screenwriting. These can include short films, feature-length films, television programs, television ...

and film producer. He was a prolific writer with more than 350 films among his credits. In 1924, the magazine ''Story World'' selected him on a list of the ten individuals who had contributed the most to the advancement of the motion picture industry from its inception forward. Four of Sullivan's films, '' The Italian'' (1915), ''

Civilization A civilization (also spelled civilisation in British English) is any complex society characterized by the development of state (polity), the state, social stratification, urban area, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyon ...

'' (1916), ''

Hell's Hinges ''Hell's Hinges'' is a 1916 American silent Western film starring William S. Hart and Clara Williams. Directed by Charles Swickard, William S. Hart and Clifford Smith, and produced by Thomas H. Ince, the screenplay was written by C. Gar ...

'' (1916), and ''

All Quiet on the Western Front ''All Quiet on the Western Front'' () is a semi-autobiographical novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental trauma during the war as well as the detachme ...

'' (1930), have been listed in the

National Film Registry The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation (library and archival science), preservation, each selected for its cultural, historical, and aestheti ...

Early years

Sullivan was born in

Stillwater, Minnesota Stillwater is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Washington County, Minnesota, Washington County. It is in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, on the west bank of the St. Croix River (Wisconsin-Minnesota), S ...

, and educated in the public schools of

St. Paul, Minnesota Saint Paul (often abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 311,527, making it Minnesota's second-most populous city a ...

. Interviewed in 1916, Sullivan said he was "not precisely what one would call a college man, although I had some training at the

University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota Twin Cities (historically known as University of Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint ...

. In 1907, Sullivan went into the newspaper business, working on the staff of the ''St. Paul Daily News'' at a starting salary of six dollars per week. Shortly afterward, Sullivan was assigned to write a column that he later said "was supposed to be a humorous column." He moved to New York where he joined the staff of the ''New York Evening Journal''. While working in New York, a colleague showed him an advertisement by a motion picture company in the ''Saturday Evening Post'' inviting new authors to contribute stories. Gardner recalled it was that advertisement that got him started with "photoplay writing". Sullivan's first script was returned to him, and he did not make another submission for some time. The first story he sold was ''Her Polished Family'', which was purchased by

Edison Studios Edison Studios was an American film production organization, owned by companies controlled by inventor and entrepreneur, Thomas Edison. The studio made close to 1,200 films, as part of the Edison Manufacturing Company (1894–1911) and then Tho ...

for $25. He later submitted a western story to the New York Motion Picture Corporation run by Thomas H. Ince and received a check for $50. In the following months, Ince's company purchased sixty of Sullivan's stories.

Hollywood screenwriter

In 1914, Ince offered Sullivan a full-time job in Hollywood as a member of his movie studio's "scenario staff". By that time, Sullivan had married and was uncertain about moving to California. However, he accepted and for the next decade became the "dean" of Hollywood's screenwriters. Sullivan began his career in Hollywood writing stories for Ince's two-reel films. He then progressed to full-length feature films, and his stories contributed much to the fame of stars including Dorothy Dalton,

Enid Bennett Enid Eulalie Bennett (15 July 1893 – 14 May 1969) was an Australian silent film actress, mostly active in American film. Early life Bennett was born on 15 July 1893 in York, Western Australia, the daughter of Nellie Mary Louise (''née'' Wa ...

Louise Glaum Louise Glaum (September 4, 1888 – November 25, 1970) was an American actor, actress. Known for her roles as a femme fatale, vamp in silent film, silent era film, motion picture drama film, dramas, she was credited in her early career with ...

and

Constance Bennett Constance Campbell Bennett (October 22, 1904 – July 24, 1965) was an American stage, film, radio, and television actress and producer. She was a major Cinema of the United States, Hollywood star during the 1920s and 1930s; during the early 193 ...

. His early films were mostly in the western genre, but also included historical dramas such as '' The Witch of Salem'' (1913) and ''

The Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg () was a three-day battle in the American Civil War, which was fought between the Union army, Union and Confederate States Army, Confederate armies between July 1 and July 3, 1863, in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylva ...

'' (1913), and comedies such as " The Adventures of Shorty" two-reelers from 1914 through 1917. Sullivan's 1915 feature '' The Italian'' was one of the biggest box office hits of the year. And his screenplays for

William S. Hart William Surrey Hart (December 6, 1864 – June 23, 1946) was an American silent film actor, screenwriter, director and producer. He is remembered as a foremost Western star of the silent era who "imbued all of his characters with honor and integ ...

