Breynia Similis
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''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family
Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the eudicot Order (biology), order Malpighiales. It is most closely related to the family Picrodendraceae.Kenneth J. Wurdack and Charles C. Davis. 2009. "Malpighiales phylogeneti ...
, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China,
Réunion Réunion (; ; ; known as before 1848) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France. Part of the Mascarene Islands, it is located approximately east of the isl ...
, the Indian Subcontinent,
Papuasia Papuasia is a Level 2 botanical region defined in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in the Melanesia ecoregion of Oceania and Tropical Asia. It comprises th ...
and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recognized despite the existence of an earlier use of the same name to refer to a different plant. ''Breynia'' L. 1753 is in the
Capparaceae The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 15 genera and about 430 species. The largest genera are ''Capparis'' (about 1 ...
, but it is a rejected name. We here discuss ''Breynia'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. 1776. In a 2006 revision of the Phyllanthaceae, it was recommended that ''Breynia'' be subsumed in ''Phyllanthus''; however, new combinations in ''Phyllanthus'' for former ''Breynia'' species remain to be published. ''Breynia'' are of special note in the fields of pollination biology and
coevolution In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection. The term sometimes is used for two traits in the same species affecting each other's evolution, as well a ...
because they have a specialized
mutualism Mutualism may refer to: * Mutualism (biology), positive interactions between species * Mutualism (economic theory), associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon * Mutualism (movement), social movement promoting mutual organizations * Mutualism model o ...
with moths in the genus ''
Epicephala ''Epicephala'' (leafflower moths) is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. ''Epicephala'' is of note in the fields of Anthecology, pollination biology and coevolution because many species in this genus are pollinators of plants in the g ...
'' (leafflower moths), in which the moths actively pollinate the flowers—thereby ensuring that the tree may produce viable seeds—but also lay eggs in the flowers' ovaries or in the space between the tepals and the carpel walls, from where their larvae consume a subset of the developing seeds as nourishment. Other species of ''Epicephala'' are pollinators, and in some cases, non-pollinating seed predators, of certain species of plants in the genera ''
Phyllanthus ''Phyllanthus'' is the largest genus in the plant family Phyllanthaceae. Estimates of the number of species in this genus vary widely, from 750David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book.'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University ...
'' and ''
Glochidion ''Glochidion'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Madagascar to the Pa ...
'', both closely related to ''Breynia''.Kathriarachchi, H.; Samuel, R.; Hoffmann, P.; Mlinarec, J.; Wurdack, K. J.; Ralimanana, H.; Stuessy, T. F.; Chase, M. W. 2006. "Phylogenetics of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae: Euphorbiaceae sensu lato) based on nrITS and plastid matK DNA sequence data." ''American Journal of Botany.'' 93: 637–655. This relationship is similar to those between
figs The fig is the edible fruit of ''Ficus carica'', a species of tree or shrub in the flowering plant family Moraceae, native to the Mediterranean region, together with western and southern Asia. It has been cultivated since ancient times and i ...
and
fig wasp Fig wasps are wasps of the superfamily Chalcidoidea which spend their larval stage inside fig syconia. Some are pollinators but others simply feed off the plant. The non-pollinators belong to several groups within the superfamily Chalcidoidea, ...
s and
yucca ''Yucca'' ( , YUCK-uh) is both the scientific name and common name for a genus native to North America from Panama to southern Canada. It contains 50 accepted species. In addition to yucca, they are also known as Adam's needle or Spanish-bayon ...
s and yucca moths.


Species

93 species are accepted. *''
Breynia amabilis ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *''
Breynia amoebiflora ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia androgyna ''Phyllanthus androgynus'', also known as katuk, star gooseberry, or sweet leaf, is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae, native to tropical and subtropical Asia and grown in some areas as a leaf vegetable. Description It is a shrub ...
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Breynia assimilis ''Breynia assimilis'' is an extremely rare species of flowering plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is a shrub or tree endemic to the wet evergreen lowland forests of southwestern Sri Lanka. It is only known from the Sinharaja Biosphere Res ...
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Breynia asteranthos ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia asymmetrica ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia baudouinii ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' Beille – Vietnam *''
Breynia beillei ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia bicolor ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia bishnupadae ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia bonii ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia brevipes ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia calcarea'' (M.R.Hend.) Welzen & Pruesapan – W Malaysia *'' Breynia carnosa'' Welzen & Pruesapan – Vietnam *'' Breynia cernua'' (Poir.) Müll.Arg. – Northern Territory of Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Sulawesi, Philippines, Borneo, Java *'' Breynia collaris'' Airy Shaw – Papua New Guinea *'' Breynia coriacea'' Beille – Vietnam *'' Breynia coronata'' Hook.f. – Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra *''
Breynia delavayi ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia discigera'' Müll.Arg. – Thailand, W Malaysia, Sumatra *'' Breynia discocalyx'' *''
Breynia disticha ''Breynia disticha'', commonly known as the snowbush, is a plant in the family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to New Caledonia and Vanuatu in the western Pacific, but naturalized on a wide assortment of other islands around ...
'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. – Vanuatu, New Caledonia; naturalized in West Indies, Florida, Gambia, and scattered oceanic islands *'' Breynia diversifolia'' Beille – Vietnam *'' Breynia fleuryi'' Beille – Vietnam *'' Breynia fruticosa'' (L.) Müll.Arg. – Vietnam, Thailand, S China *'' Breynia garrettii'' *'' Breynia glauca'' Craib – Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Borneo *''
Breynia gour-maitii ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia grandiflora'' Beille – Vietnam *''
Breynia granulosa ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia gynophora ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia harmandii ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia heteroblasta'' *'' Breynia heyneana'' J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia *''
Breynia hiemalis ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia hirsuta ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia indosinensis'' Beille – Vietnam, Laos *''
Breynia kerrii ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia kitanovii ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia lanceolata'' *'' Breynia lithophila'' Welzen & Pruesapan – Thailand *''
Breynia macrantha ''Breynia macrantha'', commonly known as pumpkin fruit, pumpkin bush or Atherton sauropus, is a rainforest tree native to the central and eastern Himalayas, Indochina, southern China, Malesia, New Guinea, and north-east Queensland. It is liste ...
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Breynia maichauensis ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia massiei'' Beille – Laos *''
Breynia micrasterias ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia microphylla'' (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Müll.Arg. – Sumatera, Java, Sulawesi *'' Breynia mollis'' J.J.Sm. – New Guinea *'' Breynia oblongifolia'' (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg. – Papua New Guinea, Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory *'' Breynia obscura'' Welzen & Pruesapan – W Malaysia *''
Breynia officinalis ''Breynia vitis-idaea'', the officinal breynia, is a perennial tree-like species of Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae s.l.), found from India east to Taiwan and Okinawa and south to Indonesia. It is a shrub or treelet with egg-shaped leaves that can ...
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Breynia orbicularis ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia pierrei ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia platycalyx'' Airy Shaw – W New Guinea *''
Breynia po-khantii ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia podocarpa'' Airy Shaw – Papua New Guinea, Northern Territory *'' Breynia poilanei'' *'' Breynia poomae'' *'' Breynia pseudorostrata'' *'' Breynia pubescens'' Merr. – Maluku *'' Breynia pulchella'' *'' Breynia quadrangularis'' *'' Breynia racemosa'' (Blume) Müll.Arg. – Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Myanmar, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Philippines, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago *''
Breynia repanda ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia repens'' Welzen & Pruesapan – Thailand *'' Breynia reticulata'' *''
Breynia retroversa ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia retusa'' (Dennst.) Alston – Réunion, India, Tibet, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, E Himalayas, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, W Malaysia *'' Breynia rhynchocarpa'' Benth. – Northern Territory of Australia *''
Breynia rigida ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia rostrata'' Merr. – Vietnam, S China *'' Breynia saksenana'' *'' Breynia septata'' Beille – Vietnam *''
Breynia shawii ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia similis'' *''
Breynia spatulifolia ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia stipitata'' Müll.Arg. – Northern Territory, Queensland *'' Breynia subangustifolia'' Thin – Vietnam *'' Breynia suberosa'' *'' Breynia subindochinensis'' Thin – Vietnam *'' Breynia subterblanca'' *''
Breynia temii ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia thoii'' *'' Breynia thorelii'' *'' Breynia thyrsiflora'' *'' Breynia tiepii'' *'' Breynia tonkinensis'' Beille – Vietnam *''
Breynia trinervia ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
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Breynia tsiangii ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia vestita'' Warb. – New Guinea, Kai Island in Maluku Province of Indonesia *''
Breynia villosa ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'' *'' Breynia virgata'' (Blume) Müll.Arg. – Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands *'' Breynia vitis-idaea'' (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch. – China, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Indochina, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines *'' Breynia yanhuiana''


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q114906 Phyllanthaceae genera Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster Taxa named by Georg Forster