The Bulgarian Revival (, ''Balgarsko vazrazhdane'' or simply: Възраждане, ''Vazrazhdane'', and ), sometimes called the Bulgarian National Revival, was a period of socio-economic development and national integration among

Bulgarian people Bulgarians (, ) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and its neighbouring region, who share a common Bulgarian ancestry, culture, history and language. They form the majority of the population in Bulgaria, while in No ...

under Ottoman rule. It is commonly accepted to have started with the historical book, ''

Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya ''Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya'' ( Original Cyrillic: Истори́ѧ славѣноболгарскаѧ corrected from Їстори́ѧ славѣноболгарскаѧ; ) is a book by Bulgarian scholar and clergyman Saint Paisius of Hilen ...

'', written in 1762 by

Paisius Païsius or Païsios is a given name. Notable people with the name include: Saints * Pishoy or Bishoy, 320-417 AD, an Egyptian desert father and Christian saint; Παΐσιος Paisios is the Greek form and Paisius the Latin form * Saint Paisius o ...

, a Bulgarian monk of the

Hilandar The Hilandar Monastery (, , , ) is one of the twenty Eastern Orthodox monasteries in Mount Athos in Greece and the only Serbian Orthodox monastery there. It was founded in 1198 by two Serbs from the Grand Principality of Serbia, Stefan Neman ...

monastery at

Mount Athos Mount Athos (; ) is a mountain on the Athos peninsula in northeastern Greece directly on the Aegean Sea. It is an important center of Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodox monasticism. The mountain and most of the Athos peninsula are governed ...

, leading to the

National awakening of Bulgaria The National awakening of Bulgaria refers to the Bulgarian nationalism that emerged in the early 19th century under the influence of western ideas such as liberalism and nationalism, which trickled into the country after the French Revolution, ...

and the modern Bulgarian nationalism, and lasting until the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878 as a result of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.

Characteristics

The period is remarkable for its characteristic architecture which can still be observed in old Bulgarian towns such as

Tryavna Tryavna ( ) is a town in central Bulgaria, situated in the northern slopes of the Balkan range, on the Tryavna river valley, near Gabrovo. It is famous for its textile industry and typical National Revival architecture, featuring 140 cultural m ...

Koprivshtitsa Koprivshtitsa (, pronounced , from the Bulgarian word , ''kopriva'', meaning "Urtica, nettle") is a List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, historic town in the Koprivshtitsa Municipality in Sofia Province, central Bulgaria, lying on the Topolnit ...

and

Veliko Tarnovo Veliko Tarnovo (, ; "Great Tarnovo") is a city in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province. It is the historical and spiritual capital of Bulgaria. Often referred to as the "''City of the Tsars''", Velik ...

, the rich literary heritage of authors like

Ivan Vazov Ivan Minchov Vazov (; – 22 September 1921) was a Bulgarian poet, novelist, and playwright, often referred to as "the Patriarch of Bulgarian literature". He was born in Sopot, a town in the Rose Valley of Bulgaria (then part of the Ottoman Em ...

and

Hristo Botev Hristo Botev (, ), born Hristo Botyov Petkov (Христо Ботьов Петков; – ), was a Bulgarian revolutionary and poet. Botev is considered by Bulgarians to be a symbolic historical figure and national hero. His poetry is a prim ...

that inspired the Bulgarian struggle for independence and an autonomous church, and the

April Uprising of 1876 The April Uprising () was an insurrection organised by the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire from April to May 1876. The rebellion was suppressed by irregular military, irregular Ottoman bashi-bazouk units that engaged in indiscriminate slaught ...

, a significant event of armed opposition to Ottoman rule, which ultimately led to the Russo-Turkish Liberation War of 1877–1878. The significant changes in the Bulgarian society, the freedom of economic initiative and religious choice led to the formation of the Bulgarian nation in its ethnic borders and common territory embracing the lands of

Moesia Moesia (; Latin: ''Moesia''; ) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River. As a Roman domain Moesia was administered at first by the governor of Noricum as 'Civitates of Moesia and Triballi ...