, including '' The Scourge of the Desert'', '' The Aryan'', ''

'', '' The Return of Draw Egan'', '' Branding Broadway'' and '' Wagon Tracks'' helped make Hart one of the biggest stars of the 1910s. Showing an ability to handle diverse topics, Sullivan also wrote screenplays involving domestic melodrama. These included ''

The Golden Claw ''The Golden Claw'' is a 1915 American dramatic film produced by Thomas H. Ince, written by C. Gardner Sullivan, and directed by Reginald Barker. It is a five-reel drama released by Kay-Bee Pictures and starred Bessie Barriscale. Plot Bessi ...

'' and a series of screenplays for silent film femme fatale,

, such as '' The Wolf Woman'' (described as "the greatest vampire woman of all time"), ''

Sahara The Sahara (, ) is a desert spanning across North Africa. With an area of , it is the largest hot desert in the world and the list of deserts by area, third-largest desert overall, smaller only than the deserts of Antarctica and the northern Ar ...

'' and the provocatively titled ''

Sex Sex is the biological trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing organism produces male or female gametes. During sexual reproduction, a male and a female gamete fuse to form a zygote, which develops into an offspring that inheri ...

'' (featuring Glaum performing a sensual "spider dance" dressed in a form-fitting cloak of webs). With the outbreak of

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, Sullivan also turned his attention to the war. In '' Shell 43'', he told the story of English spy working behind German lines who saves the life of a German officer and is killed in a German trench by an Allied shell. Perhaps Sullivan's most famous screenplay was ''

'', a big budget anti-war movie in which Jesus appeared on a World War I battlefield. In the film, a Germanic submarine commander refuses to follow orders to fire torpedoes at a ship carrying innocent passengers, saying he is "obeying orders -- from a Higher Power." The submarine is destroyed, and the commander's soul descends into hell, where he encounters Jesus. Jesus announces that the commander can find redemption by having Jesus occupy his body and return to the living world as a voice for peace. The commander is sentenced to death for refusing to follow orders, and at his execution, the spirit of Jesus emerges from his dead body and gives the king of the warring nation a tour of the battlefields. Jesus asks, "See here thy handiwork? Under thy reign, thy domain hath become a raging hell!" In the film's most famous scene, Jesus departs through the bloodied battlefields. The film was a popular success when it was released in 1916. In fact, the 1916 Democratic National Committee credited the film with helping to re-elect President Woodrow Wilson. However, after the entry of the United States into the war, the film was pulled from distribution. Sullivan returned to the subject of World War I as the supervising story chief for the 1930 film adaptation of ''

''. Sullivan prided himself on tackling a diverse range of subject matters, telling an interviewer the following:

I have made all kinds and manner of pictures, none of them the work of a specialist in a certain grooved form. ... The public is fickle. The man who makes pictures for the public must be able to turn from comedy to melodrama, from psychological realism to sophisticated farce, from the big-scale popular spectacle to the cameo of emotions, sentimental drama.

By 1919, Sullivan was the best known screenwriter in Hollywood. The ''Los Angeles Times'' wrote of him:

Several years ago, when the newly-formed Triangle organization contributed a new art and finish to the motion picture, there came into great prominence C. Gardner Sullivan, a writer of fine capabilities; a careful, technical craftsman. No author having a contempt for the intellect of his audience -- and many writers of photodramas continue to hold their audiences in contempt -- could have made the success of screen authorship that C. Gardner Sullivan has.

In January 1920, Sullivan left New York for a world tour. He was given a

roving commission A roving commission details the duties of a commissioned officer or other official whose responsibilities are neither geographically nor functionally limited. Where an individual in an official position is given more freedom than would regularly b ...

by Ince allowing him to "leave the studio with a free mind and just browse around wherever fancy dictates; if the spirit should move him he may write a script now and then, 'just for practice,' or he may just store up a fund of mental notes for future use." In February 1924, the ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that the number of feature films produced from the original stories or adaptations of Mr. Sullivan totaled 311 in eight years. The ''Times'' noted: "This record undoubtedly is unrivaled among screen authors. Mr. Sullivan's work is all the more remarkable because of the recognition which it has achieved for unvarying quality and variety." At that time, Sullivan described the rule he applied in the selection of a story for the screen:

Is it human, is it true to life, is it sincere? If you can conscientiously satisfy yourself on these things, you won't have to worry as to whether the public will like the story or not. If you are genuinely moved by it, you may be sure that the public will respond in like manner. ... Give the public a story that touches the heart and is true to life, and, to paraphrase Emerson, 'the world will make a beaten path to the theater box office.'

In his book about the history of American screenwriting, Marc Norman wrote that the Ince studio, where Sullivan was the lead writer, was the first to use the screenplay as the blueprint for the entire production, marking a departure from earlier productions in which the "screenplay" was simply "a one-page précis of the film's narrative." Indeed, Sullivan's scripts detailed locations, the number of actors, costumes, and even the blocking of the shoot. Norman pointed to the following excerpt from the ''

'' script as an example of the directorial detail contained in Sullivan's work:

Scene L: Close-Up on Bar in Western Saloon
A group of good western types of the earlier period are drinking at the bar and talking idly -- much good fellowship prevails and every man feels at ease with his neighbor -- one of them glances off the picture and the smile fades from his face to be replaced by the strained look of worry -- the others notice the change and follow his gaze -- their face reflect his own emotions -- be sure to get over a good contrast between the easy good nature that had prevailed and the unnatural, strained silence that follows -- as they look, cut.

Once Sullivan's scripts were completed, Thomas Ince would stamp them "Produce exactly as written," leaving little to the discretion of the directors and cameramen. By setting every detail of the scene in words, Sullivan was able to "control the outcome of the film he saw in his mind's eye."

Producer and screenwriter

In September 1924, Sullivan entered the production end of the business forming a new production company called C. Gardner Sullivan Productions. The company produced ''Cheap Kisses'', a 1924 comedy drama, and ''If Marriage Fails'', both based on screenplays written by Sullivan. In the late 1920s, Sullivan signed on with

Cecil B. DeMille Cecil Blount DeMille (; August 12, 1881January 21, 1959) was an American filmmaker and actor. Between 1914 and 1958, he made 70 features, both silent and sound films. He is acknowledged as a founding father of American cinema and the most co ...

as a producer. While working with DeMille, Sullivan made such films as '' The Yankee Clipper''. In 1927, he was referred to as "the man who knows box office":

C. Gardner Sullivan, creator of 365 box-office hits, maker of 'The Yankee Clipper,' ... as well as of 'White Gold,' ... producer for the De Mille studios, whose reputation is that of 'the man who knows box office,' is the man who chose to film a story as truth rather than as 'mush for the morons' ...

With the arrival of censorship in the motion picture industry, Sullivan was an outspoken critic of the practice. In 1931, Sullivan argued publicly that censorship was impeding the presentation of satire in motion pictures. He noted that "some of the finest examples of screen writing are being rejected because their keen satire would be resented by some strata of society." Sullivan remained active as a screenwriter in the 1930s with works including DeMille's 1938 adventure film '' The Buccaneer''. His final film credit was the story of ''

Jackass Mail ''Jackass Mail'' is a 1942 Western comedy film directed by Norman Z. McLeod and starring Wallace Beery and Marjorie Main. Plot Cast Reception According to MGM records the film earned $1,013,000 in the US and Canada and $292,000 elsewhere ...

'', a 1942 western directed by Norman Z. McLeod and starring

Wallace Beery Wallace Fitzgerald Beery (April 1, 1885 – April 15, 1949) was an American film and stage actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Bill in '' Min and Bill'' (1930) opposite Marie Dressler, as General Director Preysing in '' Grand Hotel'' (1 ...

Personal life and death

Sullivan married actress

Ann May Ann Beatrice Sullivan (born Anna Beatrice Max; November 25, 1898https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/4117736_00342?usePUB=true&usePUBJs=true&pId=40249610 – July 26, 1985), known professionally as Ann May, was a silent ...

on February 14, 1925 in Santa Ana. They had four children together; daughter Sheilah Dree, and sons Charles Gardner, Michael Patrick, and Timothy Reese. He was an avid golfer and crossword puzzle enthusiast. In September 1965, Sullivan died of a heart attack at age 80 at his home in

West Hollywood, California West Hollywood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 U.S. Census, its population was 35,757. History Most historical writing ...

Role in film history

In 1924, the magazine ''Story World'' selected a list of the ten individuals who had contributed the most to the advancement of the motion picture industry from the time of its inception. The list included Gardner (the only screenwriter on the list), director D.W. Griffith, actors

Charlie Chaplin Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered o ...

and

Mary Pickford Gladys Louise Smith (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979), known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a Canadian-American film actress and producer. A Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood, pioneer in the American film industry with a Hollywood care ...

Carl Laemmle Carl Laemmle (; born Karl Lämmle ; January 17, 1867 – September 24, 1939) was a German-American film producer and the co-founder and, until 1934, owner of Universal Pictures. He produced or worked on over 400 films. Regarded as one of the ...

(founder of Universal Studios),

Charles Francis Jenkins Charles Francis Jenkins (August 22, 1867 – June 6, 1934) was an American engineer who was a pioneer of early cinema and one of the inventors of television, though he used mechanical rather than electronic technologies. His businesses inc ...

(inventor of the motion picture projector), producer Thomas H. Ince, and art director Wilfred Buckland. Four of Sullivan's films, '' The Italian'' (1915), ''

'' (1916), ''

'' (1916) and ''

'' (1930), have been listed in the

Filmography

# '' Her Polished Family'' (1912) - the first story sold by Sullivan to Edison # '' When Lee Surrenders'' (1912) (scenario) # '' The Altar of Death'' (West, 1912) (co-director, writer with T. Ince) # '' The Army Surgeon'' (F. Ford, 1912) (writer) # ''

The Invaders ''The Invaders'' is an American science fiction television series created by Larry Cohen that aired on ABC for two seasons, from 1967 to 1968. Roy Thinnes stars as David Vincent, who after stumbling across evidence of an in-progress invasi ...

'' (F. Ford and T. Ince, 1912) (uncredited) # '' The Dead Pay'' (1912) (scenario) # '' A Shadow of the Past'' (T. Ince, 1913) (scenario) # '' Days of '49'' (T. Ince, 1913) (scenario) # '' The Witch of Salem'' (West, 1913) (writer) # ''

Will o' the Wisp Will may refer to: Common meanings * Will and testament, instructions for the disposition of one's property after death * Will (philosophy), or willpower * Will (sociology) * Will, volition (psychology) * Will, a modal verb - see Shall and will ...

'' (1913) (writer) # ''

The Reaping ''The Reaping'' is a 2007 American supernatural horror thriller film, starring Hilary Swank. The film was directed by Stephen Hopkins for Warner Bros. Pictures, Village Roadshow Pictures and Dark Castle Entertainment. The music for the f ...

'' (1913) (story) # '' The Seal of Silence'' (1913) (scenario) # '' The Boomerange'' (1913) (scenario) # ''

'' (T. Incee, 1914) (titles) # '' The Telltale Hatband'' (1913) (scenario) # '' The Paymaster's Son'' (1913) (scenario) # '' The Bargain'' (Barker, 1914) # '' The Wrath of the Gods'' (1914) (writer) # '' One of the Discarded'' (1914) (writer) # '' Two-Gun Hicks'' (Hart, 1914) (writer) # '' In the Sage Brush Country'' (1914) (scenario, story) # '' The Hour of Reckoning'' (1914) (written by) # '' Shorty and the Fortune Teller'' (1914) (story) # '' Shorty and Sherlock Holmes'' (1914) ("The feature picture at the Bijou Theatre for the remainder of the week is the Broncho two-reel film, 'Shorty and Sherlock Holmes,' the latest release of the well known Shorty stories by C. Gardner Sullivan and Thomas H. Ince.") # '' Mother of the Shadows'' (Osborne, 1914) # '' Destiny's Night'' (1914) # '' Not of the Flock'' (Sidney, 1914) (producer) # '' Markia'', aka '' The Fall of Carthage'' (1914) # '' The City of Darkness'' (1914) # '' Breed o' the North'' (1914) (writer) # ''

Willie Willy or Willie is a masculine, male given name, often a diminutive form of William or Wilhelm, and occasionally a nickname. It may refer to: People Given name or nickname * Willie Allen (basketball) (born 1949), American basketball player and ...

'' (1914) (scenario) # '' The Worth of a Life'' (1914) (story) # '' The World of His People'' (1914) (story) # '' Satan McAllister's Heir'' (1915) (writer) # '' The Last of the Line'' (T. Ince, 1915) (scenario) # '' The Roughneck'' (Hart and Smith, 1915) (writer) # '' The Ruse'' (Hart and Smith, 1915) (writer) # '' Pinto Ben'' (Hart, 1915) # '' Mr. 'Silent' Haskins'' (1915) (writer) # '' The Cross of Fire'' (1915) (written by) # '' In the Land of the Otter'' (1915) (written by) # ''

The Grudge ''The Grudge'' is a 2004 American supernatural horror film directed by Takashi Shimizu, written by Stephen Susco, and produced by Sam Raimi, Robert Tapert, and Takashige Ichise. A remake of Shimizu's 2002 Japanese horror film '' Ju-On: The ...

'' (1915) (writer) # '' The Darkening Trail'' (1915) (writer) ("C. Gardner Sullivan, the author of the feature and also author of 'The Cup of Life' and 'On the Night Stage,' is probably most admired of truly American dramatists writing original stories for the screen.") # '' On the Night Stage'' (Barker, 1915) (story) # '' Winning Back'' (1915) (scenario) # ''

On the High Seas ''On the High Seas'' is a 1922 American silent adventure film directed by Irvin Willat and written by Edward Sheldon and E. Magnus Ingleton. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Jack Holt, Mitchell Lewis, Winter Hall, Michael Dark, Otto Brower, an ...

'' (1915) # '' The Shoal Light'' (1915) # '' The Tools of Providence'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Floating Death'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Reward'' (scenario) # '' Hostage of the North'' (1915) # '' The Man from Nowhere'', aka ''The Silent Stranger'' (1915) (scenario, story for ''The Silent Stranger'') # ''

The Cup of Life "The Cup of Life" (Spanish: "La Copa de la Vida") is a song recorded by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin for his fourth studio album, '' Vuelve'' (1998). Martin created the song after FIFA requested of him an anthem. The song was written by Lui ...

'' (West, 1915) (writer) # '' The Painted Soul'' (Sidney, 1915) (writer) # '' The Iron Strain'' (Barker, 1915) (scenario)("Like 'The Iron Strain,' 'The Painted Soul' is from the joint pens of C. Gardner Sullivan and Thomas H. Ince.") # '' The Man Who Went Out'' (1915) # ''

Matrimony Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children (if any), and b ...

'' (Sidney, 1915) (scenario) # '' In the Switch Tower'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Girl Who Might Have Been'' (1915) (writer) # '' The Man from Oregon'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Toast of Death'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Mating'' (1915) (scenario) # '' Between Men'' (1915) (screenplay, story) # ''

The Winged Idol ''The Winged Idol'' is a 1915 American silent drama film directed by Scott Sidney and starring Katharine Kaelred, House Peters and Clara Williams. It was released by Triangle Film on a program alongside Allan Dwan's '' Jordan Is a Hard Road' ...

'' (1915) (scenario) # ''

'' (Barker, 1915) (scenario) # '' The Forbidden Adventure'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Edge of the Abyss'' (1915) (scenario) # '' The Scourge of the Desert'' (1915) (writer) # '' The Italian'' (Barker, 1915) (story) - ranked #15 at the box office in 1915 # '' The Valley of Hate'' (1915) # '' The Coward'' (Barker, 1915) # '' The Aryan'' (Hart and Smith, 1915) (screenplay, story) # '' Peggy'' (Giblyn, 1915) (writer) # '' The Beckoning Flame'' (1916) (scenario) # '' The Conqueror'' (Barker, 1916) (scenario) # '' Honor's Altar'' (1916) (scenario) # '' The Last Act'' (1916) (scenario) # '' The Moral Fabric'' (1916) (scenario) # '' The Stepping Stone'' (Barker, 1916) (scenario) # '' Civilization's Child'' (Giblyn, 1916) (writer) # '' The No-Good Guy'' (Edwards, 1916) (scenario) # '' The Dividend'' (1916) (writer) # '' The Beggar of Cawnpore'' (Swickard, 1916) (scenario) # '' Not My Sister'' (Giblyn, 1916) (writer) # '' The Market of Vain Desire'' (Barker, 1916) (story) # ''

The Bugle Call ''The Bugle Call'' is a 1927 American silent drama film directed by Edward Sedgwick and starring Jackie Coogan and Claire Windsor, which was released on August 6, 1927. The Lost Film Files database lists this film as being lost film, lost. Pl ...

'' (Barker, 1916) (scenario) # '' The Eye of the Night'' (Edwards, 1916) (writer) # '' The Payment'' (West, 1916) (scenario) # ''

Home A home, or domicile, is a space used as a permanent or semi-permanent residence for one or more human occupants, and sometimes various companion animals. Homes provide sheltered spaces, for instance rooms, where domestic activity can be p ...

'' (1916) (scenario) # '' A Corner in Colleens'' (Miller, 1916) (scenario) # '' The Dawn Maker'' (Hart, 1916) (screenplay, story) # '' Plain Jane'' (Miller, 1916) (scenario) # '' The Criminal'' (Barker, 1916) (scenario) # ''

The Corner ''The Corner'' is a 2000 HBO drama television miniseries based on the nonfiction book '' The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood'' (1997) by David Simon and Ed Burns, and adapted for television by David Simon and David M ...

'' (1916) (screenplay, story) # '' Shell 43'' (Barker, 1916) (writer) # ''

'' (Hart and Swickard, 1916) (screenplay, story) # ''

The Green Swamp ''The Green Swamp'' is a 1916 silent drama starring Bessie Barriscale and written by C. Gardner Sullivan. Plot summary The film centers on Magery Allison (played by Bessie Barriscale) and her husband, Dr. Ward Allison (played by Bruce McRae ...

