Breed Street Shul, also known as Congregation Talmud Torah of Los Angeles or Breed Street Synagogue, is a former
Orthodox Jewish synagogue
A synagogue, also called a shul or a temple, is a place of worship for Jews and Samaritans. It is a place for prayer (the main sanctuary and sometimes smaller chapels) where Jews attend religious services or special ceremonies such as wed ...
in the
Boyle Heights section of
Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...
, in the United States. It was the largest Orthodox synagogue west of
Chicago
Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...
from 1915 to 1951,
[ and is listed in the ]National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government's official United States National Register of Historic Places listings, list of sites, buildings, structures, Hist ...
.
Early history
Congregation Talmud Torah started in 1904, using rented quarters in downtown Los Angeles, at 114 Rose Street. It was started primarily as a Hebrew school ("Talmud Torah" is typically used to mean a supplemental afternoon religious school, though it was also used as a synagogue).
Within a few years, the immigrant population moved, concentrating in Boyle Heights. Several Jews purchased a house at Breed and First, and started using it as a shul. By 1914, the Rose Street location was nonviable, for lack of a quorum (minyan), and the membership merged with the new Breed Street group. In 1915, they purchased a lot two blocks north, and commissioned a new wood-framed building on the present site. It became known as the "Breed Street Shul." The original shul on the site was designed by O.M. Warner and constructed by Bornstein & Cohn.
Enrollment grew, and by 1918, a second structure was needed on the lot. By 1923, there were 110 students enrolled.
The Jewish population grew from a few hundred in 1910, to 1,842 in 1920, to more than 10,000 in 1930.
Construction of the existing structure
As the size of the congregation grew, a new synagogue was built, designed by the architectural firm of Edelman and Barnett. The original wood structure was moved to the back of the lot to make room for the new brick structure which opened in 1923. The new synagogue was built from unreinforced masonry with veneer brick and cast stone embellishments on the facade. The façade includes alternating bands of dichromatic brickwork, "dense prickly foliage carving", other organic motifs, and Stars of David in bas-relief cast stone detail.[
]
Role in the Boyle Heights community
The Boyle Heights section of Los Angeles, located east of downtown, was home to the city's most populous Jewish community from 1910 to 1950. The area around Breed Street Shul became a center for the Jewish community. The business district on Brooklyn Avenue (renamed Cesar Chavez Avenue in 1995) just north of the Shul was the location of many kosher butchers, bakeries, delis, bookstores and other shops catering to the Jewish community. The Breed Street block where the Shul was located also became home of the Los Angeles Jewish Academy (now part of Yavneh Academy) and Mount Sinai Clinic (a forerunner of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center is a non-profit, Tertiary referral hospital, tertiary, 915-bed teaching hospital and multi-specialty academic health science centre, academic health science center located in Los Angeles, California. Part of the Cedars ...
).[
In 1945, Rabbi Osher Zilberstein of Breed Street Shul opened the city's first Jewish parochial elementary school.] When Israel was established as an independent nation in 1948, Breed Street Shul was the site of a solemn ceremony in which the new flag of Israel was flown for the first time in Los Angeles.[
]
Dispersal of Boyle Heights Jewish community
In the years after World War II, the Jewish community in Boyle Heights dispersed, moving to areas such as the West Fairfax District, Beverlywood, and Encino. Rabbi Zilberstein remained at Breed Street Shul until his death in 1973.[ Many families, including those of Jewish Veterans of WWII, went east across the L.A. River to the San Gabriel Valley.
]
Vacancy and deterioration
The main brick building was vacated in the mid-1980s due to seismic retrofit requirements. Services were moved to the original wooden structure at the rear of the lot for several years. By 1996, services ceased at Breed Street Shul, and the buildings have been vacant since that time.[
]
Historic designation and restoration
In 1988, the building was designated as a City of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument. The building fell into disrepair in the 1990s, and the City of Los Angeles foreclosed on the property after recording an assessment for barricading and protection. In 1998, Hillary Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, lawyer and diplomat. She was the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, a U.S. senator represent ...
visited the Shul as part of her ''Save America's Treasures'' campaign. In July 2000, the City quitclaimed the property to Breed Street Shul Project, Inc., a subsidiary of the Jewish Historical Society of Southern California. In 2021, the State of California awarded a $14.9 million grant to the Breed Street Shul Project, Inc to complete the restoration and reuse of the historic Breed Street Shul building as a county museum, educational and cultural center.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
Former leadership
Former rabbis
;Solomon Michael Neches (1921–1935)
Jerusalem-born Rabbi Solomon Michael Neches' was the first rabbi of the synagogue originally named Congregation Talmud Torah. Rabbi Neches advocated for Orthodox education for the community's Jewish children. He was instrumental in California's (first) Kosher Law. The name of the shul (Congregation Talmud Torah) made it clear that a Yeshiva
A yeshiva (; ; pl. , or ) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy are studied in parallel. The stu ...
/day school would have to await his successor. Neches also is recognized for having begun the Los Angeles-based Western Jewish Institute, and initially led it. He was succeeded as rabbi of the Breed Street shul by Rabbi Osher Zilberstein.
;Osher Zilberstein (1935–1973)
Osher Zilberstein, a noted Torah
The Torah ( , "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Torah is also known as the Pentateuch () ...
scholar, was a tenth generation rabbi from Mezritch, Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
. In 1935 he assumed the rabbinical position as the rabbi of the Breed Street Shul, also known by the name Talmud Torah Los Angeles.[ Rabbi Zilberstein was instrumental in the opening of an Orthodox day school, Yeshivas HaMaarav.][ He was buried at Home of Peace Cemetery in ]East Los Angeles, California
East Los Angeles (), or East L.A., is an Unincorporated area#United States, unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) situated within Los Angeles County, California, United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, ...
. His Yartzeit is 14 Shvat (5733) and his father's name was Rabbi Yisroel Aharon Zilberstein. He was born in Ukraine, immigrated to Winnipeg, Canada in 1924, and moved to Los Angeles in 1935.
;Rav Mordechai Aaron Ganzweig (1973-1996)
Son of Rabbi Osher Zilberstein's prized student Rabbi Yonah Ganzweig, succeeded Rabbi Zilberstein and maintained services in the Shul in the Orthodox fashion of the shul's founders and leaders until he was locked out by the City of Los Angeles's foreclosure on the lien they placed on the property after doing some minor repairs.
Former cantors
Cantor Israel Reich (1946-1953) was described as a "Cantor's Cantor" because he "helped train countless students, including his own three children, to become cantors."
See also
* Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments on the East and Northeast Sides
* List of Registered Historic Places in Los Angeles
* Hal Bernson, Los Angeles City Council member, 1979-2003
References
External links
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Synagogues in Los Angeles
Boyle Heights, Los Angeles
Synagogues completed in 1923
Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments
Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in Los Angeles
Jewish organizations established in 1904
Byzantine Revival synagogues
Orthodox Judaism in Los Angeles
Former synagogues in California
Synagogues on the National Register of Historic Places in California
1980s disestablishments in California
1904 establishments in California
20th-century synagogues in the United States