(including

Dobruja Dobruja or Dobrudja (; or ''Dobrudža''; , or ; ; Dobrujan Tatar: ''Tomrîğa''; Ukrainian language, Ukrainian and ) is a Geography, geographical and historical region in Southeastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century betw ...

Thrace Thrace (, ; ; ; ) is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe roughly corresponding to the province of Thrace in the Roman Empire. Bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Se ...

and

Macedonia Macedonia (, , , ), most commonly refers to: * North Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe, known until 2019 as the Republic of Macedonia * Macedonia (ancient kingdom), a kingdom in Greek antiquity * Macedonia (Greece), a former administr ...

. The Bulgarian

National Revival National revival or national awakening is a period of ethnic self-consciousness that often precedes a political movement for national liberation but that can take place at a time when independence is politically unrealistic. In the history of Euro ...

is traditionally divided into three periods, the first from the 18th until the beginning of the 19th century (

Bulgarian National Awakening The Bulgarian National Awakening () is the initial period of the Bulgarian National Revival in the history of Bulgaria, from the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Ottoman coups of 1807–08. During this historical period of enlightenment (''The Age of ...

), the second from the Ottoman reforms of the 1820s to the 1850s until the

Crimean War The Crimean War was fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Second French Empire, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont fro ...

, and the third from the Crimean War until the

Liberation of Bulgaria The Liberation of Bulgaria is the historical process as a result of the Bulgarian Revival. In Bulgarian historiography, the liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the Tenth Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) that led to the re-establishme ...

in 1878. The beginning of the Bulgarian National Revival has been a topic of intensified discussion in the past. According to contemporaries of the period, it began in the 1820s. Later

Marin Drinov Marin Stoyanov Drinov (, ; 20 October 1838 – 13 March 1906) was a Bulgarian historian and Philology, philologist from the Bulgarian National Revival, National Revival period who lived and worked in Russia through most of his life. He was one o ...

suggested the actual beginning was marked by the writing of ''

'' by Paisius of Hilendar. According to an even later assumption by

Hristo Gandev Hristo Gandev (Христо Гандев; December 25, 1907, Veliko Tarnovo - July 27, 1987, Sofia Sofia is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at th ...

, the period began in the beginning of the 17th century after the end of the

Köprülü era The Köprülü era () (c. 1656–1703) was a period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were frequently dominated by a series of grand viziers from the Köprülü family. The Köprülü era is sometimes more narrowly defined as the period fr ...

and the beginning of the Tulip period and the rule of the Phanariots. The prevailing opinion in contemporary

historiography Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline. By extension, the term ":wikt:historiography, historiography" is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiog ...

is that the Bulgarian National Revival's beginning is marked by the first clear processes of decomposition in the Ottoman Empire. The

April Uprising The April Uprising () was an insurrection organised by the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire from April to May 1876. The rebellion was suppressed by irregular Ottoman bashi-bazouk units that engaged in indiscriminate slaughter of both rebels ...

led to the liberation and the end of the Revival. It is universally accepted that the Bulgarian National Revival ended with the Liberation of Bulgaria. This is meant only to include the

Principality of Bulgaria The Principality of Bulgaria () was a vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. It was established by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. After the Russo-Turkish War ended with a Russian victory, the Treaty of San Stefano was signed ...

, as revival processes continued until later in

Eastern Rumelia Eastern Rumelia (; ; ) was an autonomous province (''oblast'' in Bulgarian, ''vilayet'' in Turkish) of the Ottoman Empire with a total area of , which was created in 1878 by virtue of the Treaty of Berlin (1878), Treaty of Berlin and ''de facto'' ...

and Macedonia.

Notable figures

Bulgarian Enlighteners and Revolutionaries

* Yankul Hrelyovski (first half of the 18th century) * Yosif Bradati (1714-1789) *

Paisius of Hilendar Saint Paisius of Hilendar or Paìsiy Hilendàrski () (1722–1773) was a Bulgarian Orthodox clergyman and a key Bulgarian National Revival figure. He is most famous for being the author of '' Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya'' (1762), the first signi ...

