Brassolini is a
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...
usually placed in the
brush-footed butterfly subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
Morphinae
The Morphinae are a subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfa ...
, which is often included in the
Satyrinae
The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct family, Satyridae. This group contains nearly half of the known divers ...
as a tribe Morphini. If this is accepted, the Brassolini become the
sister tribe of the Morphini among the Satyrinae. Formerly, they were treated as an independent family Brassolidae or subfamily Brassolinae. Many members of this tribe are called owl butterflies.
[Wahlberg & Brower (2008)]
The Brassolini is a Neotropical butterfly group that currently includes 102 species
and contain 17
genera
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...
in two or three
subtribe
Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants). The first use of this word dates back to the late 19th century. An example of ...
s, depending whether the enigmatic genus ''
Bia'' is assigned here as the most
basal lineage. The other genera are divided into one small and more ancestral subtribe, and a more advanced one that unites the bulk of the genera.
The Brassolini butterflies with characters form adult stage show a more stronger phylogeny than those with of early stages.
Genera
Genera are listed in the presumed
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...
sequence.
Subtribe Biina (tentatively placed here)
* ''
Bia''
Subtribe Naropina
* ''
Aponarope''
* ''
Narope''
Subtribe Brassolina
* ''
Brassolis''
* ''
Dynastor''
* ''
Dasyophthalma''
* ''
Opoptera'' (= ''Mimoblepia'')
* ''
Caligo'' – giant owl butterflies
* ''
Caligopsis''
* ''
Eryphanis''
* ''
Selenophanes''
* ''
Penetes''
* ''
Catoblepia''
* ''
Mielkella
''Mielkella'' is a Neotropical butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. The genus is monotypic containing the single species ''Mielkella singularis'' from Guatemala and Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in ...
''
* ''
Orobrassolis''
* ''
Blepolenis''
* ''
Opsiphanes''
References
* (2007) Evaluating the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Brassolini genera (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Systematic Entomology, 32: 668-689.
* (2008):
Tree of Life Web Project
The Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) is an Internet project providing information about the diversity and phylogeny of life on Earth.
This collaborative peer reviewed project began in 1995, and is written by biologists from around the world. The s ...
&ndash
Brassolini Version of 2008-JAN-30. Retrieved 2009-APR-07.
* Brassolini Virtual Collection. , Web-based resource: http://fs.uno.edu/cpenz/Brassolini.html Retrieved 2012-MAR-13.
* Research on Brassolini. , Web-based resource: http://fs.uno.edu/cpenz/rese-brassolini.html Retrieved 2012-MAR-13.
*
Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Boisduval
Butterfly tribes
{{Morphinae-stub