A balanced salt solution (BSS) is a
solution
Solution may refer to:
* Solution (chemistry), a mixture where one substance is dissolved in another
* Solution (equation), in mathematics
** Numerical solution, in numerical analysis, approximate solutions within specified error bounds
* Solu ...
made to a physiological
pH and
isotonic salt concentration. Solutions most commonly include
sodium
Sodium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Na (from Neo-Latin ) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 element, group 1 of the peri ...
,
potassium
Potassium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol K (from Neo-Latin ) and atomic number19. It is a silvery white metal that is soft enough to easily cut with a knife. Potassium metal reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to ...
,
calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to it ...
,
magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 ...
, and
chloride
The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine anion (), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (). The pr ...
. Balanced salt solutions are used for washing
tissues and cells and are usually combined with other agents to treat the tissues and cells. They provide the cells with
water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and Color of water, nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known liv ...
and inorganic ions, while maintaining a physiological pH and osmotic pressure.
[Jakoby W, Pastan I. ''Cell culture''. In: Colowick S, Kaplan N, eds. Methods in Enzymology. Vol 58. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press. 1979 .]
Sometimes
glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula , which is often abbreviated as Glc. It is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. It is mainly made by plants and most algae d ...
is added as an
energy
Energy () is the physical quantity, quantitative physical property, property that is transferred to a physical body, body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of Work (thermodynamics), work and in the form of heat and l ...
source and
phenol red
Phenol red (also known as phenolsulfonphthalein or PSP) is a pH indicator frequently used in cell biology laboratories.
Chemical structure and properties
Phenol red exists as a red crystal that is stable in air. Its solubility is 0.77 grams per ...
is used as a
pH indicator
A pH indicator is a halochromism, halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a Solution (chemistry), solution so the pH (acidity or Base (chemistry), basicity) of the solution can be determined visually or spectroscopically by chang ...
.
In medicine, balanced salt solutions can be used as an irrigation solution such as during
intraocular surgery
Surgery is a medical specialty that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat pathological conditions (e.g., trauma, disease, injury, malignancy), to alter bodily functions (e.g., malabsorption created by bariatric surgery s ...
and to replace intraocular fluids.
Balanced salt solutions
*
Alsever's solution
*
Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS)
*
Gey's balanced salt solution (GBSS)
*
Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS)
* (
Dulbecco's)
Phosphate buffered saline
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and pota ...
(PBS)
*
Puck's balanced salt solution
*
Ringer's balanced salt solution (RBSS)
*
Simm's balanced salt solution (SBSS)
*
TRIS-buffered saline
Tris-buffered saline (TBS) is a buffer used in some biochemical techniques to maintain the pH within a relatively narrow range. Tris
Tris, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or known during medical use as tromethamine or THAM, is an organic ...
(TBS)
*
Tyrode's balanced salt solution (TBSS)
Surgical irrigation solutions
*
BSS (ophthalmic irrigation solution) (produced by Alcon)
** Composition per 1 mL: sodium chloride (NaCl) 6.4 mg, potassium chloride (KCl) 0.75 mg, calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl
2·2H
2O) 0.48 mg, magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl
2•6H
2O) 0.3 mg, sodium acetate trihydrate (C
2H
3NaO
2·3H
2O) 3.9 mg, sodium citrate dihydrate (C
6H
5Na
3O
7·2H
2O) 1.7 mg, sodium hydroxide and/or
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungency, pungent smell. It is classified as a acid strength, strong acid. It is ...
(to adjust pH), and water for injection. The pH is approximately 7.5. The osmolality is approximately 300 mOsm/Kg.
*
BSS Plus (ophthalmic irrigation solution) (produced by Alcon)
** Composition per 1 mL (once preparation complete): sodium chloride 7.14 mg (122.17 mmol), potassium chloride 0.38 mg (5.097 mmol), calcium chloride dihydrate 0.154 mg (1.04754 mmol), magnesium chloride hexahydrate 0.2 mg (0.983767 mmol), dibasic sodium phosphate 0.42 mg (2.95858 mmol), sodium bicarbonate 2.1 mg (24.998 mmol), dextrose 0.92 mg (5.1067 mmol), glutathione disulfide (oxidized glutathione) 0.184 mg (0.3003 mmol), hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide (to adjust pH), in water for injection. The reconstituted product has a pH of approximately 7.4. Osmolality is approximately 305 mOsm.
[
]
See also
*Saline (medicine)
Saline (also known as saline solution) is a mixture of sodium chloride (salt) and water. It has a number of uses in medicine including cleaning wounds, removal and storage of contact lenses, and help with dry eyes. By injection into a vein, ...
*Intravenous sugar solution
Intravenous sugar solution, also known as dextrose solution, is a mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water. It is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss. Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever, hype ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Balanced Salt Solution
Cell biology
Cell culture reagents
Intravenous fluids