(1722 - 1773) *

Sophronius of Vratsa Saint Sophronius of Vratsa (or Sofroniy Vrachanski; ; 1739–1813), born Stoyko Vladislavov (), was a Bulgarian cleric and one of the leading figures of the early Bulgarian National Revival. Biography Vladislavov was born in the town of Kotel i ...

(1739 - 1813) *

Spiridon Gabrovski Spiridon Gabrovski (1740; Gabrovo – 1824; Rila monastery), also known as Spiridon Rilski, was a Bulgarian clergyman and activist of the Bulgarian National Awakening in the Ottoman Empire. Gabrovski was born in Gabrovo in 1740. He worked on Mou ...

(1740 - 1824) * Stoyan Kovanlashki * Puncho Kuzdin * Yosif Hilendarets * Todor Vrachanski * Aleksi Velkovich Popovich * Doyno Gramatik * Dimitraki Hadjitoshev * Nikifor of Rila * Yoakim Karchovski (1750 - 1820) * Indzhe Voyvoda (1755 - 1821) *

Kiril Peychinovich Kiril Peychinovich or Kiril Pejčinović (, , , Church Slavonic: Күриллъ Пейчиновићь; – 7 March 1845) was a Bulgarian cleric, writer and enlightener, one of the first supporters of the use of modern Bulgarian (as oppos ...

(1770 - 1865) * Todor of Pirdop (1775 - 1850) * Nikola Karastoyanov (1778 - 1874) * Rayno Popovich (1783 - 1858) *

Neofit Bozveli Neofit Bozveli () (c. 1785 – 4 June 1848) was a Bulgarian cleric and enlightener and one of the leaders of the Bulgarian Church struggle. He was born in the lively sub-Balkan town of Kotel. Bozveli completed his basic education there and may w ...

(c. 1785 - 1848) *

Joseph Sokolsky Joseph Sokolsky (, Gabrovo, Ottoman Empire 1786 – died in Kiev, Russian Empire, 30 September 1879) was the first senior Eastern Orthodox Bulgarian clergyman to convert to Catholicism, thus becoming a pioneer of the Bulgarian Byzantine Catholic ...

(1786 - 1879) * Vasil Aprilov (1789 – 1847) * Konstantin Fotinov (1790 - 1858) *

Neofit Rilski Neofit Rilski () or Neophyte of Rila (born Nikola Poppetrov Benin; 1793 – January 4, 1881) was a 19th-century Bulgarian monk, teacher and artist, and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival. Biography He was born in the south ...

(1793 - 1881) * Traycho Doychinovich *

Petar Beron Petar Beron () (c. 1799, Kotel – 21 March 1871) was a Bulgarian educator, teacher, doctor, maecenas, and author. He created the first modern Bulgarian primer, known as the '' Fish Primer'' (Рибен буквар, ''Riben bukvar'') due to ...

(1799 – 1871) *

Kolyu Ficheto Nikola Fichev (; 1800 in Direnova, Ottoman Empire – 1881 in Veliko Tarnovo, Principality of Bulgaria), commonly known as Kolyo Ficheto () or with his Turkish honorific Usta (Master) Kolyo Ficheto, was a Bulgarian National Revival architect, bu ...

(1800 - 1881) * Hristaki Pavlovich (1804 – 1848) * Ilyo Voyvoda (1805 – 1898) * Zahari Krusha (1808 - 1881) * Dimitar Smrikarov (1810 - 1876) *

Zahari Zograf Zahariy Hristovich Dimitrov () (1810–1853), better known as Zahari Zograf (or Zahariy Zograf; Захари(й) Зограф) is a famous Bulgarian painter of the Bulgarian National Revival, noted for his church mural paintings and depictions o ...

(1810–1853) * Miladinovi Brothers - Dimitar Miladinov (1810–1862) and Konstantin Miladinov (1830–1862 * Alexander Exarch (1810 - 1891) *

Ilarion Makariopolski Hilarion of Makariopolis ( ''Ilarion Makariopolski'', , born Stoyan Stoyanov Mihaylovski, ; 1812–1875) was a 19th-century Bulgarian cleric and one of the leaders of the struggle for an autonomous Bulgarian church. He was born in Elena in 181 ...

