''Brulion'' (meaning ''Rough Sketchbook'' in English) was a

Polish language Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spo ...

quarterly literary

magazine A magazine is a periodical literature, periodical publication, print or digital, produced on a regular schedule, that contains any of a variety of subject-oriented textual and visual content (media), content forms. Magazines are generally fin ...

published in Poland from 1986 to 1999.

History and profile

''Brulion'' was established by a group led by Robert Tekieli in

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

in 1986. The magazine, published quarterly, ceased publication in 1999. Its

editor in chief An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The editor-in-chief heads all departments of the organization and is held account ...

was also Robert Tekieli. Originally a quarterly of the alternative and semi-legal

Polish culture The culture of Poland () is the product of its Geography of Poland, geography and distinct historical evolution, which is closely connected to History of Poland, an intricate thousand-year history. Poland has a Catholic Church, Roman Catholic ma ...

, it became known for respecting no taboos and producing scandals since its ninth issue, thus becoming the voice of the underground,

anti-communist Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communist beliefs, groups, and individuals. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when th ...

Poland. The generation of ''brulion'' writers was influenced mainly by

American poets The poets listed below were either born in the United States or else published much of their poetry while living in that country. A B C D E F G H I–J K L M N O P Q * George Quasha (born 1942) R S T U–V ...

Frank O'Hara Francis Russell "Frank" O'Hara (March 27, 1926 – July 25, 1966) was an American writer, poet, and art critic. A curator at the Museum of Modern Art, O'Hara became prominent in New York City's art world. O'Hara is regarded as a leading figure i ...

(that is why they're often called ''o´harists''),

Allen Ginsberg Irwin Allen Ginsberg (; June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet and writer. As a student at Columbia University in the 1940s, he began friendships with Lucien Carr, William S. Burroughs and Jack Kerouac, forming the core of th ...

John Ashbery John Lawrence Ashbery (July 28, 1927 – September 3, 2017) was an American poet and art critic. Ashbery is considered the most influential American poet of his time. Oxford University literary critic John Bayley wrote that Ashbery "sounded, in ...

, translated by Pietr Sommer. Another translator, Stanisław Barańczak, introduced to Poland the poetry of

Philip Larkin Philip Arthur Larkin (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist, and librarian. His first book of poetry, '' The North Ship'', was published in 1945, followed by two novels, '' Jill'' (1946) and '' A Girl in Winter'' (194 ...

W. H. Auden Wystan Hugh Auden (; 21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973) was a British-American poet. Auden's poetry is noted for its stylistic and technical achievement, its engagement with politics, morals, love, and religion, and its variety in tone, ...

Robert Frost Robert Lee Frost (March26, 1874January29, 1963) was an American poet. Known for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American Colloquialism, colloquial speech, Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural life in New E ...

and others. ''Brulion'' published among others an almanac named ''Przyszli barbarzyńci'' (''Future barbarians''; the title comes from a poem by

Cavafy Konstantinos Petrou Kavafis ( ; 29 April ( OS 17 April), 1863 – 29 April 1933), known, especially in English, as Constantine P. Cavafy and often published as C. P. Cavafy (), was a Greek poet, journalist, and civil servant from Alexandria. A ...

). Therefore, the ''brulion'' generation is also known as ''barbarians''.

The best known ''brulion'' authors

Marcin Baran Marcin Baran (born 1963 in Kraków) is a Polish poet and journalist. He has a degree in Polonistics from the Jagiellonian University. He is one of the Polish poets who published their verses in the magazine '' bruLion'' (sometimes spelled ''brulio ...

Miłosz Biedrzycki Miłosz Biedrzycki, also referred to as MLB (born 1967 in Koper, Yugoslavia) is a Polish poet, translator and geophysics, geophysical engineer. One of the authors of the "brulion, ''brulion'' generation". His poems appeared in various literary ...

Marzena Broda Marzena Broda (born 27 February 1965 in Kraków) is a Polish poet, novelist, playwright and screenwriter A screenwriter (also called scriptwriter, scribe, or scenarist) is a person who practices the craft of writing for visual mass media, ...

* Paweł Filas * Natasza Goerke * Manuela Gretkowska * Krzysztof Jaworski * Krzysztof Koehler * Cezary Michalski *

Jacek Podsiadło Jacek Podsiadło (born 1964 in Szewna) is a Polish poet, writer, translator and essayist. Sometimes he uses a pen name Jac Po. He is one of the poets of the famous Polish ''bruLion'' generation. He had many professions, he now works in the Opole rad ...

* Marcin Sendecki * Mirosław Spychalski *

Marcin Świetlicki Marcin Świetlicki (born 24 December 1961) is a Polish poet, writer, and musician. He lives and works in Kraków, Poland. Świetlicki was born in Piaski, near Lublin, Polish literature">Polish Literature at the Jagiellonian University in Krak� ...

Olga Tokarczuk Olga Nawoja Tokarczuk (; born 29 January 1962) is a Polish writer, activist, and public intellectual. She is one of the most critically acclaimed and successful authors of her generation in Poland. In 2019, she was awarded the 2018 Nobel Pri ...

* Grzegorz Wróblewski

References

*''Bílé propasti'' (''White Abysses''), Host,

Brno Brno ( , ; ) is a Statutory city (Czech Republic), city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava (river), Svitava and Svratka (river), Svratka rivers, Brno has about 403,000 inhabitants, making ...

, 1997, p. 181-9. 1986 establishments in Poland 1999 disestablishments in Poland Defunct literary magazines published in Poland Magazines established in 1986 Magazines disestablished in 1999 Mass media in Kraków Defunct Polish-language magazines Quarterly magazines {{Europe-lit-mag-stub