The Brazier effect was first discovered in 1927 by Brazier. He showed that when an initially straight tube was bent uniformly, the longitudinal tension and

compression Compression may refer to: Physical science *Compression (physics), size reduction due to forces *Compression member, a structural element such as a column *Compressibility, susceptibility to compression *Gas compression *Compression ratio, of a c ...

which resist the applied bending moment also tend to flatten or ovalise the cross-section. As the

curvature In mathematics, curvature is any of several strongly related concepts in geometry. Intuitively, the curvature is the amount by which a curve deviates from being a straight line, or a surface deviates from being a plane. For curves, the can ...

increases, the flexural stiffness decreases. Brazier showed that under steadily increasing curvature the

bending moment In solid mechanics, a bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or moment is applied to the element, causing the element to bend. The most common or simplest structural element subjected to bending mome ...

reaches a maximum value. After the bending moment reaches its maximum value, the structure becomes unstable, and so the object suddenly forms a "kink". From Brazier’s analysis it follows that the crushing

pressure Pressure (symbol: ''p'' or ''P'') is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled ''gage'' pressure)The preferred spelling varies by country a ...

increases with the square of the curvature of the section, and thus with the square of the bending moment.

References

{{reflist, 2 Pressure

See also

References