Emirate of Bradost or Emirate of Biradost (, 1510–1609) was a

hereditary Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic inform ...

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish language ** Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) **Central Kurdish (Sorani) **Southern Kurdish ** Laki Kurdish *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern ...

emirate, ruling roughly the area from

Rawandiz Rawandiz () is a city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, located in the Erbil Governorate in Soran, Iraq, Soran district, close to the Iran–Iraq border, borders with Iran and Iraq–Turkey border, Turkey. It is only 7 km from the city center ...

to Targavar and

Margavar Margavar Rural District () is in Silvaneh District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Ziveh. History According to Harry P. Packard of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, the r ...

south of

Urmia Urmia (; ) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. In the Central District of Urmia County, it is capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city is situated near the borders of Iran with Turkey and Iraq. ...

at its height. The emirate was founded in 1510 and acted as a bufferzone between the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

and

Safavid Iran The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the begi ...

throughout the 16th century. The emirate ultimately succumbed to the expansionist ambitions of the Ottomans and Safavids in

Kurdistan Kurdistan (, ; ), or Greater Kurdistan, is a roughly defined geo- cultural region in West Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. G ...

. The Biradost dynasty claimed descent from the

Hasanwayhids The Hasanwayhids or Hasanuyids (Kurdish: حەسنەوییەکان) were a Shia Kurdish dynasty reigning the western parts of Iran such as Iranian Azerbaijan and Zagros Mountains between Shahrizor and Khuzestan from c. 959 to 1015. The last Hasanwa ...

Geography and history

Biradost has been described as "a central upland consisting of valleys and partial basins surrounded by border ranges". In the 16th century, the emirate ruled Targavar, Margavar, Dul, Somay, and western Urmia. The emirate ascended from the chaos and political weakness of the Ottomans and Safavids where various Kurdish emirates came to existence. The founder of the emirate was Yusuf Beg who received the title Gazi Qiran by

Ismail I Ismail I (; 17 July 1487 – 23 May 1524) was the founder and first shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1501 until his death in 1524. His reign is one of the most vital in the history of Iran, and the Safavid period is often considered the beginn ...

in 1510 as he was given Somay, Targavar and Dol at the Ottoman front. As relations with the Ottomans improved, he received land around

Erbil Erbil (, ; , ), also called Hawler (, ), is the capital and most populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The city is the capital of the Erbil Governorate. Human settlement at Erbil may be dated back to the 5th millennium BC. At the h ...

Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...

and Diyarbakir by

Suleiman the Magnificent Suleiman I (; , ; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the Western world and as Suleiman the Lawgiver () in his own realm, was the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman sultan between 1520 a ...

after the

Battle of Chaldiran The Battle of Chaldiran (; ) took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans annexed Eastern Anatolia and Upper Mesopotamia from Safavid Iran. It marked ...

in 1514. Gazi Qiran would spy for the Ottomans and was approached by the Ottomans on how to conquer Iran. Around 1534, Emirate of Biradost attacked Safavid-held Urmia and was ultimately allowed to control it by the Ottomans. The emirate then attacked Adilcevaz in 1535. Gazi Qiran ruled until his death around 1543 and would be considered one of the most important Kurdish rulers in later generations. He moreover influenced

Soran Emirate Soran Emirate () was a medieval Kurdish emirate established before the conquest of Kurdistan by Ottoman Empire in 1514 and later revived by Emir Kor centered in Rawandiz from 1816 to 1836. Kor was ousted in an offensive by the Ottomans. Early ye ...

and the Gazi Qiran fortress was named after him. After the death of Gazi Qiran, his son Şah Muhemed Beg ruled the emirate until his death. He was succeeded by his son Budaq Beg who ruled until 1582. The last emir of Biradost Awliya Beg died in 1602 or 1603 and the

Safavid The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the begi ...

s ultimately took control of the emirate.

References

{{Reflist States and territories established in 1510 States and territories disestablished in 1609 Kurdish dynasties Former Kurdish states in Iran Former Kurdish states in Iraq History of West Azerbaijan province Safavid Iran

Geography and history

See also

References