Charles-Edward Amory Winslow (February 4, 1877 – January 8, 1957) was an American

bacteriologist A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology— a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically Pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic ones. Bacteriologists are interested in studying and learnin ...

and

public health Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the de ...

expert who was, according to the ''Encyclopedia of Public Health'', "a seminal figure in public health, not only in his own country, the United States, but in the wider Western world." Winslow was born in

Boston, Massachusetts Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...

and attended

Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of moder ...

(M.I.T.), obtaining a B.S. in 1898 and an M.S. in 1910. He began his career as a bacteriologist. He met Anne Fuller Rogers when they were students in William T. Sedgwick's laboratory at M.I.T., and married her in 1907. He taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology while heading the sewage experiment station from 1908 to 1910, then taught at the College of the City of New York from 1910 to 1914. He was the youngest charter member of the

Society of American Bacteriologists The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), originally the Society of American Bacteriologists, is a professional organization for scientists who study viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa as well as other aspects of microbiology. It wa ...

when that organization was founded in 1899. With

Samuel Cate Prescott Samuel Cate Prescott (April 5, 1872 – March 19, 1962) was an American food scientist and microbiologist who was involved in the development of food safety, food science, public health, and industrial microbiology. Early life Prescott was born i ...

he published the first American textbook on the elements of water bacteriology. In 1915 he founded the

Yale Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, and one of the nine colonial colleges ch ...

Department of Public Health within the

Yale Medical School The Yale School of Medicine is the medical school of Yale University, a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded in 1810 as the Medical Institution of Yale College and formally opened in 1813. It is the sixth-oldest m ...

, and he was professor and chairman of the Department until he retired in 1945. (The Department became the

Yale School of Public Health The Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) was founded in 1915 by Charles-Edward Amory Winslow and is one of the oldest public health masters programs in the United States. YSPH is both a department (established in 1915) within the school of medic ...

after accreditation was introduced in 1947.) During a time dominated by discoveries in bacteriology, he emphasized a broader perspective on causation, adopting a more holistic perspective. The department under his direction was a catalyst for health reform in Connecticut. He was the first director of Yale's J.B. Pierce Laboratory, serving from 1932 to 1957. Winslow was also instrumental in founding the

Yale School of Nursing The Yale School of Nursing (YSN) is the nursing school of Yale University, located in West Haven, Connecticut. It is among the top 20 graduate nursing schools in the country, according to the latest rankings by U.S. News & World Report (2024). In ...

. He was the first Editor-in-Chief of the ''

Journal of Bacteriology A journal, from the Old French ''journal'' (meaning "daily"), may refer to: *Bullet journal, a method of personal organization *Diary, a record of personal secretive thoughts and as open book to personal therapy or used to feel connected to onesel ...

'', serving in that position from 1916 to 1944. He was also the editor of the ''

American Journal of Public Health The ''American Journal of Public Health'' is a monthly peer-reviewed public health journal published by the American Public Health Association that covers health policy and public health. The journal was established in 1911 and its stated mission ...

'' from 1944 to 1954. He was the curator of public health at the American Museum of Natural History from 1910 to 1922. In 1926 he became president of the

American Public Health Association The American Public Health Association (APHA) is a Washington, D.C.–based professional membership and advocacy organization for public health professionals in the United States. APHA is the largest professional organization of public health pr ...

, and in the 1950s was a consultant to the

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Gen ...

Defining public health

In 1920, Winslow published a widely-cited definition of public health in ''

Science Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which stu ...

'', describing the field as "the science and the art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health. ..I look to see our health departments in the coming years organizing diverse forms of sanitary and medical and nursing and social service in such fashion as to enable every citizen to realize his birthright of health and longevity."

CEA Winslow Award

The C.-E.A. Winslow Award is presented to a public health professional that has demonstrated leadership and achievement in practice, research and /or education. The award commemorates Charles-Edward Amory Winslow (1877-1957), a pioneer in public health and medicine, who is credited with founding the second oldest school of public health in the country at Yale University. Among the most widely quoted health leaders during his lifetime, Dr. Winslow believed that equal in weight with scientific ideas about health and disease was a commitment to social justice – that social ills must be the first conquest in the "conquest of epidemic disease.” C.-E.A Winslow Award Recipients (1955-2015) *1955 - Friend Lee Mickle *1956 - CT PH Nursing Agencies Board *1957 - Ira V. Hiscock and Stanley H. Osborn *1958 -

Elizabeth Gordon Fox Elizabeth Gordon Fox (1884 — November 13, 1958) was an American Red Cross nurse, director of the Public Health Nursing Service during and after World War I. She was the twelfth American recipient of the Florence Nightingale Medal when it was aw ...

*1959 - M. Allen Pond *1960 - Alfred Burgdorf *1961 - John R. Paul *1962 - Hazel V. Dudley *1963 - Martha Clifford *1964 - Louis J. Dumont *1965 - Leonard F. Menczer *1966 - Warren J. Scott *1967 - Franklin M. Foote *1968 - Edward M. Cohart *1969 - Leonard Parente *1970 - Wilbur Johnston *1971 - Florence Austin *1972 - Mrs. Chase Going Woodhouse *1973 - Edwin Meiss *1974 - James Hart *1975 - Barbara Christine *1976 - Adrian Ostfield *1977 - Estelle Siker *1978 - Fred Adams *1979 - J. Wister Meigs *1981 - Robert W. McCollum *1984 - I. S. Falk *1985 - George Silver *1986 - Ralph Gofstein *1987 - Alvin Novik *1988 - Martha Leonard *1989 - Elizabeth Bellis *1990 - Ruth Abbott *1991 - Roslyn U. Fishman *1992 - John Glasgow *1994 - Susan Addiss *1995 - James F. Jekel *1996 - Virginia S. Humphrey *1997 - James L. Hadler *1998 - Cornell Scott/Katrina Clark *1999 - Holger Hansen *2000 - Richard F. Straub *2001 - Marge Nelligan *2002 - Alfreda Turner *2003 - Elaine O'Keefe *2004 - Paul M. Shur *2005 - Joan Segal *2006 - Ruth N. Knollmueller *2007 - Katherine A. Kelley *2008 - Elaine Anderson *2009 - Michael J. Perlin *2010 - Baker Salsbury *2011 - Shelley Diehl Geballe *2012 - Patricia J. Checko *2014 - William G. Faraclas *2015 -

Jeannette Ickovics Jeannette R. Ickovics is an American health and social psychologist. She is the inaugural Samuel and Liselotte Herman Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the Yale School of Public Health and Professor of Psychology at Yale Universit ...

*2016 - Debbie Humphries *2017 - Jennifer Kertanis

CEA Winslow The Translator

In 1896, he translated, from German, «

Heimat ''Heimat'' () is a German word translating to 'home' or 'homeland'. The word has connotations specific to German culture, German society and specifically German Romanticism, German nationalism, German statehood and regionalism so that it h ...

», a play in four acts by

Hermann Sudermann Hermann Sudermann (30 September 1857 – 21 November 1928) was a German dramatist and novelist. Life Early career Sudermann was born at Matzicken, a village to the east of Heydekrug in the Province of Prussia (now Macikai, in southwestern ...

, renamed « Magda » and played by

Henry Stephenson Harry Stephenson Garraway (16 April 1871 – 24 April 1956) was a British actor. He generally portrayed amiable and wise Gentleman, gentlemen in many films of the 1930s and 1940s. Among his roles were Joseph Banks, Sir Joseph Banks in ''Mutiny ...

and

Charles Waldron Charles Waldron (December 24, 1874 – March 4, 1946) was an American stage and film actor, sometimes credited as Charles Waldron Sr., Chas. Waldron Sr., Charles D. Waldron or Mr. Waldron. Early life He was born and grew up in Waterford, New Y ...

in a

Broadway theatre Broadway theatre,Although ''theater'' is generally the spelling for this common noun in the United States (see American and British English spelling differences#-re, -er, American and British English spelling differences), many of the List of ...

production in

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

Monographs

Winslow wrote nearly 600 articles and books on bacteriology, public health, sanitation, and health care administration. Among the more significant are: *''The Evolution and Significance of the Modern Public Health Campaign'' (1923) *''The Conquest of Epidemic Disease'' (1943) *''The History of American Epidemiology'' (1952).

References

External links

* Charles-Edward Amory Winslow papers (MS 749). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library

* *
Bibliography
{{DEFAULTSORT:Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory 1877 births 1957 deaths American microbiologists Yale University faculty Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni Environmental health practitioners Léon Bernard Foundation Prize laureates