Breynia Repens

''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia.

The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recognized despite the existence of an earlier use of the same name to refer to a different plant. ''Breynia'' L. 1753 is in the Capparaceae, but it is a rejected name. We here discuss ''Breynia'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. 1776.

In a 2006 revision of the Phyllanthaceae, it was recommended that ''Breynia'' be subsumed in ''Phyllanthus''; however, new combinations in ''Phyllanthus'' for former ''Breynia'' species remain to be published.

''Breynia'' are of special note in the fields of pollination biology and coevolution because they have a specialized mutualism with moths in the genus ''Epicephala'' (leafflower moths), in which the moths actively pollinate the flowers—thereby ensuring that the tree may produce viable seeds—but also lay eggs in the flowers' ovaries or in the space between the tepals and the carpel walls, from where their larvae consume a subset of the developing seeds as nourishment. Other species of ''Epicephala'' are pollinators, and in some cases, non-pollinating seed predators, of certain species of plants in the genera ''Phyllanthus'' and ''Glochidion'', both closely related to ''Breynia''.Kathriarachchi, H.; Samuel, R.; Hoffmann, P.; Mlinarec, J.; Wurdack, K. J.; Ralimanana, H.; Stuessy, T. F.; Chase, M. W. 2006. "Phylogenetics of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae: Euphorbiaceae sensu lato) based on nrITS and plastid matK DNA sequence data." ''American Journal of Botany.'' 93: 637–655. This relationship is similar to those between figs and fig wasps and yuccas and yucca moths.

Species

93 species are accepted.
*''Breynia amabilis''
*''Breynia amoebiflora''
*''Breynia androgyna''
*''Breynia assimilis''
*''Breynia asteranthos''
*''Breynia asymmetrica''
*''Breynia baudouinii'' Beille – Vietnam
*''Breynia beillei''
*''Breynia bicolor''
*'' Breynia bishnupadae''
*'' Breynia bonii''
*'' Breynia brevipes''
*'' Breynia calcarea'' (M.R.Hend.) Welzen & Pruesapan – W Malaysia
*'' Breynia carnosa'' Welzen & Pruesapan – Vietnam
*'' Breynia cernua'' (Poir.) Müll.Arg. – Northern Territory of Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Sulawesi, Philippines, Borneo, Java
*'' Breynia collaris'' Airy Shaw – Papua New Guinea
*'' Breynia coriacea'' Beille – Vietnam
*'' Breynia coronata'' Hook.f. – Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
*'' Breynia delavayi''
*'' Breynia discigera'' Müll.Arg. – Thailand, W Malaysia, Sumatra
*'' Breynia discocalyx''
*''Breynia disticha'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. – Vanuatu, New Caledonia; naturalized in West Indies, Florida, Gambia, and scattered oceanic islands
*'' Breynia diversifolia'' Beille – Vietnam
*'' Breynia fleuryi'' Beille – Vietnam
*'' Breynia fruticosa'' (L.) Müll.Arg. – Vietnam, Thailand, S China
*'' Breynia garrettii''
*'' Breynia glauca'' Craib – Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Borneo
*'' Breynia gour-maitii''
*'' Breynia grandiflora'' Beille – Vietnam
*'' Breynia granulosa''
*'' Breynia gynophora''
*'' Breynia harmandii''
*'' Breynia heteroblasta''
*'' Breynia heyneana'' J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia
*'' Breynia hiemalis''
*'' Breynia hirsuta''
*'' Breynia indosinensis'' Beille – Vietnam, Laos
*'' Breynia kerrii''
*'' Breynia kitanovii''
*'' Breynia lanceolata''
*'' Breynia lithophila'' Welzen & Pruesapan – Thailand
*'' Breynia macrantha''
*'' Breynia maichauensis''
*'' Breynia massiei'' Beille – Laos
*'' Breynia micrasterias''
*'' Breynia microphylla'' (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Müll.Arg. – Sumatera, Java, Sulawesi
*'' Breynia mollis'' J.J.Sm. – New Guinea
*'' Breynia oblongifolia'' (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg. – Papua New Guinea, Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory
*'' Breynia obscura'' Welzen & Pruesapan – W Malaysia
*'' Breynia officinalis''
*'' Breynia orbicularis''
*'' Breynia pierrei''
*'' Breynia platycalyx'' Airy Shaw – W New Guinea
*'' Breynia po-khantii''
*'' Breynia podocarpa'' Airy Shaw – Papua New Guinea, Northern Territory
*'' Breynia poilanei''
*'' Breynia poomae''
*'' Breynia pseudorostrata''
*'' Breynia pubescens'' Merr. – Maluku
*'' Breynia pulchella''
*'' Breynia quadrangularis''
*'' Breynia racemosa'' (Blume) Müll.Arg. – Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Myanmar, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Philippines, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago
*'' Breynia repanda''
*'' Breynia repens'' Welzen & Pruesapan – Thailand
*'' Breynia reticulata''
*'' Breynia retroversa''
*'' Breynia retusa'' (Dennst.) Alston – Réunion, India, Tibet, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, E Himalayas, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, W Malaysia
*'' Breynia rhynchocarpa'' Benth. – Northern Territory of Australia
*'' Breynia rigida''
*'' Breynia rostrata'' Merr. – Vietnam, S China
*'' Breynia saksenana''
*'' Breynia septata'' Beille – Vietnam
*'' Breynia shawii''
*'' Breynia similis''
*'' Breynia spatulifolia''
*'' Breynia stipitata'' Müll.Arg. – Northern Territory, Queensland
*'' Breynia subangustifolia'' Thin – Vietnam
*'' Breynia suberosa''
*'' Breynia subindochinensis'' Thin – Vietnam
*'' Breynia subterblanca''
*'' Breynia temii''
*'' Breynia thoii''
*'' Breynia thorelii''
*'' Breynia thyrsiflora''
*'' Breynia tiepii''
*'' Breynia tonkinensis'' Beille – Vietnam
*'' Breynia trinervia''
*'' Breynia tsiangii''
*'' Breynia vestita'' Warb. – New Guinea, Kai Island in Maluku Province of Indonesia
*'' Breynia villosa''
*'' Breynia virgata'' (Blume) Müll.Arg. – Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands
*'' Breynia vitis-idaea'' (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch. – China, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Indochina, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines
*'' Breynia yanhuiana''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q114906

Phyllanthaceae genera
Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster
Taxa named by Georg Forster