Tussock grasses or bunch grasses are a group of grass species in the family

Poaceae Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivate ...

. They usually grow as singular plants in clumps, tufts, hummocks, or bunches, rather than forming a

sod Sod is the upper layer of turf that is harvested for transplanting. Turf consists of a variable thickness of a soil medium that supports a community of turfgrasses. In British and Australian English, sod is more commonly known as ''turf'', ...

lawn A lawn () is an area of soil-covered land planted with Poaceae, grasses and other durable plants such as clover lawn, clover which are maintained at a short height with a lawn mower (or sometimes grazing animals) and used for aesthetic an ...

, in

meadow A meadow ( ) is an open habitat or field, vegetated by grasses, herbs, and other non- woody plants. Trees or shrubs may sparsely populate meadows, as long as they maintain an open character. Meadows can occur naturally under favourable con ...

grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominance (ecology), dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes such as clover, and other Herbaceo ...

s, and prairies. As

perennial In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...

plants, most species live more than one season. Tussock grasses are often found as

forage Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term ''forage'' has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used m ...

pasture Pasture (from the Latin ''pastus'', past participle of ''pascere'', "to feed") is land used for grazing. Types of pasture Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, c ...

s and

ornamental grass Ornamental grasses are grasses grown as ornamental plants. Ornamental grasses are popular in many colder hardiness zones for their resilience to cold temperatures and aesthetic value throughout fall and winter seasons. Classifications Along ...

es in gardens. Many species have long roots that may reach or more into the soil, which can aid slope stabilization,

erosion control Erosion control is the practice of preventing or controlling wind or water erosion in agriculture, land development, coast, coastal areas, Bank (geography), river banks and construction. Effective erosion controls handle surface runoff and are ...

, and soil porosity for precipitation absorption. Also, their roots can reach moisture more deeply than other grasses and annual plants during seasonal or climatic droughts. The plants provide habitat and food for insects (including

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths. About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organ ...

), birds, small animals and larger

herbivore A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically evolved to feed on plants, especially upon vascular tissues such as foliage, fruits or seeds, as the main component of its diet. These more broadly also encompass animals that eat ...

s, and support beneficial soil

mycorrhiza A mycorrhiza (; , mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play ...

. The leaves supply material, such as for

basket weaving Basket weaving (also basketry or basket making) is the process of weaving or sewing pliable materials into three-dimensional artifacts, such as baskets, mats, mesh bags or even furniture. Craftspeople and artists specialized in making baskets ...

, for

indigenous peoples There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territ ...

and

contemporary art Contemporary art is a term used to describe the art of today, generally referring to art produced from the 1970s onwards. Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world. Their art is a ...

ists. Tussock and bunch grasses occur in almost any habitat where other grasses are found, including:

grasslands A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge ( Cyperaceae) and rush ( Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes such as clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur ...

savannas A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the Canopy (forest), canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient li ...

and

prairie Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the ...

wetlands A wetland is a distinct semi-aquatic ecosystem whose groundcovers are flooded or saturated in water, either permanently, for years or decades, or only seasonally. Flooding results in oxygen-poor ( anoxic) processes taking place, especially ...

and

estuaries An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environm ...

riparian zone A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. In some regions, the terms riparian woodland, riparian forest, riparian buffer zone, riparian corridor, and riparian strip are used to characterize a ripari ...

shrubland Shrubland, scrubland, scrub, brush, or bush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominance (ecology), dominated by shrubs, often also including grasses, herbaceous plant, herbs, and geophytes. Shrubland may either occur naturally o ...

s and

scrubland Shrubland, scrubland, scrub, brush, or bush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominance (ecology), dominated by shrubs, often also including grasses, herbaceous plant, herbs, and geophytes. Shrubland may either occur naturally o ...

woodland A woodland () is, in the broad sense, land covered with woody plants (trees and shrubs), or in a narrow sense, synonymous with wood (or in the U.S., the '' plurale tantum'' woods), a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunli ...