(1812 - 1875) * Anthim I (1816 - 1888) * Parteniy Zografski (1818 – 1876) * Nikola Obrazopisov (1828 - 1915) * Ivan Bogorov (1818–1892) *

Georgi Rakovski Georgi Stoykov Rakovski () (1821 – 9 October 1867), known also Georgi Sava Rakovski (), born Sabi Stoykov Popovich (), was a 19th-century Bulgarian revolutionary, freemason, writer and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival a ...

(1821 – 1867) * Stanislav Dospevski (1823 - 1878) *

Nayden Gerov Nayden Gerov (), born Nayden Gerov Hadzhidobrevich () February 23, 1823, Koprivshtitsa – October 9, 1900, Plovdiv) was a Bulgarian linguist, folklorist, writer and public figure during the Bulgarian National Revival. Gerov was the son of Ger ...

(1823 – 1900) *

Nedelya Petkova Nedelya Petkova (; 1826–1894), known as well as Baba Nedelya (Grandmother Nedelya), was a Bulgarian pioneer in promoting girls' education as well as a revolutionary. In 1858 she began teaching girls and developed a school system for girls across ...

(Baba Nedelya, Grandma Nedelya) (1826 - 1894) * '' Roumena Voyvoda'' (1829 - 1862 or 1895) * Filip Totyu (1830 - 1907) *

Panayot Hitov Panayot Ivanov Hitov () (November 11, 1830 – February 22, 1918) was a Bulgarian ''haidoutin (hajduk)'', national revolutionary and voivoda. Born in 1830 in Sliven (known as İslimiye at the time), he became a haidoutin in Georgi Trankin's band ...

(1830 – 1918) * Dobri Voynikov (1833 - 1878) *

Lyuben Karavelov Lyuben Stoychev Karavelov (; – 21 January 1879) was a Bulgarian writer, journalist, revolutionary and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival. In his lifetime, he published many literary works. He was a leader of the Bulgarian ...

(1834 – 1879) * Dragan Manchov (1834 - 1908) *

Kuzman Shapkarev Kuzman Anastasov Shapkarev ( Bulgarian and ; 1 January 1834 – 18 March 1909) was a Bulgarian folklorist and ethnographer from the Ottoman region of Macedonia, author of textbooks and ethnographic studies, and a figure of the Bulgarian Nationa ...

(1834 - 1909) * Dimitar Obshti (1835 - 1873) * Todor Ikonomov (1835 – 1892) *

Bacho Kiro Bacho Kiro () (7 July 1835 – 28 May 1876) was the nickname of Kiro Petrov Zanev (Киро Петров Занев), a Bulgarian teacher, man of letters and revolutionary who took an active part in the April Uprising. Bacho Kiro was born in w ...

(1835 – 28 May 1876) *

Vasil Levski Vasil Levski (, spelled in Reforms of Bulgarian orthography, old Bulgarian orthography as , ), born Vasil Ivanov Kunchev (; 18 July 1837 – 18 February 1873), was a Bulgarians, Bulgarian revolutionary who is, today, a Folk hero, national ...

(1837 – 1873) *

(1838 - 1906) * Stefan Karadzha (1840 – 1868) * Hadzhi Dimitar (1840 – 1868) *

Vasil Drumev Kliment of Tarnovo (born Vasil Nikolov Drumev, ; c. 1841 – 10 July 1901, known by his title as Metropolitan Kliment of Turnovo), was a leading Bulgarian clergyman and politician. He was also a writer and one of the founders of the Bulga ...

(1841 – 1901) * Nikola Voyvodov (1841 - 1847) *

Georgi Benkovski Georgi Benkovski () (c. 1843 – 12 May 1876) was the pseudonym of Gavril Gruev Hlatev (Гаврил Груев Хлътев), a Bulgarian revolutionary and leading figure in the organization and direction of the Bulgarian anti- Ottoman April U ...

