''Botrylloides'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts, is a paraphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer test or "tunic" made of the polysaccharid ...
tunicate
Tunicates are marine invertebrates belonging to the subphylum Tunicata ( ). This grouping is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates). The subphylum was at one time ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Styelidae
Styelidae is a family of ascidian tunicates.
Genera
*'' Alloeocarpa'' Michaelsen, 1900
*'' Arnbackia'' Brewin, 1950
*''Asterocarpa'' Brewin, 1946
*'' Bathyoncus'' Herdman, 1882
*'' Bathystyeloides'' Seeliger, 1907
*'' Berillia'' Brewin, 1952
* ...
.
Description
Like ''
Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls,
horseshoe crabs
Horseshoe crabs are arthropods of the family Limulidae and the only surviving xiphosurans. Despite their name, they are not true crabs or even crustaceans; they are chelicerates, more closely related to arachnids like spiders, ticks, and scorpi ...
,
seaweeds
Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. The term includes some types of ''Rhodophyta'' (red), '' Phaeophyta'' (brown) and ''Chlorophyta'' (green) macroalgae. Seaweed species such as ...
, and any still or slow-moving object in saltwater. Also both are considered to be
invasive, found in many ports around the world. Invasive tunicates such as these, ''
Didemnum
''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...
'' sp., and ''
Styela clava'' are a problem for
shellfish
Shellfish, in colloquial and fisheries usage, are exoskeleton-bearing Aquatic animal, aquatic invertebrates used as Human food, food, including various species of Mollusca, molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish ...
and other
marine life
Marine life, sea life or ocean life is the collective ecological communities that encompass all aquatic animals, aquatic plant, plants, algae, marine fungi, fungi, marine protists, protists, single-celled marine microorganisms, microorganisms ...
populations, and cause
fouling
Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces. The fouling materials can consist of either living organisms (biofouling, organic) or a non-living substance (inorganic). Fouling is usually distinguished from other surfac ...
of boats and piers.
Species within the genus ''Botrylloides'' include:
[Sanamyan, K. (2015)]
''Botrylloides'' Milne Edwards, 1841 .
In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23
* ''
Botrylloides anceps''
(Herdman, 1891)
* ''
Botrylloides aureum''
(Sars, 1851)
* ''
Botrylloides chevalense''
Herdman, 1906
* ''
Botrylloides diegensis''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
* ''
Botrylloides fuscus''
Saito & Watanabe, 1985
* ''
Botrylloides giganteum''
(PÈrËs, 1949)
* ''
Botrylloides israeliense''
Brunetti, 2009
* ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''
Botrylloides lenis''
Saito & Watanabe, 1985
* ''
Botrylloides lentus''
Saito & Watanabe, 1985
* ''
Botrylloides magnicoecum''
(Hartmeyer, 1912)
* ''
Botrylloides nigrum''
Herdman, 1886
* ''
Botrylloides perspicuus''
(Herdman, 1886)
* ''
Botrylloides pizoni''
Brunetti & Mastrototaro, 2012
* ''
Botrylloides saccus''
Kott, 2003
* ''
Botrylloides simodensis''
Saito & Watanabe, 1981
* ''
Botrylloides superbum''
(Drasche, 1883)
* ''
Botrylloides tyreum''
Herdman, 1886
* ''
Botrylloides violaceus''
Oka, 1927
Species names currently considered to be synonyms:
* ''Botrylloides albicans''
Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides aurantium''
Oka, 1927: synonym of ''
Botryllus aurantius''
(Oka, 1927)
* ''Botrylloides aurea''
Sars, 1851: synonym of ''
Botrylloides aureum''
(Sars, 1851)
* ''Botrylloides boloniense''
Giard, 1875: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides carnosum''
Oka, 1927: synonym of ''
Botrylloides violaceus''
Oka, 1927
* ''Botrylloides chazaliei''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botrylloides nigrum''
Herdman, 1886
* ''Botrylloides clavelina''
Giard, 1872: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides cyanescens''
Giard, 1888: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides diegense''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917: synonym of ''
Botrylloides diegensis''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
* ''Botrylloides eligulatum''
Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of ''
Botryllus tuberatus''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
* ''Botrylloides fulgurale''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides gregalis''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botryllus gregalis''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides insigne''
Giard, 1872: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides lateritium''
Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of ''
Botrylloides violaceus''
Oka, 1927
* ''Botrylloides leachi''
(Savigny, 1816): synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides leptum''
Herdman, 1899: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides maeandrium''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botryllus maeandrius''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides maeandrius''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botryllus maeandrius''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides magnicoecus''
Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of ''
Botrylloides magnicoecum''
(Hartmeyer, 1912)
* ''Botrylloides magnum''
(Ritter, 1901): synonym of ''
Botryllus magnus''
Ritter, 1901
* ''Botrylloides magnus''
: synonym of ''
Botryllus magnus''
Ritter, 1901
* ''Botrylloides meandrinum''
Sluiter: synonym of ''
Botryllus maeandrius''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides namei''
(Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928): synonym of ''
Botryllus planus''
(Van Name, 1902)
* ''Botrylloides niger''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides nigrum''
Herdman, 1886
* ''Botrylloides parvulum''
Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides parvulus''
Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides perspicuum''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides perspicuus''
(Herdman, 1886)
* ''Botrylloides planus''
: synonym of ''
Botryllus planus''
(Van Name, 1902)
* ''Botrylloides prostratum''
Giard, 1872: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides purpureum''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides pusilla''
Alder, 1863: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides radiata''
Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides ramulosa''
Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides rotifera''
Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides rubrum''
Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides rugosum''
Gottschaldt, 1894: synonym of ''
Botrylloides aureum''
(Sars, 1851)
* ''Botrylloides sparsa''
Alder, 1863: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides translucidum''
Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides vinosa''
Alder & Hancock, 1912: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides violaceum''
Oka, 1927: synonym of ''
Botrylloides violaceus''
Oka, 1927
References
External links
* http://www.exoticsguide.org/species_pages/b_violaceus.html
{{Authority control
Styelidae
Tunicate genera
Taxa named by Henri Milne-Edwards