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Bourke Blakemore Hickenlooper (July 21, 1896 – September 4, 1971), was an American politician and member of the Republican Party, first elected to statewide office in
Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...
as lieutenant governor, then 29th Governor of Iowa, then
US Senator The United States Senate is a chamber of the bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and House have the authority under Article One of the ...
.


Early life and education

Born in 1896 in
Blockton, Iowa Blockton is a city in Taylor County, Iowa, United States. The population was 125 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. History Blockton was founded by the Mormons in 1861, and it was originally known as Mormontown. A post office named ...
, to Nathan O. and Margaret A. Hickenlooper. His college education at
Iowa State College Iowa State University of Science and Technology (Iowa State University, Iowa State, or ISU) is a public land-grant research university in Ames, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1858 as the Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm, Iowa State be ...
in
Ames AMES, short Air Ministry Experimental Station, was the name given to the British Air Ministry's radar development team at Bawdsey Manor (afterwards RAF Bawdsey) in the immediate pre-World War II era. The team was forced to move on three occasion ...
was interrupted by his service in the
U.S. Army The United States Army (USA) is the primary land service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution.Article II, section 2, clause 1 of the United Stat ...
. In 1927, he married Verna Eilene Bensch and had two children.


World War I

He served as a Second Lieutenant of the 339th Field Artillery Regiment of the 85th Infantry Division in
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
during
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
. He served from May 1917 to March 1919.


Higher education

After his military service Hickenlooper finished his education at Iowa State, graduating in 1919, and then went on to the
University of Iowa College of Law The University of Iowa College of Law is the law school of the University of Iowa, located in Iowa City, Iowa. It was founded in 1865. History The law school was founded in 1865 by George Grover Wright and Chester C. Cole as an independent la ...
, where he received a law degree in 1922. He was admitted to the bar in 1922 and started practicing law in
Cedar Rapids, Iowa Cedar Rapids is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, and its county seat. The population was 137,710 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of cities in Iowa, second-most populous city in Iowa. The city lies o ...
.


Religion

Hickenlooper was a
Methodist Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christianity, Christian Christian tradition, tradition whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's brother ...
.


Political career


Local Office

Hickenlooper was first elected to the
Iowa House of Representatives The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed ...
in 1934. He served from 1935 to 1939.


Governor of Iowa

In 1938, he was elected to be the Lieutenant Governor of Iowa. He served from 1939 to 1943. In the 1942 election, governor
George A. Wilson George Allison Wilson (April 1, 1884 – September 8, 1953) was an American politician and lawyer. He was a United States Senate, United States Senator and List of Governors of Iowa, 28th Governor of Iowa. Personal background Born on a farm ne ...
did not run for re-election, instead he successfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate. Hickenlooper was elected to succeed Wilson, defeating former governor Nelson Kraschel 63% to 37%, serving one term from 1943-1945. As Governor Hickenlooper oversaw the rejection of the federal government’s soldier vote ballot, he also directed state funding to fund the
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
effort, and the endorsement of the participation in a world peace international organization. Hickenlooper did not seek re-election in
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
, instead he successfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate, narrowly defeating incumbent Democratic senator
Guy Gillette Guy Mark Gillette (February 3, 1879March 3, 1973) was an American politician and lawyer who served as a Democratic U.S. Representative (1933–1936) and Senator (1936–1945; 1949–1955) from Iowa. Throughout his Senate service, Gillette was ...
.


United States Senator

In the Senate, Hickenlooper was known as one of the most
conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civiliza ...
and
isolationist Isolationism is a term used to refer to a political philosophy advocating a foreign policy that opposes involvement in the political affairs, and especially the wars, of other countries. Thus, isolationism fundamentally advocates neutrality an ...
members of the Republican Party, and perhaps one of the most conservative American congressmen. He became one of the most powerful Republicans in the Senate, serving as the Republican Policy Committee Chairman from 1962 to 1969. In this position, he had an intense rivalry with
Everett Dirksen Everett McKinley Dirksen (January 4, 1896 – September 7, 1969) was an American politician. A Republican Party (United States), Republican, he represented Illinois in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. As P ...
, the Senate Republican leader at the time. Hickenlooper voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Janu ...
, but along with fellow conservative
Barry Goldwater Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was an American politician and major general in the United States Air Force, Air Force Reserve who served as a United States senator from 1953 to 1965 and 1969 to 1987, and was the Re ...
, voted against the
Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 () is a landmark civil rights and United States labor law, labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on Race (human categorization), race, Person of color, color, religion, sex, and nationa ...
. He also voted in favor of the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the
Voting Rights Act of 1965 The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the civil rights move ...
.


Legislation

The 1962 Hickenlooper Amendment to the foreign aid bill cuts off aid to any country expropriating U.S. property. The amendment was aimed at Castro's
Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...
, which had expropriated U.S.-owned and U.S.-controlled sugar plantations and refineries.


USS ''Liberty'' incident

Senator Hickenlooper was outraged by the 1967 USS ''Liberty'' incident and was one of the few Congressmen to call for an investigation. He was openly skeptical of Israel's mistaken identity explanation:
"From what I have read I can't tolerate for one minute that this was an accident. I think it was a deliberate assault on this ship. I think they had ample opportunity to identify it as an American ship. … What have we done about the ''Liberty''? Have we become so placid, so far as Israel is concerned or so far as that area is concerned, that we will take the killing of 37 icAmerican boys and the wounding of a lot more and the attack of an American ship in the open sea in good weather? We have seemed to say: 'Oh, well, boys will be boys.' What are you going to do about it? It is most offensive to me…It is inconceivable to me that the ship could not have been identified. According to everything I saw, the American flag was flying on this ship. It had a particular configuration. Even a landlubber could look at it and see that it has no characteristic configuration comparable to the so-called Egyptian ship they now try to say they mistook it for. It just doesn't add up to me. It is not at all satisfactory."


Death

On September 4, 1971, Hickenlooper died at the age of 75 while visiting friends in
Shelter Island, New York Shelter Island is an island Administrative divisions of New York#Town, town in eastern Suffolk County, New York, Suffolk County, New York (state), New York, United States, near the eastern end of Long Island. The population was 3,253 at the time ...
after suffering a heart attack. He was buried at the Cedar Memorial Park cemetery in
Cedar Rapids, Iowa Cedar Rapids is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, and its county seat. The population was 137,710 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of cities in Iowa, second-most populous city in Iowa. The city lies o ...
. His wife had died the year before in 1970.


References

, - , - , - , - , - , - , - {{DEFAULTSORT:Hickenlooper, Bourke B. 1896 births 1971 deaths Republican Party governors of Iowa Iowa lawyers Iowa State University alumni Lieutenant governors of Iowa American anti-communists University of Iowa College of Law alumni Republican Party United States senators from Iowa 20th-century Iowa politicians 20th-century United States senators