The Brazier effect was first discovered in 1927 by Brazier. He showed that when an initially straight tube was bent uniformly, the longitudinal tension and

compression Compression may refer to: Physical science *Compression (physics), size reduction due to forces *Compression member, a structural element such as a column *Compressibility, susceptibility to compression * Gas compression *Compression ratio, of a ...

which resist the applied bending moment also tend to flatten or ovalise the cross-section. As the

curvature In mathematics, curvature is any of several strongly related concepts in geometry that intuitively measure the amount by which a curve deviates from being a straight line or by which a surface deviates from being a plane. If a curve or su ...

increases, the flexural stiffness decreases. Brazier showed that under steadily increasing curvature the

bending moment In solid mechanics, a bending moment is the Reaction (physics), reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or Moment of force, moment is applied to the element, causing the element to bending, bend. The most common or simplest ...

reaches a maximum value. After the bending moment reaches its maximum value, the structure becomes unstable, and so the object suddenly forms a "kink". From Brazier’s analysis it follows that the crushing

pressure Pressure (symbol: ''p'' or ''P'') is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled ''gage'' pressure)The preferred spelling varies by country and eve ...

increases with the square of the curvature of the section, and thus with the square of the bending moment.

References

{{reflist, 2 Pressure 1927 in science Eponyms in physics

See also

References