Branchiostegus Biendong
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''Branchiostegus'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of marine
ray-finned fishes Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class (biology), class of Osteichthyes, bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built ...
,
tilefish file:Malacanthus latovittatus.jpg, 250px, Blue blanquillo, ''Malacanthus latovittatus'' Tilefishes are mostly small perciform marine fish comprising the family (biology), family Malacanthidae. They are usually found in sandy areas, especially n ...
es, belonging to the
family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Malacanthidae 250px, Blue blanquillo, ''Malacanthus latovittatus'' Tilefishes are mostly small perciform marine fish comprising the family Malacanthidae. They are usually found in sandy areas, especially near coral reefs. They have a long life span, up to ...
. They are found in the eastern
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the ...
through the
Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), ...
to the western
Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...
. Here they create burrows in soft substrates in the comparatively deep waters of the
continental shelf A continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea. Much of these shelves were exposed by drops in sea level during glacial periods. The shelf surrounding an islan ...
and
slope In mathematics, the slope or gradient of a Line (mathematics), line is a number that describes the direction (geometry), direction of the line on a plane (geometry), plane. Often denoted by the letter ''m'', slope is calculated as the ratio of t ...
.


Characteristics

''Branchiostegus'' tilefishes have a rectangular body shape with a square profile to the head. They have a raised seam situated to the anterior of the
dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates. Dorsal fins have evolved independently several times through convergent evolution adapting to marine environments, so the fins are not all homologous. They are found ...
, this can be reduced but it is always there. They have a body which is around four times as long as it is deep. There are fine serrations on the preopercular upper arm while its lower arm has very few or no serrations and there is no spine at its angle. The operculum has a single flexible, blunt spine. The mouth is slightly angled and extend to the front of the eye. The dorsal and
anal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported o ...
s are long and unbroken. The dorsal fin has 6 to 8 spines, typically 7 and 14 to 16, normally 15, soft rays. The anal fin contains 2 spines and 11 to 13, typically 12, soft rays. The
caudal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported only ...
is rounded, truncate, or double emarginate and sometimes has elongated tips. They have pelagic larvae which have many spines on their heads and serrated ridges.


