''Butyriboletus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

in the family

Boletaceae The Boletaceae are a Family (biology), family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenium, hymenial surface (at the underside of the mushroom), instead of Lamella (mycology), gills as are found ...

. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by mycologists

David Arora David Arora (born October 23, 1952)Barnard J. 1993. "Self-taught mushroom maven travels world for fungi". ''Associated Press'' December 31, 1993. Accessed 2008-01-20, via LexisNexis Academic. is an American mycologist, naturalist, and writer. He ...

and Jonathan L. Frank to accommodate "butter bolete" species that were shown by

molecular analysis Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or ...

to be phylogenetically distinct from ''

Boletus ''Boletus'' is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi, comprising over 100 species. The genus ''Boletus'' was originally broadly defined and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, essentially containing all fungi with hymenial pores instead of gills. ...

''. ''Butyriboletus'' contains 24

ectomycorrhiza An ectomycorrhiza (from Greek ἐκτός ', "outside", μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; ectomycorrhizas or ectomycorrhizae, abbreviated EcM) is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont, or mycobio ...

l species found in Asia, Europe, North America and north Africa. The group had earlier been classified as the

section Section, Sectioning, or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sig ...

''Appendiculati'' within the large genus ''Boletus''. They were given the common name "butter boletes" as the color of their stalk,

flesh Flesh is any aggregation of soft tissues of an organism. Various multicellular organisms have soft tissues that may be called "flesh". In mammals, including humans, ''flesh'' encompasses muscles, fats and other loose connective tissues, ...

and pores was similar to that of butter.

Genetic analysis Genetic analysis is the overall process of studying and researching in fields of science that involve genetics and molecular biology. There are a number of applications that are developed from this research, and these are also considered parts ...

published in 2013 shows that these species are part of a ''regius''

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

(named for '' B. regius''), distinct from the core group of the type species '' B. edulis'' and relatives within the

Boletineae The Boletineae are a suborder of the fungal order Boletales. Families in the Boletineae include the Boletaceae and the Paxillaceae. Taxa *Paxillaceae **'' Alpova'' **'' Austrogaster'' **'' Gyrodon'' **'' Hydnomerulius'' **'' Meiorganum'' **''Me ...

. The narrowing of ''Boletus'' to this latter group meant that this group would need to be placed in a separate genus, with ''Boletus appendiculatus'' (now ''

Butyriboletus appendiculatus ''Butyriboletus appendiculatus'' is an edible pored mushroom that grows under oaks and other broad leaved trees such as beech. It is commonly known as the butter bolete. It often grows in large colonies beneath the oak trees, and is frequently ...

'') designated as the

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

. The genus name itself is derived from the

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

''butyrum'' "butter". The butter boletes have red or brown caps, yellow pores and stipes that turn blue when cut or bruised in many species, and olive-brown spindle-shaped spores. Their flesh is usually mild tasting. ''

Butyriboletus roseoflavus ''Butyriboletus roseoflavus'' is a pored mushroom in the genus ''Butyriboletus'' found in Asia. It was originally described in 2013 as a species of ''Boletus'', but was transferred the following year to the newly created genus ''Butyriboletus ...

'' is a highly regarded edible mushroom sold in markets in southwestern and southeastern China, while two other species—'' B. yicibus'' and '' B. sanicibus''—are eaten to a lesser degree in

Yunnan Province Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...

Species

The following species are recognized, though more may yet be described from Japan, Mexico and China.

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q17311833 Boletales genera