Red-bodied swallowtails, or ruby swallowtail (due to the color), are

butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

in the swallowtail family, that belong to the genera ''Atrophaneura'', ''Byasa'', ''Losaria'', or ''Pachliopta''. They are generally found in

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

(

Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia. Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Ind ...

Collectors Collector(s) may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Collector (2011 film), ''Collector'' (2011 film), an Indian Malayalam film * Collector (2016 film), ''Collector'' (2016 film), a Russian film * Collectors (film), ''Collectors'' (film), a 2020 So ...

have found the red-bodied swallowtails difficult to kill. Pinching the

thorax The thorax (: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main di ...

, a method which kills most butterflies, is withstood and only stuns the butterfly temporarily.

Life history

The larvae resemble those of other

Troidini Troidini is a tribe of swallowtail butterflies that consists of some 135 species in 12 genera. Members of this tribe are superlatively large among butterflies (in terms of both wingspan and surface area) and are often strikingly coloured. Gener ...

. Fleshy spine-like tubercles, often with red tips, line the caterpillars' backs, and their bodies are dark red to brown and velvety black or shades of grey with a pattern of black lines. They feed on species of ''

Aristolochia ''Aristolochia'' () is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the type genus of the family Aristolochiaceae. Its members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are widespread and occur in the most diverse clim ...

'' and '' Thottea''. Chrysalids are camouflaged to look like a dead leaf or twig. They are attached by a girdle and an anal pad. Adults are nectar feeding. Many species of red-bodied swallowtails show

aposematism Aposematism is the Advertising in biology, advertising by an animal, whether terrestrial or marine, to potential predation, predators that it is not worth attacking or eating. This unprofitability may consist of any defenses which make the pr ...

, and serve as models for

Batesian mimicry Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both. It is named after the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates, who worked on butt ...

. The biology of ''

Pachliopta hector ''Atrophaneura Hector'', the crimson rose, is a large swallowtail butterfly belonging to the genus ''Pachliopta'' (roses) of the red-bodied swallowtails. It is recorded as a species of "Least Concern (LC)" by IUCN. Range It is found in Indi ...

'' and ''

Pachliopta aristolochiae ''Pachliopta aristolochiae'', the common rose, is a species of swallowtail butterfly belonging to the genus ''Pachliopta'', the roses, or red-bodied swallowtails. It is a common butterfly which is extensively distributed across South Asia, south ...

'' are well studied. File:Pachliopta hector egg sec.jpg, ''Pachliopta hector'' egg File:Common Rose Cat in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0052.jpg, ''Pachliopta aristolochiae'' larva File:ジャコウアゲハ蛹-1.jpg, ''Byasa alcinous'' pupa

Taxonomy

Species limits may be either narrow (many species - forma and subspecies raised to full or "good" species) or broad (fewer species - rank reduction) se
Jürgen Haffer
for a discussion.

Genera and species

Listed alphabetically within genera: genus: ''Atrophaneura'' Reakirt,

865 __NOTOC__ Year 865 ( DCCCLXV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * King Louis the German divides the East Frankish Kingdom among his three sons. Carloman receives Bavaria (with more l ...

/small> (earlier considered as the nominotypical subgenus of ''Atrophaneura'' but now it is a genus without subgenera) :*''

Atrophaneura aidoneus ''Atrophaneura aidoneus'', the lesser batwing, is an Asian species of butterfly that belongs to the batwings group of ''Atrophaneura'', comprising tailless black swallowtail butterflies. Description * Wingspan: 112–162 mm. * Male: Taille ...

'' (Doubleday, 1845) — lesser batwing :*''

Atrophaneura dixoni ''Atrophaneura dixoni'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found in northern and central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The wingspan is 130–150 mm. The wings are black. The underside of the hindwings have red patches whi ...

'' (Grose-Smith, 1900) :*''

Atrophaneura horishana ''Atrophaneura horishana'', the aurora swallowtail, is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found in Taiwan. The wingspan is 110–130 mm. The wings are black. The body has red hairs. There is a large red patch on the ...

'' (Matsumura, 1910) — aurora swallowtail :*''

Atrophaneura kuehni ''Atrophaneura kuehni'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae. It is found on Sulawesi, Indonesia. The male's dorsal side is black overall, the ventral side has a red patch. The female is brown with markings paler than the male. ...

'' (Honrath, 1886) :*''

Atrophaneura luchti ''Atrophaneura luchti'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to Indonesia (Java). ''Atrophaneura luchti'' is restricted to the mountains in the far east of Java. Little is known about this species which closely r ...

'' (Roepke, 1935) :*''

Atrophaneura nox ''Atrophaneura nox'', the Malayan batwing, is a papilionid butterfly found in Java, northern Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Description The species is black with blue metallic reflections. On the forewings the veins are shaded white. There are ...

'' (Swainson, 1822) — Malayan batwing :*''

Atrophaneura priapus ''Atrophaneura priapus'', the Priapus batwing or white-head batwing, is a swallowtail butterfly found in Burma, Malaysia, Sumatra, and Java. The subspecies ''A. p. hageni'' was named to honour Hermann August Hagen. It may be a full species. '' ...

'' (Boisduval, 1836) — Priapus batwing :*''

Atrophaneura semperi ''Atrophaneura semperi'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. It is the type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a typ ...