(1843 – 1876) *

Petko Voyvoda Petko Kirkov Kaloyanov Петко Кирков (Каракирков, Киряков, Калоянов), better known as Captain Petko Voyvoda (Капитан Петко Войвода; 5 December 1844 – 7 February 1900) was a 19th-centur ...

(1844 – 1900) * Vasil Petleshkov (1845 - 1876) * Tanyo Stoyanov (1846 - 1876) *

(1848 - 1876) *

(1850 – 1921) *

Panayot Volov Panayot Volov (; c.1850 – 26 May 1876), also known under pseudonym Petar Vankov ()), was the organizer and leader of the Gyurgevo Revolutionary Committee of the Bulgarian April Uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1876. Biography Volov w ...

(1850 – 1876) * Georgi Izmirliev (1851 – 1876) *

Todor Kableshkov Todor Kableshkov ( Bulgarian: Тодор Каблешков) (13 January 1851 – 16 June 1876) was a 19th-century Bulgarian revolutionary and one of the leaders of the April Uprising. Born in Koprivshtitsa in a wealthy family, he studied in his ...

(1851 – 1876) *

Stefan Stambolov Stefan Nikolov Stambolov (; 31 January 1854 Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe, OS – 19 July 1895 Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe, OS) was a Bulgarian politician, journalist, revoluti ...

(1854 - 1895) * Konstantin Velichkov (1855 - 1907) *

Trayko Kitanchev Trayko Tsvetkov Kitanchev (; 1 September 1858 – 13 August 1895) was a Bulgarian teacher, translator, social figure, poet and revolutionary. In 1895, he was the first chairman of the Supreme Macedonian–Adrianopolitan Committee, a Sofia-ba ...

(1858 – 1895) *

Anastasia Uzunova Anastasia Uzunova (Bulgarian language, Bulgarian: Анастасия Узунова, , 1862–1948) was a Macedonian Bulgarians, Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary in the Bulgarian National Revival, Bulgarian national movement. Family Uzuno ...

(1862–1948)

Predecessors and other notable figures

Euthymius of Tarnovo Saint Euthymius of Tarnovo (also ''Evtimiy''; , ''Sveti Evtimiy Tarnovski'') was Patriarch of Bulgaria between 1375 and 1393. Regarded as one of the most important figures of medieval Bulgaria, Euthymius was the last head of the Bulgarian Orth ...

(c. 1325 - c. 1402/1404) *

Romylos of Vidin Romylos of Vidin, also known as Romylos of Ravanica or Romylus the Athonite (''Romil Svetogorac'', ''Romil Svetogorski''; ; ), was a 14th-century Bulgarians, Bulgarian monk, a disciple of Gregory of Sinai. He is also known as the teacher of Grigo ...

(1330 - 1385) *

Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev Cyprian ( – 16 September 1406) was a prelate of Bulgarian origin, who served as the Metropolitan of Kiev, Rus' and Lithuania (2 December 1375 – 12 February 1376) and the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus' (12 February 1376 – 1 ...

(1336 - 1406) *

Gregory Tsamblak Gregory Tsamblak (; ; ; sr-Cyr, Григорије Цамблак; ; ), member of the Tzamplakon family, was a writer and cleric active in Bulgaria, Moldavia, Serbia, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Principality of Kiev. Biography Early life ...

(c. 1365 - 1420) * Joasaf of Vidin (14th century) *

Constantine of Kostenets Constantine of Kostenets (; – after 1431), also known as Constantine the Philosopher ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Константин Филозоф, Konstantin Filozof, separator=" / "), was a medieval Bulgarian scholar, writer and chronicler, who spent mo ...

(ca. 1380 - after 1431) *

Vladislav the Grammarian Vladislav the Grammarian ( Bulgarian and ; 1456–79) was a Bulgarian Orthodox Christian monk, scribe, historian and theologian active in medieval Bulgaria and Serbia, regarded as part of both the Bulgarian and Serbian literary corpus. His coll ...