s and

forest A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a dense ecological community, community of trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, ...

montane Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures lapse rate, fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is ...

and

alpine Alpine may refer to any mountainous region. It may also refer to: Places Europe * Alps, a European mountain range ** Alpine states, which overlap with the European range Australia * Alpine, New South Wales, a Northern Village * Alpine National P ...

zones,

tundra In physical geography, a tundra () is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: #Arctic, Arctic, Alpine tundra, Alpine, and #Antarctic ...

and

dune A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a dune system or a dune complex. A large dune complex is called a dune field, while broad, flat ...

s, and

desert A desert is a landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions create unique biomes and ecosystems. The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to denudation. About one-third of the la ...

Fire resistance

In western North American

wildfire A wildfire, forest fire, or a bushfire is an unplanned and uncontrolled fire in an area of Combustibility and flammability, combustible vegetation. Depending on the type of vegetation present, a wildfire may be more specifically identified as a ...

s, bunch grasses tend to smolder and not ignite into flames, unlike

invasive species An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment. Invasive species adversely affect habitats and bioregions, causing ecological, environmental, and/or economic damage. The term can also be used for native spec ...

of annual grasses that contribute to a fire's spreading.

Genera

:Examples: *'' Alloteropsis'' (tropical climates) *''

Amphipogon ''Amphipogon'', the greybeard grasses, is a genus of Australian plants in the grass family. Species , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: ; Formerly included * ''Amphipogon humilis - Melanocenchris jacquemontii'' See ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Ancistrachne ''Ancistrachne'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. ; SpeciesBlake, Stanley Thatcher 1941. Papers from the Department of Biology, University of Queensland Papers 1(19): 4-6 * ''Ancistrachne ancylotricha'' (Quisumb. & Merr.) S.T.Blake - ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Andropogon ''Andropogon'' (common names: beard grass, bluestem grass, broomsedge) is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, native to much of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, as well as Southern Europe and various oceanic islands. Over 100 speci ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Aristida ''Aristida'' is a very nearly Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan genus of plants in the Poaceae, grass family. ''Aristida'' is distinguished by having three Awn (Botany), awns (bristles) on each lemma (botany), lemma of each floret. The gen ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Arundinella ''Arundinella'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, common in many tropical and subtropical regions.Phipps, J. B. 1967. Studies in the Arundinelleae (Gramineae). V. The series of the genus ''Arundinella''. Canadian Journal of Bot ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Astrebla ''Astrebla'' is a small genus of xerophytic (adapted to survive in an environment with little liquid water) grasses found only in Australia. They are the dominant grass across much of the continent. They are commonly known as Mitchell grass aft ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Bothriochloa ''Bothriochloa'' is a common and widespread genus of plants in the grass family native to many countries on all inhabited continents and many islands. They are often called beardgrass, bluegrass or bluestem. Some species are invasive in areas wh ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Cenchrus ''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands. Comm ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Chloris In Greek mythology, the name Chloris (; Greek Χλωρίς ''Chlōrís'', from χλωρός ''chlōrós'', meaning "greenish-yellow", "pale green", "pale", "pallid", or "fresh") appears in a variety of contexts. Some clearly refer to different ch ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Chrysopogon ''Chrysopogon'' is a genus of tropical and subtropical plants in the grass family. They are widespread across Eurasia, Africa, Australia, southeastern North America, and various islands. Species Source: Formerly included Source: Resear ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Cymbopogon ''Cymbopogon'', also known as lemongrass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, oily heads, Cochin grass, Malabar grass, citronella grass or fever grass, is a genus of Asian, African, Australian, and tropical island plants in the Poaceae, grass famil ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Dichanthium ''Dichanthium'', known commonly as bluestem or bluegrass, is a genus of African, Asian, and Australian plants in the grass family. Some species have become naturalized in the Americas and on various oceanic islands.Bhat, V., et alChapter 6: ''Di ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Digitaria ''Digitaria'' is a genus of plants in the grass family native to tropical and warm temperate regions but can occur in tropical, subtropical, and cooler temperate regions as well. Common names include crabgrass, finger-grass, and fonio. They ar ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Enteropogon ''Enteropogon'' is a genus of tropical and subtropical plants in the grass family. It is widespread across many parts of Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various islands.Eragrostis ''Eragrostis'' is a large and widespread genus of plants in the Poaceae, grass family, found in many countries on all inhabited continents and many islands. ''Eragrostis'' is commonly known as lovegrass or canegrass. The name of the genus is de ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Eriachne ''Eriachne'', commonly known as Wanderrie grass, is a genus of plants in the grass family. Most of the species are found only in Australia, with the ranges of a few extending northward into New Guinea, parts of Asia, and Micronesia. It is found ...

'' (tropical climates) *'' Eulalia'' (tropical climates) *''

Brachypodium ''Brachypodium'' is a genus of plants in the grass family, widespread across much of Africa, Eurasia, and Latin America. The genus is classified in its own tribe Brachypodieae. Flimsy upright stems form tussocks. Flowers appear in compact spi ...

'' (temperate climates) *''

Calamagrostis ''Calamagrostis'' (reed grass or smallweed) is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae, with about 260 species that occur mainly in temperate regions of the globe. Towards equatorial latitudes, species of ''Calamagrostis'' general ...

'' (temperate climates) *''

Chionochloa ''Chionochloa'' is a genus of tussock grass in the family Poaceae, found primarily in New Zealand with one known species in New Guinea and another on Lord Howe Island (part of Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Austr ...

'' (temperate climates) *''

Deschampsia ''Deschampsia'' is a genus of plants in the grass family Poaceae, commonly known as hair grass or tussock grass. The genus is widespread across many countries.Festuca ''Festuca'' (fescue) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae). They are evergreen or herbaceous perennial tufted grasses with a height range of and a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on ...

'' (temperate climates) *'' Heteropogon'' (tropical climates) *''

Leymus ''Leymus'' is a genus of plants in the grass family Poaceae (Gramineae). It is widespread across Europe, Asia, and the Americas. * '' Leymus aemulans'' - Xinjiang, Central Asia * '' Leymus ajanensis'' - Siberia, Russian Far East, Alaska * '' L ...

'' (temperate climates) *''

Leptochloa ''Leptochloa'' is a widespread genus of Asian, Australian, and American plants in the grass family. Members of the genus are commonly known as sprangletops. The generic name is derived from the Greek words ''leptos'', meaning "thin," and ''chloa ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Melica ''Melica'' is a genus of perennial grasses known generally as melic or melic grass. They are found in most temperate regions of the world. Melic grasses are clumping to short-rhizomatous grasses. They have flowering culms up to tall bearing ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Mnesithea ''Mnesithea'', or jointtail grass, is a genus of Asian, Australian, and Pacific Island plants in the grass family. The number of species placed in the genus varied considerably depending in large part on how the genus ''Coelorachis'' was treate ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Muhlenbergia ''Muhlenbergia'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. The genus is named in honor of the German-American amateur botanist Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (1753-1815). Many of the species are known by the common name muhly. The greatest ...

'' (temperate climates) *''

Nassella ''Nassella'', or needlegrass, is a New World genus of over 100 perennial bunchgrasses found from North America through South America. The Latin word ''nassa'' refers to "a basket with a narrow neck". It is usually considered segregate from the ge ...

'' (temperate climates) *'' Neurachne'' (tropical climates) *'' Ophiuros'' (tropical climates) *''

Oryza ''Oryza'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. It includes the major food crop rice (species '' Oryza sativa'' and '' Oryza glaberrima''). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to tall; the genus includes both annua ...

'' (tropical climates) *'' Oxychloris'' (tropical climates) *''

Panicum ''Panicum'' (panicgrass) is a large genus of about 250 species of Poaceae, grasses native throughout the tropical regions of the world, with a few species extending into the northern temperate zone. They are often large, Annual plant, annual or P ...

'' (tropical climates) *'' Paraneurachne'' (tropical climates) *''

Paspalidium ''Paspalidium'' (watercrown grass) is a formerly accepted genus of tropical and subtropical plants in the Poaceae, grass family. , Plants of the World Online treated it as a synonym of ''Setaria''. The genus included about 40 species of annuals ...

'' (tropical climates) *'' Sehima'' (tropical climates) *''

Sorghum ''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the Poaceae, grass genus ''Sorghum (genus), Sorghum'' cultivated for its grain. The grain i ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Sporobolus ''Sporobolus'' is a nearly cosmopolitan genus of plants in the grass family. The name ''Sporobolus'' means "seed-thrower", and is derived from Ancient Greek word (), meaning "seed", and the root of () "to throw", referring to the dispersion of ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Themeda ''Themeda'' is a genus of plants in the grass family native to Asia, Africa, Australia, and Papuasia. There are about 18Barkworth, M. E''Themeda''.Grass Manual. Flora of North America. to 26Potdar, G. G., et al. (2003)A new species of ''Themeda'' ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Stipa ''Stipa'' is a genus of 141 species of large Perennial plant, perennial hermaphrodite, hermaphroditic grasses collectively known as feather grass, needle grass, and spear grass. They are placed in the subfamily Pooideae and the tribe Stipeae, w ...

'' (temperate climates) *'' Triodia'', formerly ''Plectrachne'' (Australia) *'' Tripogon'' (tropical climates) *''

Triraphis ''Triraphis'' is a genus of African, Arabian, Australian, and Brazilian plants in the grass family. Needlegrass is a common name for plants in this genus. ; Species * '' Triraphis andropogonoides'' (Steud.) E.Phillips, - South Africa, Botswana, ...

'' (tropical climates) *''

Xerochloa ''Xerochloa'' is a genus of Australian and Southeast Asian plants in the grass family. ; Species * '' Xerochloa barbata'' R.Br. - Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland * '' Xerochloa imberbis'' R.Br. - rice grass - Thailand, Java, We ...

'' (tropical climates) *'' Yakirra'' (tropical climates) *'' Zygochloa'' (tropical climates)

Species

Australia

*'' Agrostis australiensis'' *''

Agrostis bettyae ''Agrostis'' (bent or bentgrass) is a large and very nearly cosmopolitan genus of plants in the grass family, found in nearly all the countries in the world. It has been bred as a GMO creeping bent grass. Species , Plants of the World Online a ...

'' *'' Agrostis muelleriana'' *'' Agrostis parviflora'' *'' Agrostis propinqua'' *''

Agrostis thompsoniae ''Agrostis'' (bent or bentgrass) is a large and very nearly cosmopolitan genus of plants in the grass family, found in nearly all the countries in the world. It has been bred as a GMO creeping bent grass. Species , Plants of the World Online a ...

'' *'' Agrostis venusta'' *'' Alloteropsis semialata'' *'' Amphibromus fluitans'' *'' Amphibromus macrorhinus'' *'' Amphibromus neesii'' *''

Amphibromus nervosus ''Amphibromus'' is a genus of grasses in the family Poaceae. Most are known as swamp wallaby grass.Thieret, J. W''Amphibromus''. Grass Manual. Flora of North America.Amphibromus pithogastrus'' *'' Amphibromus sinuatus'' *'' Amphibromus whitei'' *'' Amphipogon caricinus'' *'' Amphipogon caricinus'' *''

Ancistrachne maidenii ''Simonachne maidenii'' is a species of grass (in the family Poaceae) endemic to New South Wales. It is the sole species in genus ''Simonachne''. It is a scrambling perennial grass with slender, rigid horizontal stems and branches which ascend ...

'' *''

Ancistrachne uncinulata ''Ancistrachne uncinulata'', the hooked-hairy panic grass, is a grass (Poaceae family), and was first described in 1810 as ''Panicum uncinulatum'' by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773), Robert Brown, and then in 1941, was assigned to the genus, ...

'' *''

'' *'' Anisopogon avenaceus'' *'' Aristida acuta'' *'' Aristida anthoxanthoides'' *'' Aristida behriana'' *'' Aristida benthamii'' *'' Aristida blakei'' *'' Aristida calycina'' *''

Aristida caput-medusae ''Aristida'' is a very nearly cosmopolitan genus of plants in the grass family. ''Aristida'' is distinguished by having three awns (bristles) on each lemma of each floret. The genus includes about 300 species found worldwide, often in arid war ...

'' *'' Aristida contorta'' *'' Aristida echinata'' *'' Aristida gracilipes'' *''

Aristida helicophylla ''Aristida'' is a very nearly cosmopolitan genus of plants in the grass family. ''Aristida'' is distinguished by having three awns (bristles) on each lemma of each floret. The genus includes about 300 species found worldwide, often in arid war ...

'' *'' Aristida holathera'' *'' Aristida inaequiglumis'' *'' Aristida jerichoensis'' *'' Aristida latifolia'' *''

Aristida lazaridis ''Aristida'' is a very nearly cosmopolitan genus of plants in the grass family. ''Aristida'' is distinguished by having three awns (bristles) on each lemma of each floret. The genus includes about 300 species found worldwide, often in arid war ...

'' *'' Aristida leichhardtiana'' *'' Aristida leptopoda'' *'' Aristida lignosa'' *'' Aristida longicollis'' *'' Aristida muricata'' *'' Aristida nitidula'' *'' Aristida obscura'' *'' Aristida personata'' *'' Aristida platychaeta'' *'' Aristida pruinosa'' *'' Aristida psammophila'' *'' Aristida queenslandica'' *'' Aristida ramosa'' *'' Aristida spuria'' *'' Aristida strigosa'' *'' Aristida vagans'' *''

Aristida warburgii ''Aristida warburgii'' is a species of grass (in the family Poaceae) that is native to New South Wales and Queensland. It was first described by Carl Christian Mez in 1921 from a specimen collected near Maryborough, Queensland. The species epith ...

'' *''

Arundinella nepalensis ''Arundinella'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, common in many tropical and subtropical regions.Phipps, J. B. 1967. Studies in the Arundinelleae (Gramineae). V. The series of the genus ''Arundinella''. Canadian Journal of Bot ...

'' *'' Astrebla elymoides'' *'' Astrebla lappacea'' *'' Astrebla pectinata'' *'' Astrebla squarrosa'' *'' Australopyrum pectinatum'' *''Australopyrum retrofractum'' *''Australopyrum velutinum'' *''Austrostipa acrociliata'' *''Austrostipa aristiglumis'' *''Austrostipa bigeniculata'' *''Austrostipa blackii'' *''Austrostipa densiflora'' *''Austrostipa drummondii'' *''Austrostipa elegantissima'' *''Austrostipa eremophila'' *''Austrostipa flavescens'' *''Austrostipa gibbosa'' *''Austrostipa metatoris'' *''Austrostipa mollis'' *''Austrostipa nitida'' *''Austrostipa nivicola'' *''Austrostipa nodosa'' *''Austrostipa nullanulla'' *''Austrostipa platychaeta'' *''Austrostipa puberula'' *''Austrostipa pubescens'' *''Austrostipa pubinodis'' *''Austrostipa ramosissima'' *''Austrostipa rudis'' *''Austrostipa scabra'' *''Austrostipa semibarbata'' *''Austrostipa setacea'' *''Austrostipa stipoides'' *''Austrostipa stuposa'' *''Austrostipa trichophylla'' *''Austrostipa tuckeri'' *''Austrostipa variabilis'' *''Austrostipa verticillata'' *''Austrostipa wakoolica'' *''Bothriochloa biloba'' *''Bothriochloa bladhii'' *''Bothriochloa decipiens'' *''Bothriochloa erianthoides'' *''Bothriochloa ewartiana'' *''Bothriochloa macra'' *''Bromus arenarius'' *''Capillipedium parviflorum'' *''Capillipedium spicigerum'' *''Cenchrus caliculatus'' *''Chionochloa frigida'' *''Chloris divaricata'' *''Chloris pectinata'' *''Chloris truncata'' *''Chloris ventricosa'' *''Chrysopogon fallax'' *''Chrysopogon filipes'' *''Chrysopogon sylvaticus'' *''Cleistochloa rigida'' *''Cleistochloa subjuncea'' *''Cymbopogon ambiguus'' *''Cymbopogon bombycinus'' *''Cymbopogon obtectus'' *''Cymbopogon refractus'' *''Dactyloctenium radulans'' *''Deschampsia cespitosa'' *''Deyeuxia accedens'' *''Deyeuxia acuminata'' *''Deyeuxia affinis'' *''Deyeuxia angustifolia'' *''Deyeuxia appressa'' *''Deyeuxia brachyathera'' *''Deyeuxia carinata'' *''Deyeuxia contracta'' *''Deyeuxia crassiuscula'' *''Deyeuxia decipiens'' *''Deyeuxia densa'' *''Deyeuxia gunniana'' *''Deyeuxia imbricata'' *''Deyeuxia innominata'' *''Deyeuxia mckiei'' *''Deyeuxia mesathera'' *''Deyeuxia microseta'' *''Deyeuxia monticola'' *''Deyeuxia nudiflora'' *''Deyeuxia parviseta'' *''Deyeuxia quadriseta'' *''Deyeuxia reflexa'' *''Deyeuxia rodwayi'' *''Deyeuxia scaberula'' *''Dicanthium fecundum'' *''Dichanthium sericeum'' *''Dichanthium setosum'' *''Dichanthium tenue'' *''Dichelachne crinita'' *''Dichelachne hirtella'' *''Dichelachne inaequiglumis'' *''Dichelachne micrantha'' *''Dichelachne parva'' *''Dichelachne rara'' *''Dichelachne sieberiana'' *''Digitaria ammophila'' *''Digitaria breviglumis'' *''Digitaria brownii'' *''Digitaria coenicola'' *''Digitaria divaricatissima'' *''Digitaria hubbardii'' *''Digitaria hystrichoides'' *''Digitaria leucostachya'' *''Digitaria parviflora'' *''Digitaria porrecta'' *''Digitaria ramularis'' *''Diplachne fusca'' *''Diplachne muelleri'' *''Diplachne parviflora'' *''Echinochloa colona'' *''Echinochloa inundata'' *''Echinochloa lacunaria'' *''Echinochloa telmatophila'' *''Echinopogon caespitosus'' *''Echinopogon cheelii'' *''Echinopogon intermedius'' *''Echinopogon mckiei'' *''Echinopogon nutans'' *''Echinopogon ovatus'' *''Echinopogon phleoides'' *''Elymus fertilis'' *''Elymus multiflorus'' *''Elymus rectisetus'' *''Elymus scaber'' *''Elytrophorus spicatus'' *''Enneapogon avenaceus'' *''Enneapogon cylindricus'' *''Enneapogon gracilis'' *''Enneapogon intermedius'' *''Enneapogon lindleyanus'' *''Enneapogon nigricans'' *''Enneapogon polyphyllus'' *''Enneapogon truncatus'' *''Enteropogon acicularis'' *''Enteropogon ramosus'' *''Enteropogon unispiceus'' *''Entolasia marginata'' *''Entolasia stricta'' *''Entolasia whiteana'' *''Eragrostis alveiformis' *''Eragrostis australasica'' *''Eragrostis basedowii'' *''Eragrostis benthamii'' *''Eragrostis brownii'' *''Eragrostis desertorum'' *''Eragrostis dielsii'' *''Eragrostis elongata'' *''Eragrostis eriopoda'' *''Eragrostis exigua'' *''Eragrostis falcata'' *''Eragrostis fallax'' *''Eragrostis interrupta'' *''Eragrostis