'' (Sidney, 1916) (writer) # ''

'' (T. Ince, 1916) (writer) # '' The Wolf Woman'' (1916) (scenario) # '' The Return of Draw Egan'' (Hart, 1916) (screenplay, story) # '' The Thoroughbred'' (Bartlett, 1916) (scenario) # '' Three of Many'' (1917) (screenplay, story) # '' The Iced Bullet'' (Barker, 1917) (scenario) # '' The Pinch Hitter'' (1917) (scenario) # ''

Happiness Happiness is a complex and multifaceted emotion that encompasses a range of positive feelings, from contentment to intense joy. It is often associated with positive life experiences, such as achieving goals, spending time with loved ones, ...

'' (Barker, 1917) (writer) # '' The Zeppelin's Last Raid'' (1917) # '' The Hater of Men'' (1917) (scenario) # ''

The Girl, Glory ''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The ...

'' (1917) (scenario) # ''The Crab'' (1917) (scenario) # '' Those Who Pay'' (Wells, 1918) (scenario) # '' Without Honor'' (1918) (story) # '' Keys of the Righteous'' (1918) (screenplay, story) # '' Love Me'' (Neill, 1918) (scenario) # '' The Cast-Off'' (1918) (scenario) # '' Selfish Yates'' (Hart, 1917) (screenplay, story) # '' Shark Monroe'' (Hart, 1918) (screenplay, story) # ''

Vive la France! ''Vive la France!'' is an extant 1918 American silent war drama film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Dorothy Dalton. It was distributed by Famous Players–Lasky and Paramount Pictures. Plot Cast * Dorothy Dalton as Genevieve Bou ...

'' (1918) (scenario) # '' The Border Wireless'' (Hart, 1918) (writer) # '' When Do We Eat?'' (1918) (screenplay, story) # '' Branding Broadway'' (Hart, 1918) (writer) # '' Naughty, Naughty'' (Storm, 1918) (story) # ''

The Vamp ''The Vamp'' is a stage Musical theatre, musical with a book by Sam Locke (screenwriter), Sam Locke and John La Touche (lyricist), John La Touche with lyrics by La Touche and music by Jimmy Mundy, James Mundy. The show is set in the 1920s and te ...

'' (Storm, 1918) # '' The Poppy Girl's Husband'' (Hart and Hillyer, 1919) (scenario) # '' Stepping Out'' (Niblo, 1919) # ''

The Market of Souls ''The Market of Souls'' is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by Joe De Grasse and written by John Lynch and C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Holmes Herbert, Philo McCullough, Dorcas Mathews, Donald McDonald, and ...

'' (De Grasse, 1919) # ''

John Petticoats ''John Petticoats'' is a 1919 American silent action film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars William S. Hart, Walt Whitman, George Webb, Winifred Westover, Ethel Shannon, and Andrew Arbuckle. The ...

'' (Hillyer, 1919) (scenario, story) # '' Wagon Tracks'' (Hillyer, 1919) (screenplay, story) # '' Happy Though Married'' (Niblo, 1919) (writer) # ''

The Haunted Bedroom ''The Haunted Bedroom'' is a lost 1919 American silent drama film In film and television, drama is a category or genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone. The drama of this kin ...

'' (Niblo, 1919) (screenplay, story) # '' Other Men's Wives'' (Schertzinger, 1919) (screenplay, story) # ''

'' (Rosson, 1919) (story, scenario) ("This brilliant author is found at his best, it is said, in his newest drama, 'Sahara' ...") # ''

The Virtuous Thief ''The Virtuous Thief'' is a lost 1919 American silent drama film In film and television, drama is a category or genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone. The drama of this kind ...

'' (Niblo, 1919) (screenplay, story) # '' Stepping Out'' (1919) (scenario, story) # '' Dangerous Hours'' (Niblo, 1919) (scenario) # '' The Lady of Red Butte'' (1919) (screenplay, story) # ''

The Woman in the Suitcase ''The Woman in the Suitcase'' is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Fred Niblo, and is the first Paramount film released in the 1920s. A print of the film is held by the Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is a ...

'' (1920) (screenplay, story) # '' Love Madness'' (Henabery, 1920) (screenplay, story) # ''

'' (Niblo, 1920) (writer) # '' The False Road'' (Niblo, 1920) (screenplay, story) # '' Hairpins'' (Niblo, 1920) (screenplay, story) # '' Good Women'' (Gasnier, 1921) (screenplay, story) # '' Mother O' Mine'' (Niblo, 1921) (adaptation) # '' Greater Than Love'' (Niblo, 1921) (writer) # '' Hail the Woman'' (Wray, 1921) (writer) # '' White Hands'' (Hillyer, 1922) (story) # '' Human Wreckage'' (Wray, 1923) (writer) # ''

Soul of the Beast ''Soul of the Beast'' is a 1923 American silent romantic drama film directed by John Griffith Wray and starring Madge Bellamy, Cullen Landis, and Noah Beery Noah Nicholas Beery (January 17, 1882 – April 1, 1946) was an American act ...

