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A butterfly roof (sometimes called a V roof) is a form of roof characterised by an inversion of a standard roof form, with two roof surfaces sloping down from opposing edges to a valley near the middle of the roof.The Free Dictionary definition
Retrieved 2016-04-09 It is so called because its shape resembles a butterfly's wings.Palm Springs Modernism – The Butterfly Effect, Morris Newman in Palm Springs Life, February 2009
Retrieved 2016-04-09 Butterfly roofs are commonly associated in the US with 20th century Mid-century modern architecture. They were also commonly used in Georgian and Victorian terraced house architecture of British cities, where they are alternatively termed "London" roofs. The form has no gutter as rainwater can run off the roof in no more than two locations, at either end of the valley, often into a scupper or downspout. The form may be symmetrical, with the valley located in the center, or asymmetrical with an off-center valley. The valley itself may be flat, with a central roof cricket diverting water towards the valley ends, or sloping if the entire roof form is tilted towards one end of the valley. The roof also allows for higher perimeter walls, with
Retrieved 2016-04-09 * 1930:
A butterfly roof (sometimes called a V roof) is a form of roof characterised by an inversion of a standard roof form, with two roof surfaces sloping down from opposing edges to a valley near the middle of the roof.Retrieved 2016-04-09 It is so called because its shape resembles a butterfly's wings.Palm Springs Modernism – The Butterfly Effect, Morris Newman in Palm Springs Life, February 2009
Retrieved 2016-04-09 Butterfly roofs are commonly associated in the US with 20th century Mid-century modern architecture. They were also commonly used in Georgian and Victorian terraced house architecture of British cities, where they are alternatively termed "London" roofs. The form has no gutter as rainwater can run off the roof in no more than two locations, at either end of the valley, often into a scupper or downspout. The form may be symmetrical, with the valley located in the center, or asymmetrical with an off-center valley. The valley itself may be flat, with a central roof cricket diverting water towards the valley ends, or sloping if the entire roof form is tilted towards one end of the valley. The roof also allows for higher perimeter walls, with
clerestory
In architecture, a clerestory ( ; , also clearstory, clearstorey, or overstorey) is a high section of wall that contains windows above eye level. Its purpose is to admit light, fresh air, or both.
Historically, ''clerestory'' denoted an upper l ...
windows allowing light penetration without impacting privacy.History
The modern butterfly roof is commonly credited to be the creation of William Krisel and Dan Palmer in the late 1950s inPalm Springs, California
Palm Springs (Cahuilla: ''Séc-he'') is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Colorado Desert's Coachella Valley. The city covers approximately , making it the largest city in Riverside County by land a ...
. It has been estimated that starting in 1957, they created nearly 2,000 houses in a series of developments that were popularly known as the Alexander Tract, which has been described by historian Alan Hess as "the largest Modernist housing subdivision in the United States." Krisel confirms that while his work popularized the form, he was not its originator.
Timeline
The timeline of the emergence of the butterfly roof:''Le Corbusier's Forgotten Design: SoCal's Iconic Butterfly Roof'', Marni Epstein-M3rvis in Curbed, December 22, 2014Retrieved 2016-04-09 * 1930:
Le Corbusier
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 188727 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier ( , , ), was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture. He was ...
, the Swiss-French architect, first used the butterfly roof form in his design of Maison Errazuriz, a vacation house in Chile.
* 1933: Antonin Raymond, the Czech-born architect, used this form on a house in Japan, whose design was featured in Architectural Record in 1934.
* 1943: Oscar Niemeyer designs and builds the Pampulha Yacht Club, in Belo Horizonte
Belo Horizonte (, ; ) is the sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population around 2.7 million and with a metropolitan area of 6 million people. It is the 13th-largest city in South America and the 18th-largest in the Americas. The metropol ...
, Brazil, which was widely published.
* 1945: Marcel Breuer used this form on his Geller House project in Long Island, New York, US.
* 1957: Krisel's first use of the form in Twin Palms neighborhood of Palm Springs, California, US.
See also
* List of roof shapesReferences
External links
{{Le Corbusier Roofs Structural system House styles Modernist architecture in the United States Modernist architecture Le Corbusier