(1456-1479) * Pimen Zografski (1540 - 1620) * Petar Bogdan (1601 – 1674) * Filip Stanislavov (1608 - 1674) *

Petar Parchevich Petar Parchevich ( ; ) or Petar Mihaylov Parchev (; – 23 July 1674) was a Bulgarian Roman Catholic archbishop, diplomat, scholar, baron of Austria and one of the architects behind the anti- Ottoman Chiprovtsi Uprising. A native of Chiprov ...

(1612 – 1674) * Avram Dimitriev (1630 - 1710) * Velko Popovich (before 1689 - after 1706) *

Hristofor Žefarović Hristofor Žefarović (, sr-Cyrl, Христофор Жефаровић, ''Hristofor Zhefarovich'') was an 18th-century painter, engraver, writer and poet and a notable proponent of early Illyrian movement, pan-South Slavism. Biography Born at ...

(1690 - 1753) *

Parteniy Pavlovich Parteniy Pavlovich () (c. 1695 – 29 April 1760) was a Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox cleric, man of letters and traveller, regarded as one of the precursors of Paisius of Hilendar. A champion of the South Slavic revival, Pavlovich was the autho ...

(1695 - 1760) *

Blasius Kleiner Blasius Kleiner was a Franciscan friar who wrote the History of Bulgaria one year before Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya. It is not clear when and where he was born, but he died in 1785. He lived in Alvinz (Vințu de Jos). In his motives for this his ...

(? - 1785) *

Elias Riggs Elias Riggs (November 19, 1810 – January 17, 1901) was an American Presbyterian missionary and linguist. Biography Elias Riggs was born on November 19, 1810, in New Providence, New Jersey. He was the second son of Elias and Margaret (Congar) H ...

(1810 – 1901) * Spiridon Palauzov (1818 - 1892) * Evlogi (1819 - 1897) and Hristo (1824 - 1872) Georgievi brothers *

Felix Kanitz Felix Philipp Kanitz (. 2 August 1829 – 8 January 1904) was an Austro-Hungarian naturalist, geographer, ethnographer, archaeologist, painter and author of travel notes, of Jewish heritage. Biography Kanitz was born in Pest to a rich Jewish fam ...

(1829 – 1904) *

Albert Long Albert Long (December 4, 1832, Washington, Pennsylvania - July 28, 1901, Liverpool, England) was an American Methodist pastor who devoted much of his life preaching in the Balkans. During his missionary activities in the Ottoman Empire he contr ...

(1832 - 1901) *

Konstantin Josef Jireček The first name Konstantin () is a derivation from the Latin name '' Constantinus'' ( Constantine) in some European languages, such as Bulgarian, Russian, Estonian and German. As a Christian given name, it refers to the memory of the Roman empe ...

(1854 - 1918) *

Karel Karel may refer to: People * Karel (given name) * Karel (surname) * Charles Karel Bouley (born 1962), American talk radio personality known on air as Karel * Christiaan Karel Appel (1921–2006), Dutch painter and sculptor Business * Karel Elec ...

(1859 - 1944) and Hermann Škorpil (1858 - 1923) * Dimitar Kudoglu (1862 - 1940) *

Todor Aleksandrov Todor Aleksandrov Poporushov ( Bulgarian/Macedonian: Тодор Александров Попорушов; 4 March 1881 – 31 August 1924), anglicised as Todor Alexandrov, was a Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary, Bulgarian army officer, polit ...

(1881 – 1924)An internet site, dedicated to Todor Aleksandrov
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Gallery

Image: Straat in Oud Plovdiv 1.jpeg, The characteristic architecture of

Plovdiv Plovdiv (, ) is the List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, second-largest city in Bulgaria, 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 490,983 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area. Plovdiv is a cultural hub ...

's old town Image: Bulgarian National Revival.png, Bulgarian National Revival (18th-19th centuries) Image: TheOldChurch_Tshte1.jpg, Bulgarian National Revival Church Architecture,

Targovishte Targovishte (, also transliteration, transliterated ''Tǎrgovište'', , ) is a List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, city in Bulgaria, the administrative and economic capital of Targovishte Province. It is situated at the northern foot of the l ...

References and notes