'' (Wray, 1923) (story) # '' Dulcy'' (S. Franklin, 1923) (writer) # '' The Dangerous Maid'' (Heerman, 1923) (writer) # '' Long Live the King'' (Schertzinger, 1923) (adaptation) # '' Strangers of the Night'' (Niblo, 1923) (adaptation) # '' The Goldfish'' (Storm, 1924) (writer) # '' The Marriage Cheat'' (Wray, 1924) (adaptation) # ''

Wandering Husbands ''Wandering Husbands'', also known as ''Loves and Lies'', is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by William Beaudine William Washington Beaudine (January 15, 1892 – March 18, 1970) was an American film director. He was one of Hol ...

'' (Beaudine, 1924) (screenplay, story) # '' The House of Youth'' (R. Ince, 1924) (writer) # '' The Only Woman'' (Olcott, 1924) (writer) # '' Idle Tongues'' (Hillyer, 1924) (adaptation) # ''

The Mirage The Mirage is a defunct casino resort on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The 65-acre property included a casino and 3,044 rooms. Mirage Resorts, Golden Nugget, Inc., led by developer Steve Wynn, purchased the future lan ...

'' (Archainbaud, 1924) (adaptation) # ''

Dynamite Smith ''Dynamite Smith'' is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Ralph Ince and written by C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars Charles Ray, Bessie Love, and Wallace Beery, and was distributed through Pathé Exchange. The film was presume ...

'' (R. Ince, 1924) (screenplay, story) # '' Cheap Kisses'' (R. Ince and Tate, 1925) (screenplay, story, producer) # '' The Monster'' (West, 1925) (titles) # '' Playing with Souls'' (R. Ince, 1925) (adaptation) # '' The Pinch Hitter'' (1925) (story) # '' Wild Justice'' (C. Franklin, 1925) (screenplay, story) # ''

Tumbleweeds A tumbleweed is a kind of plant habit or structure. Tumbleweed, tumble-weed or tumble weed may also refer to: Films * Tumbleweeds (1925 film), ''Tumbleweeds'' (1925 film), William S. Hart film * Tumbling Tumbleweeds (1935 film), ''Tumbling Tumble ...

'' (Baggot, 1925) (adaptation) # '' If Marriage Fails'' (J. Ince, 1926) (screenplay, story) # '' Three Faces East'' (Julian, 1926) (adaptation) # ''

Bachelor Brides ''Bachelor Brides'' is a 1926 American silent comedy film directed by William K. Howard and starring Rod La Rocque, Elinor Fair, and Eulalie Jensen. It is based on a 1925 British-set stage play of the same name by Charles Horace Malcolm. The ...

'' (Howard, 1926) (adaptation and scenario) # ''

Sparrows Sparrow may refer to: Birds * Old World sparrows, family Passeridae ** House sparrow, or ''Passer domesticus'' * New World sparrows, family Passerellidae * two species in the Passerine family Estrildidae: ** Java sparrow ** Timor sparrow * Hed ...

'' (Beaudine, 1926) (adaptation) # ''

Gigolo A gigolo ( ) is a male escort, call boy or social companion who is supported by a person in a continuing relationship. The term ''gigolo'' usually implies a man who adopts a lifestyle consisting of a number of such relationships serially rat ...

'' (Howard, 1926) (supervising story editor) ("C. Gardner Sullivan supervised this picture, which has been unusually well directed by William K. Howard.") # ''

Her Man o' War ''Her Man o' War'' is a 1926 American silent war drama film directed by Frank Urson and starring Jetta Goudal, William Boyd and Jimmie Adams.Goble p.240 The film's sets were designed by the art director Max Parker. Synopsis After being capt ...

'' (1926) (supervisor) # ''

The Clinging Vine ''The Clinging Vine'' is a 1926 American silent comedy film produced by Cecil B. DeMille and Paul Slone and directed by Sloane. It was distributed by DeMille's Producers Distributing Corporation.

'' (1926) (presenter) # ''

Corporal Kate ''Corporal Kate'' is a 1926 American silent film, silent romantic comedy film directed by Paul Sloane (director), Paul Sloane and starring Vera Reynolds and Julia Faye. The film was produced by C. Gardner Sullivan, with production at De Mille Pi ...

'' (1926) (supervisor) # ''

'' (Sedgwick, 1927) (writer) # ''

Turkish Delight Turkish delight, or lokum () is a family of confectionery, confections based on a gel of starch and sugar. Premium varieties consist largely of chopped dates, pistachios, hazelnuts or walnuts bound by the gel; traditional varieties are often fl ...

