''Bostrycapulus'', commonly known as the spiny slipper snails, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of sea snails, marine gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...

s in the family

Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141 o ...

, the slipper snails, cup-and-saucer snails and hat snails. Before 2005, the snails in this genus were all thought to belong to one species, which was known as ''

Crepidula aculeata ''Bostrycapulus aculeatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809 ...

'', the spiny slipper snail.Collin R. (2005). "Development, phylogeny, and taxonomy of'' Bostrycapulus'' (Caenogastropoda: Calyptraeidae), an ancient cryptic radiation". '' Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 144(1): 75-101. . However, morphological and DNA sequence data show that the spiny slipper snails are a monophyletic group that is more closely related to '' Crepipatella'' than it is to ''

Crepidula ''Crepidula'', commonly known as the slipper snails, slipper limpets, or slipper shells, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Calyptraeidae. This family includes the slipper snails (''Crepidula''), hat snails ('' Ca ...

''.

Taxonomy

Taxonomic history

All of the species within the genus'' Bostrycapulus'' were previously assigned to a single species, ''

''. However, molecular phylogenetic and anatomical work have shown them to be a separate

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

grouping or clade, which has elevated them to the genus status. DNA sequence data has also been used in combination with embryological observations to distinguish 8 species.

Species

Species within the genus ''Bostrycapulus'' include: * '' Bostrycapulus aculeatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) - type species * ''

Bostrycapulus calyptraeformis ''Bostrycapulus'', commonly known as the spiny slipper snails, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails, cup-and-saucer snails and hat snails. Before 2005, the snails in this genus w ...

'' (Deshayes, 1830) * ''

Bostrycapulus gravispinosus ''Bostrycapulus'', commonly known as the spiny slipper snails, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails, cup-and-saucer snails and hat snails. Before 2005, the snails in this genus w ...

'' (Kuroda and Habe, 1950) * ''

Bostrycapulus heteropoma ''Bostrycapulus heteropoma'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809 ...

'' Collin & Rolán, 2010Collin R. & Rolán E. (2010 2008". "''Bostrycapulus heteropoma'' n. sp. and ''Bostrycapulus tegulicius'' (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) from western Africa". ''The Veliger'' 51: 8-14
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* ''

Bostrycapulus latebrus ''Bostrycapulus latebrus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. ...

'' Collin, 2005 * ''

Bostrycapulus odites ''Bostrycapulus odites'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. Ac ...

'' Collin, 2005 * ''

Bostrycapulus pritzkeri ''Bostrycapulus pritzkeri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. ...

'' Collin, 2005 * '' Bostrycapulus tegulicius'' (Rochebrune, 1883) * ''

Bostrycapulus urraca ''Bostrycapulus urraca'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. Ac ...

'' Collin, 2005

References

* Collin R. 2005. ''Development, phylogeny, and taxonomy of Bostrycapulus (Caenogastropoda: Calyptraeidae), an ancient cryptic radiation''. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 144(1): 75-101

External links

* http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/collinlab/tree_species/bostrycapulus.html * http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/collinlab/tree_species/main.html Calyptraeidae {{Calyptraeidae-stub