'' (C. & R. Felder, 1861) :*''

Atrophaneura schadenbergi ''Atrophaneura schadenbergi'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to the Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast ...

'' (Semper, 1891) :*''

Atrophaneura sycorax ''Atrophaneura sycorax'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found from southern Burma to Peninsular Malaysia, and in Sumatra and western Java. The wingspan is 130–140 mm. The wings are black. There is a wide du ...

'' (Grose-Smith, 1885) :*''

Atrophaneura varuna ''Atrophaneura varuna'', the common batwing, is a butterfly found in India and Southeast Asia that belongs to the swallowtail family, and more specifically, the batwings group of ''Atrophaneura'', comprising tailless black swallowtail butterflie ...

'' (White, 1842) — common batwing :*''

Atrophaneura zaleucus ''Atrophaneura zaleucus'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found in Burma. The wingspan is 100–110 mm. The wings are black. The body is covered in red hair. There are white markings on the hindwings. Etymolo ...

'' (Hewitson,

genus: ''Byasa'' Moore, 1882 (earlier considered as subgenus ''Byasa'' but now raised to genus level). :*'' Byasa adamsoni'' (Grose-Smith, 1886) — Adamson's rose :*''

Byasa alcinous ''Byasa alcinous'', the Chinese windmill, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. Description ''Byasa alcinous'' has a wingspan reaching about . The basic colour of the wings is black or dark brown. The hindwings have long tails and a chain o ...

'' (Klug, 1836) — Chinese windmill :*'' Byasa crassipes'' (Oberthür, 1893) — black windmill :*'' Byasa daemonius'' (Alphéraky, 1895) :*''

Byasa dasarada ''Byasa dasarada'', the great windmill, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the windmills genus, ''Byasa'', comprising tailed black Swallowtail butterfly, swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents. Range an ...

'' (Moore, 1857) — great windmill :*'' Byasa hedistus'' (Jordan, 1928) :*'' Byasa impediens'' (Rothschild, 1895) :*'' Byasa laos'' (Riley & Godfrey, 1921) :*'' Byasa latreillei'' (Donovan, 1826) — rose windmill :*'' Byasa mencius'' (C. & R. Felder, 1862) :*''

Byasa nevilli ''Byasa nevilli'', the Nevill's windmill, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the windmills genus (''Byasa''), comprising tailed black swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents. Range North east India (Ass ...

'' (Wood-Mason, 1882) — Nevill's windmill :*'' Byasa plutonius'' (Oberthür, 1876) — Chinese windmill :*'' Byasa polla'' (de Nicéville, 1897) — De Niceville's windmill :*'' Byasa polyeuctes'' (Doubleday, 1842) — common windmill :*'' Byasa rhadinus'' (Jordan, 1928) genus: ''Losaria'' Moore,

902 __NOTOC__ Year 902 (Roman numerals, CMII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Adalbert II, Margrave of Tuscany, Adalbert II, margrave of March of Tuscany, Tuscany, revol ...

/small> (earlier considered as subgenus ''Losaria'' but now raised to genus level) :*'' Losaria coon'' (Fabricius, 1793) — common clubtail :*'' Losaria palu'' (Martin, 1912) — Palu swallowtail - has been regarded a subspecies of ''A. coon''Hancook, D.L. (1982). ''A note on Atrophaneura palu (Martin) 1912.'' Papilo International. 1(3): 71-73 :*'' Losaria rhodifer'' (Butler, 1876) — Andaman clubtail :*'' Losaria neptunus'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1840) — yellow-bodied club-tail or yellow club-tail genus: ''Pachliopta'' Reakirt,

/small> (earlier considered as subgenus ''Pachliopta'' but now raised to genus level) :*'' Pachliopta adamas'' ( Zinken, 1831) :*''

'' (Fabricius, 1775) — common rose :*'' Pachliopta antiphus'' (Fabricius, 1793) :*''

Pachliopta atropos ''Pachliopta atropos'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to the Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. L ...

'' (Staudinger, 1888) :*''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) — crimson rose :*'' Pachliopta jophon'' (Gray,

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— Ceylon rose or Sri Lankan rose :*'' Pachliopta kotzebuea'' (Eschscholtz, 1821) — pink rose :*'' Pachliopta leytensis'' (Murayama, 1978) :*'' Pachliopta liris'' (Godart, 1819) :*'' Pachliopta mariae'' (Semper, 1878) :*'' Pachliopta oreon'' (Doherty, 1891) :*''

Pachliopta pandiyana Atrophaneura pandiyana, the Malabar rose or pandiyana's maculaturoviy machaon with white stripes , is a swallowtail butterfly belonging to the genus ''Pachliopta'', the roses or red-bodied swallowtails. It is an important endemic butterfly of s ...

'' (Moore, 1881) — Malabar rose :*'' Pachliopta phlegon'' (C. & R. Felder, 1864) :*'' Pachliopta polydorus'' (Linnaeus, 1763) — red-bodied swallowtail :*'' Pachliopta polyphontes'' (Boisduval, 1836) :*'' Pachliopta strandi'' (Bryk, 1930)

References

External links

Flickr
Correctly identified tagged photos

{{Taxonbar, from=Q737853 Atrophaneura Insect common names Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN