Brunei
Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with ...
and Germany established
diplomatic relations
Diplomacy is the communication by representatives of state, intergovernmental, or non-governmental institutions intended to influence events in the international system.Ronald Peter Barston, ''Modern Diplomacy'', Pearson Education, 2006, p. ...
in 1984. Brunei has an embassy in Berlin, and Germany has an embassy in
Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan (BSB) is the capital and largest city of Brunei. It is officially a Municipalities of Brunei, municipal area () with an area of and an estimated population of 100,700 as of 2007. It is part of Brunei–Muara District, the s ...
.
History
Relations between the two countries has been established since 1 May 1984.
In 1985, Sultan
Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah (born 15 July 1946) is the List of sultans of Brunei, Sultan of Brunei since 1967, and Prime Minister of Brunei, prime minister of Brunei since its independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
undertook his first private visit to Germany and in 1998 made a state visit while an official visit was made in 2002 and 2011.
German
Chancellor
Chancellor () is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separa ...
Helmut Kohl
Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (; 3 April 1930 – 16 June 2017) was a German politician who served as chancellor of Germany and governed the ''Federal Republic'' from 1982 to 1998. He was leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to ...
paid an official visit to Brunei in 1997.
Economic relations
Brunei views Germany as an important economic partner with bilateral trade increased in 2011 to approximately
€
The euro sign () is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the eurozone. The design was presented to the public by the European Commission on 12 December 1996. It consists of a stylized letter E (or epsilon), crossed by t ...
346 million. Germany exports to Brunei are mainly in cars, machinery, chemicals and heavy equipment.
There is also a ratification of an agreement on the encouragement and reciprocal protection of investment between both countries.
Education relations
There is also a
student exchange program
A student exchange program is a program in which students from a secondary school (high school) or higher education study abroad at one of their institution's partner institutions.
A student exchange program may involve international travel, b ...
between Brunei and Germany which was initiated in 2008 when a group of Bruneian students went to German universities to study.
Further reading
Germany, Brunei to discuss 'a whole range of issues'The Brunei Times
''The Brunei Times'' was an independent English-language daily compact broadsheet newspaper published in Brunei Darussalam from 2006 to 2016. It was owned by Brunei Times PLC.
History
The paper was introduced at a soft launch on , at The Mall ...
See also
*
Foreign relations of Brunei
Brunei maintains diplomatic relations with 170 out of 193 countries, joined ASEAN on 7 January 1984, one week after resuming full independence, and gives its ASEAN membership the highest priority in its foreign relations. Brunei joined the Uni ...
*
Foreign relations of Germany
The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) is a Central European country and member of the European Union, G4, G7, the G20, the Organizations for Economic Co-operation and Development and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It maintains ...
References
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
Bilateral relations of Germany
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