'' (1927) (supervisor) # ''

Vanity Vanity is the excessive belief in one's own abilities or attractiveness compared to others. Prior to the 14th century, it did not have such narcissistic undertones, and merely meant ''futility''. The related term vainglory is now often seen as ...

'' (supervisor) # '' The Yankee Clipper'' (1927) (producer) # ''

White Gold White gold is an alloy of gold and at least one white metal, usually nickel or palladium. Like yellow gold, the purity of white gold is given in carats (karats). It is often used on jewellery. A common white gold formulation consists of 90% wt ...

'' (1927) (producer) # '' Tempest'' (Taylor, 1928) (writer) # ''

The Woman Disputed ''The Woman Disputed'' is a 1928 American synchronized sound film. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects using both the sound-on-disc and sound-on-film process. The plot draws ...

'' (H. King and Taylor, 1928) (screenplay) # '' Sadie Thompson'' (Walsh, 1928) (titles, editor) # ''

Alibi An alibi (, from the Latin, '' alibī'', meaning "somewhere else") is a statement by a person under suspicion in a crime that they were in a different place when the offence was committed. During a police investigation, all suspects are usually a ...

'' (West, 1929) (screenplay) # '' The Locked Door'' (Fitzmaurice, 1929) (screen adaptation) # ''

'' (1930) (supervising story chief) # ''

What Men Want ''What Men Want'' is a 2019 American romantic comedy film directed by Adam Shankman and starring Taraji P. Henson, Aldis Hodge, Josh Brener, Erykah Badu, Richard Roundtree and Tracy Morgan. The film is a loose remake of the 2000 film ''What Wome ...

'' (1930) (supervising story editor) # '' Hell's Heroes'' (1930) (chief story supervisor) # '' The Cuban Love Song'' (Van Dyke, 1931) (screenplay) # ''

Huddle In sport, a huddle is the action of a team gathering together, usually in a tight circle, to strategize, motivate or celebrate. It is a popular strategy for keeping opponents insulated from sensitive information, and acts as a form of insulatio ...

'' (Wood, 1932) (dialogue continuity) # ''

Strange Interlude ''Strange Interlude'' is an experimental play in nine acts by American playwright Eugene O'Neill. It won the 1928 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. ''Strange Interlude'' is one of the few modern plays to make extensive use of a soliloquy technique, in ...

'' (Strange Interval) (Leonard, 1932) (dialogue continuity) # ''

Skyscraper Souls ''Skyscraper Souls'' is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic drama film starring Warren William, Anita Page, Maureen O'Sullivan, Gregory Ratoff, and Verree Teasdale. Directed by Edgar Selwyn, it is based on the 1931 novel ''Skyscraper'' by Fait ...

'' (Selwyn, 1932) (adaptation) # ''

Men Must Fight ''Men Must Fight'' is a 1933 American Pre-Code Hollywood, pre-Code drama film starring Diana Wynyard, Lewis Stone and Phillips Holmes. It is based on the 1932 Broadway play of the same name by Reginald Lawrence and S. K. Lauren.Hall, Mordaunt"Dia ...

'' (Selwyn, 1933) (writer) # '' Father Brown, Detective'' (Sedgwick, 1934) (writer) # '' Car 99'' (Barton, 1935) (screenplay) # ''

The Awakening of Jim Burke ''The Awakening of Jim Burke'' is a 1935 American drama film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by Michael L. Simmons. The film stars Jack Holt, Florence Rice, Jimmy Butler, Kathleen Burke, Robert Middlemass and Ralph Remley. The film was ...

'' (1935) (story, production supervisor) # '' Three Live Ghosts'' (Humberstone, 1936) (screenplay) # '' The Robin Hood of El Dorado'' (1936) (uncredited) # '' The Buccaneer'' (DeMille, 1938) (screenplay) # ''

Union Pacific The Union Pacific Railroad is a Class I freight-hauling railroad that operates 8,300 locomotives over routes in 23 U.S. states west of Chicago and New Orleans. Union Pacific is the second largest railroad in the United States after BNSF, ...

'' (DeMille, 1939) (screenplay) # '' North West Mounted Police'' (DeMille, 1940) (screenplay) # ''

'' (McLeod, 1942) (story) # '' The Buccaneer'' (1958) (based on Sullivan's 1938 screenplay)

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Sullivan, C. Gardner 1884 births 1965 deaths University of Minnesota alumni American male screenwriters People from Stillwater, Minnesota Screenwriters from Minnesota Film producers from Minnesota 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American screenwriters