Species

There are currently 19 recognized species in this genus: * ''
Branchiostegus albus ''Branchiostegus albus'', is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a tilefish belonging to the family Malacanthidae 250px, Blue blanquillo, ''Malacanthus latovittatus'' Tilefishes are mostly small perciform marine fish comprising the family ...
''
Dooley Dooley is an Irish surname. It is derived from the Gaelic ''Ó Dubhlaoich'' meaning 'descendant of Dubhlaoch', a given name composed of the elements ''dubh'' 'Black, pale' and ''laoch'' 'warrior, Champion. Champions later called Knights . Notable ...
, 1978
* ''
Branchiostegus argentatus ''Branchiostegus argentatus'' is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a tilefish belonging to the family Malacanthidae 250px, Blue blanquillo, ''Malacanthus latovittatus'' Tilefishes are mostly small perciform marine fish comprising the fa ...
'' ( G. Cuvier, 1830) * '' Branchiostegus auratus'' (
Kishinouye was a Japanese fisheries biologist and cnidariologist and a professor of the Imperial University of Tokyo (Faculty of Agriculture) between 1908 and 1928. Kishinouye died in Chengdu of a sudden illness while on a collecting expedition to China ...
, 1907)
* '' Branchiostegus australiensis''
Dooley Dooley is an Irish surname. It is derived from the Gaelic ''Ó Dubhlaoich'' meaning 'descendant of Dubhlaoch', a given name composed of the elements ''dubh'' 'Black, pale' and ''laoch'' 'warrior, Champion. Champions later called Knights . Notable ...
& Kailola, 1988
(Australian tilefish) * '' Branchiostegus biendong'' Hiramatsu,
Vinh Vinh () is the capital of Nghệ An province and an economic and cultural center of North-Central Vietnam. A key point in the East–West economic corridor linking Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam, the city is situated in the Southeast of ...
, Endo, 2019
* '' Branchiostegus doliatus'' ( G. Cuvier, 1830) (Ribbed tilefish) * '' Branchiostegus gloerfelti''
Dooley Dooley is an Irish surname. It is derived from the Gaelic ''Ó Dubhlaoich'' meaning 'descendant of Dubhlaoch', a given name composed of the elements ''dubh'' 'Black, pale' and ''laoch'' 'warrior, Champion. Champions later called Knights . Notable ...
& Kailola, 1988
* '' Branchiostegus hedlandensis''
Dooley Dooley is an Irish surname. It is derived from the Gaelic ''Ó Dubhlaoich'' meaning 'descendant of Dubhlaoch', a given name composed of the elements ''dubh'' 'Black, pale' and ''laoch'' 'warrior, Champion. Champions later called Knights . Notable ...
& Kailola, 1988
(Port Hedland tilefish) * '' Branchiostegus ilocanus'' Herre, 1928 * '' Branchiostegus japonicus'' ( Houttuyn, 1782) (Horsehead tilefish) * '' Branchiostegus okinawensis'' Hiramatsu & Yoshino, 2012 * '' Branchiostegus paxtoni''
Dooley Dooley is an Irish surname. It is derived from the Gaelic ''Ó Dubhlaoich'' meaning 'descendant of Dubhlaoch', a given name composed of the elements ''dubh'' 'Black, pale' and ''laoch'' 'warrior, Champion. Champions later called Knights . Notable ...
& Kailola, 1988
(Paxton's tilefish) * '' Branchiostegus saitoi''
Dooley Dooley is an Irish surname. It is derived from the Gaelic ''Ó Dubhlaoich'' meaning 'descendant of Dubhlaoch', a given name composed of the elements ''dubh'' 'Black, pale' and ''laoch'' 'warrior, Champion. Champions later called Knights . Notable ...
& Iwatsuki, 2012
* ''
Branchiostegus sanae ''Branchiostegus sanae'', the Mononoke tilefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Malacanthidae. It is currently only known from a single location in the South China Sea, off the southern coast of Hainan. It can be easily told ...
'' Huang, Chen, Ke & Zhang, 2025 (Mononoke tilefish) * '' Branchiostegus sawakinensis'' Amirthalingam, 1969 (Freckled tilefish) * '' Branchiostegus semifasciatus'' (
Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 9th and 10th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norma ...
, 1931)
(Zebra tilefish) * '' Branchiostegus serratus''
Dooley Dooley is an Irish surname. It is derived from the Gaelic ''Ó Dubhlaoich'' meaning 'descendant of Dubhlaoch', a given name composed of the elements ''dubh'' 'Black, pale' and ''laoch'' 'warrior, Champion. Champions later called Knights . Notable ...
& Paxton, 1975
(Australian barred tilefish) * ''
Branchiostegus vittatus ''Branchiostegus vittatus'' is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a tilefish belonging to the family Malacanthidae 250px, Blue blanquillo, ''Malacanthus latovittatus'' Tilefishes are mostly small perciform marine fish comprising the fami ...
'' Herre, 1926 * '' Branchiostegus wardi'' Whitley, 1932 (Ward's tilefish)


Systematics

''Branchiostegus'' was created by the French naturalist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840) in 1815, with Lacépède's ''Coryphaenoides hottuynii'' (now recognised as a
synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...
of ''Branchiostegus japonicus'') as its
type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
. The genus name is a compound of ''branchios'' meaning "gill" and ''stegos'' meaning "cover". Rafinesque put this name forward without explanation but he placed the genus in a subfamily of Lophionota, an unavailable name for a grouping which approximates to the currently recognised
Coryphaenidae ''Coryphaena'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes known as the dolphinfishes, and is currently the only known genus in the family Coryphaenidae. The generic name is from Greek κορυφή (''koryphē'', "crown, top") and -αινα (-''aina' ...
, in which he put
dolphinfish ''Coryphaena'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes known as the dolphinfishes, and is currently the only known genus in the family Coryphaenidae. The generic name is from Greek κορυφή (''koryphē'', "crown, top") and -αινα (-''aina ...
es,
sailfish The sailfish is one or two species of marine fish in the genus ''Istiophorus'', which belong to the family Istiophoridae ( marlins). They are predominantly blue to gray in colour and have a characteristically large dorsal fin known as the ...
es and many other marine fishes and which were distinguished by the possession of branchiostegal membranes. The genus is currently placed in the
subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
Latilinae.


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1435304 Marine fish genera Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque