Phonology
Consonants
* After , the sequence is realized as a velar nasal . * The sequence is realized as a sequence , rather than a syllabic .Realization of
According to , is realized as a voiced uvular trill with little friction . In the neighbouring rural area, an alveolar is used. However, according to , the vast majority of the speakers in Bruges realize as alveolar, not uvular. Definitely, the most common realization of is a voiced alveolar tap , which is used about four times more often than the second most common realization, which is a voiced alveolar trill . The other alveolar realizations include: a voiceless alveolar trill , a partially devoiced alveolar trill , a voiceless alveolar fricative tap/trill , a voiceless alveolar/postalveolar fricative (the least common realization), a voiced alveolar/postalveolar fricative and a voiced alveolar approximant . Among the uvular realizations, he lists a voiced uvular trill , a voiced uvular fricative trill , a voiced uvular fricative and a voiced uvular approximant , among which the uvular fricative trill is the most common realization. He also lists a central vowel (which probably means , or both of these) and elision of , both of which are very rare.Vowels
* In comparison with Standard Dutch, the short front vowels underwent a chain shift, so that the standard became . The standard was also lowered to , yet the standard was left untouched. * Among the back vowels, are rounded, whereas are unrounded. * are near-close ; is fully front, whereas is fully back. * (but not ) are rather weakly rounded . * Phonetically, are mid , whereas are open-mid . * Before , is lowered and retracted to . This feature is typical of working class speech and is nearly extinct. * All of the diphthongs are falling. * used to be pronounced as monophthongs , a realization which is rapidly regaining popularity among younger speakers. * Traditionally, used to have such a close first element that there was practically no distinction between and . * Phonetically, can be either or .References
Bibliography
* * * * {{refend Dutch dialects Languages of Belgium Bruges