kennedyae'' *''Eragrostis lacunaria'' *''Eragrostis laniflora'' *''Eragrostis lehmanniana'' *''Eragrostis leptocarpa'' *''Eragrostis leptostachya'' *''Eragrostis megalosperma'' *''Eragrostis microcarpa'' *''Eragrostis parviflora'' *''Eragrostis pergracilis'' *''Eragrostis pubescens'' *''Eragrostis setifolia'' *''Eragrostis sororia'' *''Eragrostis spartinoides'' *''Eragrostis speciosa'' *''Eragrostis tenellula'' *''Eragrostis trachycarpa'' *''Eragrostis xerophila'' *''Eremochloa bimaculata'' *''Eriachne aristidea'' *''Eriachne benthamii'' *''Eriachne glabrata'' *''Eriachne glauca'' *''Eriachne helmsii'' *''Eriachne mucronata'' *''Eriachne obtusa'' *''Eriachne pallescens'' *''Eriochloa australiensis'' *''Eriochloa crebra'' *''Eriochloa procera'' *''Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha'' *''Eulalia aurea'' *''Festuca asperula'' *''Festuca muelleri'' *''Glyceria australis'' *''Glyceria latispicea'' *''Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus'' – button grass *''Heteropogon contortus'' *''Hierochloe rariflora'' *''Hierochloe redolens'' *''Homopholis belsonii'' *''Hookerochloa hookeriana'' *''Hyparrhenia filipendula'' *''Imperata cylindrica'' *''Isachne globosa'' *''Iseilema membranaceum'' *''Iseilema vaginiflorum'' *''Joycea pallida'' – red anther wallaby grass *''Lachnagrostis aemula'' *''Lachnagrostis aequata'' *''Lachnagrostis billardierei'' *''Lachnagrostis filiformis'' *''Lachnagrostis meionectes'' *''Leptochloa decipiens'' *''Leptochloa digitata'' *''Leptochloa divaricatissima'' *''Leptochloa peacockii'' *''Microlaena stipoides'' *''Monachather paradoxus'' *''Neurachne munroi'' *''Notochloe microdon'' *''Oxychloris scariosa'' *''Panicum buncei'' *''Panicum decompositum'' *''Panicum effusum'' *''Panicum laevinode'' *''Panicum paludosum'' *''Panicum queenslandicum'' *''Panicum simile'' *''Paractaenum novae-hollandiae'' *''Paspalidium albovillosum'' *''Paspalidium aversum'' *''Paspalidium breviflorum'' *''Paspalidium caespitosum'' *''Paspalidium constrictum'' *''Paspalidium criniforme'' *''Paspalidium distans'' *''Paspalidium gausum'' *''Paspalidium globoideum'' *''Paspalidium gracile'' *''Paspalidium grandispiculatum'' *''Paspalidium jubiflorum'' *''Paspalidium rarum'' *''Paspalum longifolium'' *''Paspalum orbiculare'' *''Pentapogon quadrifidus'' *''Perotis rara'' *''Phragmites australis'' *''Plagiosetum refractum'' *''Plinthanthesis paradoxa'' *''Plinthanthesis urvillei'' *''Poa affinis'' *''Poa cheelii'' *''Poa clivicola'' *''Poa costiniana'' *''Poa ensiformis'' *''Poa fawcettiae'' *''Poa fax'' *''Poa fordeana'' *''Poa helmsii'' *''Poa hiemata'' *''Poa hookeri'' *''Poa induta'' *''Poa labillardierei'' – common tussock-grass *''Poa meionectes'' *''Poa petrophila'' *''Poa phillipsiana'' *''Poa poiformis'' *''Poa queenslandica'' *''Poa saxicola'' *''Poa sieberiana'' – grey tussock-grass *''Poa tenera'' *''Poa triodioides'' (syn. ''Austrofestuca littoralis'') *''Potamophila parviflora'' *''Puccinellia stricta'' *''Rytidosperma australe'' *''Rytidosperma nivicola'' *''Rytidosperma nudiflorum'' *''Rytidosperma oreophilum'' *''Rytidosperma procerum'' *''Rytidosperma pumilum'' *''Rytidosperma vickeryae'' *''Sacciolepis indica'' *''Schizachyrium fragile'' *''Setaria paspalidioides'' *''Setaria surgens'' *''Sorghum leiocladum'' *''Sporobolus actinocladus'' *''Sporobolus caroli'' *''Sporobolus contiguus'' *''Sporobolus creber'' *''Sporobolus diander'' *''Sporobolus disjunctus'' *''Sporobolus elongatus'' *''Sporobolus laxus'' *''Sporobolus sessilis'' *''Tetrarrhena juncea'' *''Thellungia advena'' *''Themeda avenacea'' *''Themeda triandra'' *''Thyridolepis mitchelliana'' *''Thyridolepis xerophila'' *''Tragus australianus'' *''Tripogon loliiformis'' *''Triraphis mollis'' *''Trisetum spicatum'' *''Uranthoecium truncatum'' *''Urochloa gilesii'' *''Urochloa notochthona'' *''Urochloa piligera'' *''Urochloa praetervisa'' *''Urochloa subquadripara'' *''Walwhalleya proluta'' *''Walwhalleya subxerophila'' *''Yakirra australiensis'' *''Zygochloa paradoxa''

New Zealand

*''Chionochloa australis'' – carpet grass *''Chionochloa flavescens'' – snow tussock *''Chionochloa oreophila'' – snow-patch grass *''Chionochloa rubra'' – red tussock *''Festuca novaezelandiae'' – fescue tussock or hard tussock *''Poa cita'' – silver tussock *''Poa colensoi'' – blue tussock *''Poa foliosa'' – muttonbird poa

North America

:Bunch grasses: * ''Aristida purpurea'' – purple three-awn * ''Bouteloua gracilis'' – blue grama * ''Calamagrostis foliosa'' – leafy reedgrass (Endemism, endemic to California) * ''Calamagrostis nutkaensis'' – Pacific reedgrass * ''Calamagrostis purpurascens'' – purple reedgrass * ''Danthonia californica'' – California oatgrass * ''Eriophorum vaginatum'' – hare's-tail cottongrass * ''Festuca californica'' – California fescue * ''Festuca idahoensis'' – Idaho fescue * ''Festuca rubra'' – red fescue * ''Koeleria macrantha'' – junegrass * ''Leymus condensatus'' – giant wildrye * ''Melica californica'' – California melic * ''Melica imperfecta'' – smallflower melic * ''Muhlenbergia rigens'' – deer grass * ''Nassella lepida'' – foothill needlegrass * ''Nassella pulchra'' – purple needlegrass (the state grass of California) * ''Poa secunda'' – pine bluegrass * ''Sporobolus heterolepis'' – prairie dropseed * ''Sporobolus virginicus'' – salt couch grass * ''Tripsacum dactyloides'' – eastern gamagrass

South America

*''Deschampsia cespitosa'' – tufted hair-grass (up through North America) *''Nassella trichotoma'' – serrated tussock (common pasture weed in Australia) *''Poa flabellata'' – tussac grass (Synonym (taxonomy), synonyms: ''Parodiochloa flabellata'', ''Festuca flabellata'', ''Dactylis caespitosa'')

Africa

*''Heteropogon contortus'' – perennial tussock grass (to Asia, Australasia, Oceania)

Europe

*''Ampelodesmos mauritanicus'' – rope grass *''Brachypodium sylvaticum'' – false-brome *''Molinia caerulea'' – purple moor grass (to west Asia and north Africa)

References

External links

California Native Grasslands Association
Bunchgrass species & habitats: preservation & restoration * http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/plants/grass-key {{Authority control Grasses Biogeography Poaceae Grasslands

Fire resistance

Genera

Species

Australia

New Zealand

North America

South America

Africa

Europe

See also

Non-Poaceae tussocks

References

External links