Borshchiv Raion (), historically known as , was a

raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is c ...

(

district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...

) within

Ternopil Oblast Ternopil Oblast (), also referred to as Ternopilshchyna () or Ternopillia (), is an Oblasts of Ukraine, oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its Capital (political), administrative center is Ternopil, through which flows the Seret (river), Seret, a tribu ...

in western

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

, in a historical region known as Galicia and bordering Podollia. The

administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...

of the raion was Borshchiv, its only city. The district encompassed Borshchiv, two towns, five

hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...

s and 70 villages. Mainly agricultural, its warmer climate supported a variety of crops including wheat, sugar beets, tobacco, barley, and hemp. The district's human history dates back to the

Palaeolithic The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic ( years ago) ( ), also called the Old Stone Age (), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehist ...

and

Neolithic The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Ancient Greek, Greek 'new' and 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia, Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revo ...

periods and several archaeological sites have been dated back to the earliest human occupation of Ukraine, as well as to later

Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

occupations. During the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

, modern-day Borshchiv Raion fell under

Kievan Rus' Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus,. * was the first East Slavs, East Slavic state and later an amalgam of principalities in Eastern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical At ...

and then Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth rule. The raion was merged into

Chortkiv Raion Chortkiv Raion () is a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its capital (political), administrative center is the city of Chortkiv. It has a population of History In the Second Polish Republic, the area belonged to the County of Kopczync ...

on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine. The last estimate of the raion population was

History

Prehistory and antiquity

Some of the earliest traces of human occupation in Ukraine have been found in Borshchiv Raion and broader Podollia, and several archaeological sites dating back to the

and

periods are located inside the district. At Verteba Cave near Bilche-Zolote, traces of the Trypillian culture (dated to ) include pottery and ceramics, tools and human and animal bones scattered around a

hearth A hearth () is the place in a home where a fire is or was traditionally kept for home heating and for cooking, usually constituted by a horizontal hearthstone and often enclosed to varying degrees by any combination of reredos (a low, partial ...

. Nearby, traces of an associated Neolithic village, called Naddnistriansky Pompei ("

Pompeii Pompeii ( ; ) was a city in what is now the municipality of Pompei, near Naples, in the Campania region of Italy. Along with Herculaneum, Stabiae, and Villa Boscoreale, many surrounding villas, the city was buried under of volcanic ash and p ...

on the Dniester River") by archaeologists, have been located. Early settlements were aided by the region's rivers, which provided ample opportunity for fishing; early humans here hunted and fished before later engaging in agriculture. Local

artifact assemblages and sites in Borshchiv Raion, including

amphorae An amphora (; ; English ) is a type of container with a pointed bottom and characteristic shape and size which fit tightly (and therefore safely) against each other in storage rooms and packages, tied together with rope and delivered by land ...

, pottery and stone

cist In archeology, a cist (; also kist ; ultimately from ; cognate to ) or cist grave is a small stone-built coffin-like box or ossuary used to hold the bodies of the dead. In some ways, it is similar to the deeper shaft tomb. Examples occur ac ...

gravesites, are associated with

Thracian The Thracians (; ; ) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Southeast Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied the area that today is shared between north-eastern Greece, ...

and

Scythian The Scythians ( or ) or Scyths (, but note Scytho- () in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC fr ...

occupation. Later cultures, including the Romans,

Celts The Celts ( , see Names of the Celts#Pronunciation, pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples ( ) were a collection of Indo-European languages, Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apoge ...

, Antes,

Huns The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was par ...

and

Goths The Goths were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe. They were first reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 3rd century AD, living north of the Danube in what is ...

, also left traces in the surrounding area.

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Following the 1240 Siege of Kiev, Borshchiv was included within the

Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia The Principality or, from 1253, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia, Kingdom of Rus', or Kingdom of Russia, also Halych–Volhynian Kingdom was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349. I ...

. After the fall of that kingdom in the mid-14th century, Borshchiv Raion was controlled by Lithuania, then Poland, and finally by the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...

. This period of rule brought an influx of Polish nobles, who established

serfdom Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery. It developed du ...

s under which the indigenous Ukrainian inhabitants worked on nobility-owned farms. As part of Poland, the district was called Bezirk Borszczów and belonged to the

Podolia Voivodeship The Podolian Voivodeship or Palatinate of Podolia was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland, from 1434 until 1793, except for the period of Ottoman occupation (1672–1699), when the region was organized ...

. Beginning in the 15th century, Galicia as a whole began experiencing raids from the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

and the

Tatars Tatars ( )Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary are a group of Turkic peoples across Eas ...

, being on the border of these civilizations. These raids devastated the region, destroying entire villages, and either killing or enslaving the inhabitants. Following the

Khmelnytsky Uprising The Khmelnytsky Uprising, also known as the Cossack–Polish War, Khmelnytsky insurrection, or the National Liberation War, was a Cossack uprisings, Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Poli ...

, the part of Ukraine containing Borshchiv Raion was transferred to Ottoman rule between 1672 and 1699. Bezirk Borszczow

Poland later regained control of this lost territory, but by the late 18th century, the commonwealth was beginning to decline. During the

Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partition (politics), partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place between 1772 and 1795, toward the end of the 18th century. They ended the existence of the state, resulting in the eli ...

, Borshchiv Raion was included in a transfer to the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a Multinational state, multinational European Great Powers, great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the Habsburg monarchy, realms of the Habsburgs. Duri ...

. Serfdom was abolished in 1848.

20th century–present

After the end of the

Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consist ...

following World War I, Borshchiv Raion again became part of Poland, which reinstated

tenant farming A tenant farmer is a farmer or farmworker who resides and works on land owned by a landlord, while tenant farming is an Agrarian system, agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating Ca ...

. A second wave of Polish immigration followed, mainly of

Masurians The Masurians or Mazurs (; ; Masurian dialects, Masurian: ''Mazurÿ''), historically also known as Prussian Masurians (Polish language, Polish: ''Mazurzy pruscy''), are an ethnic group originating from the region of Masuria, within the Warmian- ...

. Simultaneously, a wave of mass emigration was occurring, heralded by extreme levels of poverty and oppressive government policies. In 1940, the Masurians in Borshchiv Raion were deported by

Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...

under order from

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...

. The district then came under Soviet rule until the

fall of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration No. 142-N of the Soviet of Nationalities, Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. :s: ...

, when Ukraine gained independence. Dozens of Jews survived the

Holocaust The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ...

by hiding in Priest's Grotto, a natural cave near Strilkivtsi. On 18 July 2020, Borshchiv Raion was merged into

as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three.

Geography

Borshchiv Raion was a roughly wedge-shaped district in southern

, western Ukraine, at the convergence of the Galicia, Podollia and

Bukovina Bukovina or ; ; ; ; , ; see also other languages. is a historical region at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe. It is located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains, today divided betwe ...

regions. It was bounded on the east by Husiatyn Raion, Chortkiv Raion to the north, Zalishchyky Raion to the west, and

Chernivtsi Oblast Chernivtsi Oblast (), also referred to as Chernivechchyna (), is an oblast (province) in western Ukraine, consisting of the northern parts of the historical regions of Bukovina and Bessarabia. It has an international border with Romania and Moldo ...

to the south. Its southern boundary follows the

Dniester River The Dniester ( ) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Uk ...

and the eastern follows the Zbruch River, which converge in the southeastern corner of the raion near Okopy. The territory of Borshchiv raion was . Borshchiv Raion sits atop the

Podolian Upland The Podolian Upland (Podolian Plateau) or Podillia Upland (, ''Podilska vysochyna'') is a highland area in southwestern Ukraine, on the left (northeast) bank of the Dniester River, with small portions in its western extent stretching into easter ...

, a high plateau pushed up from the ancient Sarmatian Sea by pressure exerted from the shifting

Carpathian Mountains The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Ural Mountains, Urals at and the Scandinav ...

, generating abundant deposits of

gypsum Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate Hydrate, dihydrate, with the chemical formula . It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, drywall and blackboard or sidewalk ...

and

limestone Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science) ...

. An ice sheet covered the area until the

Last Glacial Maximum The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), also referred to as the Last Glacial Coldest Period, was the most recent time during the Last Glacial Period where ice sheets were at their greatest extent between 26,000 and 20,000 years ago. Ice sheets covered m ...

. When this melted, rivers and streams carved out valleys, ravines and subterranean caverns. This topography has also created many

mineral springs Mineral springs are naturally occurring springs that produce hard water, water that contains dissolved minerals. Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage underg ...

. The local climate tends to be warmer than many areas of Ukraine, and hard frosts are rare. Although some natural forests exist, the landscape is dominated by farmland, orchards, and ranches.

Demographics

In 2020, the district's population was ; of this, 19,621 were urban inhabitants (mostly concentrated in Borshchiv). In 1931, 15,559 urban residents were recorded, and an additional 87,588 inhabitants in other villages and rural areas. Of these residents, 50.9% were of Ukrainian descent, 44.7% Polish, and about 4.5% Jewish. In 1989, the population was estimated to be about 80,000.

Economy

The land comprising Borshchiv Raion remains mostly agricultural. Supported by abundant rainfall and milder winters than most of Ukraine, the main crops included sugar beets, sunflowers, wheat, barley, tobacco, potatoes, corn and hemp; orchards of fruit and nuts; and honey from apiaries. Livestock farming was also popular and included chickens, geese, cows, and pigs. Historically, sheep were also reared in the district. Besides agriculture, skilled crafts also contributed to its economy and culture and included blacksmithing, weaving and

embroidery Embroidery is the art of decorating Textile, fabric or other materials using a Sewing needle, needle to stitch Yarn, thread or yarn. It is one of the oldest forms of Textile arts, textile art, with origins dating back thousands of years across ...

, cobbling, and masonry. These industries were often season-dependent, being practiced more out of harvest.

Culture

Borshchiv Raion—and the area of Chortkiv Raion comprising it today—culturally resembled Podollia. As a rural, agricultural district, its festivals and customs heavily relied on the seasons and harvest schedule.

Clothing

Traditional clothing Folk costume, traditional dress, traditional attire or folk attire, is clothing of an ethnic group, nation or region, and expresses Cultural identity, cultural, Religious identity, religious or national identity. An ethnic group's clothing may a ...

in the district depended on use and ceremony. The prevalence of manual labor called for simpler, lightly ornamented clothing for everyday wear. However, heavily embroidered '' vyshyvanky'' were used for important events, such as church attendance, festivals, holidays and celebrations. ''Vyshyvanky'' or ''sorochky'', the Ukrainian folk shirt, is defined by its ornamentation; for men, embroidery is relegated to the collar and cuffs, but on women's ''sorochky'', decoration extends to the sleeves and is more lavish. Styles can often be traced to one region and may vary between villages. Most ''sorochky'' were made of hemp, but the richest residents could afford to have them made from linen. Women's ''sorochky'' for festivals contained shoulder inserts that prevented them from waving their arms. Borshchiv Raion is distinct in its use of heavy embroidery made of thick black wool, thicker than the shirt material, giving the piece a raised texture. Plant and simple geometric designs were commonly used. Sometimes, smaller threads in different colors, sequins, beads, and other adornments were included. Funeral shirts in Hermakivka were often embroidered with thread colored yellow by marigolds. Folklore provides several explanations for the origin of the black embroidery. One theory is that the practice originated after invaders killed almost every man in the local villages, and the women adopted the black threads in mourning. Other legends alternately suggest the practice came to a local woman in a dream to end a drought, or that the black wool was used in hopes it would promote good health and protect wearers from disease.

Subdivisions

Hromadas

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of five

s: * Bilche-Zolote rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Bilche-Zolote; *

Borshchiv urban hromada Borshchiv urban hromada () is a hromada of Ukraine, in Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast Ternopil Oblast (), also referred to as Ternopilshchyna () or Ternopillia (), is an Oblasts of Ukraine, oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its Capital (polit ...

with the administration in Borshchiv; * Ivane-Puste rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Ivane-Puste; * Melnytsia-Podilska settlement hromada with the administration in the

urban-type settlement Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the So ...

of Melnytsia-Podilska; * Skala-Podilska settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of

Skala-Podilska Skala-Podilska (; ; ; ) or Skala upon Zbruch (; ; ) is a Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements, rural settlement in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine over the Zbruch River. It hosts the administration of Skala-Podilska settlemen ...

Urban-type settlements

There were two

s in the former Borshchiv Raion, Melnytsia-Podilska and

Villages

There were over 70 villages (''selo'') within the raion. Names are given in transliterated Ukrainian followed by the historical Polish names in parentheses. * Babyntsi (''Babińce'') is located south of Borshchiv. The name derives from the Ukrainian word "baba" (grandmother, woman). It was an old Rus fortified settlement with ramparts around it, which are preserved. * Berezhanka (''Bereżanka'') is located on a peninsula inside a narrowing of the Zbruch River. * Bilivtsi (''Bielowce'') is a small village on the banks of the Dniester River. * Bilche-Zolote (''Bilcze Złote'') is a village with a park of , of which are planted with 400-year-old trees. Bilche Zolote is located some west of Borshchiv. The village is known for a significant Neolithic Cucuteni-Trypillian culture archaeological site dating back to the 4th millennium B.C., a small palace, and the large gypsum

karst Karst () is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and Dolomite (rock), dolomite. It is characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground. Ther ...

Verteba Cave, which was used in

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

as a hiding place for Ukrainian Jews who fled the Nazis during

The Holocaust in Ukraine The Holocaust saw the systematic mass murder of Jews in the '' Reichskommissariat Ukraine'', the General Government, the Crimean General Government and some areas which were located to the east of ''Reichskommissariat Ukraine'' (all of those ar ...

, a story that was featured in the June/July 2004 issue of the '' National Geographic Adventure Magazine'', as well as numerous other journal articles. * Boryshkivtsi (''Boryszkowce'') has archaeological sites dating back to antiquity. * Burdiakivtsi (''Burdiakowce'') is northeast of Borshchiv. It is not far from the

Zbruch The Zbruch (; ) is a river in Western Ukraine, a left tributary of the Dniester.Збруч

Dnistrove (''Wołkowce nad Dniestrem''), located on the Dniester River. * Dubivka (''Dębówka'') * Dzvynyachka (''Dźwiniaczka''), briefly called Komunarivka between 1964 and 1990. * Dzvenyhorod (''Dźwinogród'') has an Assumption Church (Uspenska tserkva) with belfry. It is located on the slope of a mountain next to the Dniester (Dnister) river. The church dates from 1801 but the western part was reconstructed in 1861. The village is located in the southern part of the Borshchiv district, on the bank of the Dniester river (during 1920–1939 when Dzvenyhorod was part of Poland, the river Dniester was the border between Poland and Romania's Bukovina). * Hermakivka (''Germakówka'') is a small village, located southeast of Borshchiv, west of the river Zbruch. The Zbruch was the border between the Austrian and Russian empires during 1772–1918. (Hermakivka was on the Austrian side of the river). What is remarkable about Hermakivka is that there is a Trayan wall (Wal Trajana in Polish and Trajaniv Val in Ukrainian), south of the village. It stretches from Hermakivka south via Zalissia and Kdryntis to the river Dniester. The Trayan wall was built by the Romans (under the emperor

Trajan Trajan ( ; born Marcus Ulpius Traianus, 18 September 53) was a Roman emperor from AD 98 to 117, remembered as the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. He was a philanthropic ruler and a successful soldier ...

), as the northeastern border of the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...

(province of

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It thus ro ...

). * Hlybochok (''Głęboczek''), a predominantly Polish settlement with a history dating back to about the 3rd millennium BCE. * Holihrady, Goligrady (''Holihrady'') is located on the left bank of the Seret river, southwest of Borshchiv. The village has an old stone church and a cave. * Horodok (''Gródek'') is on the

isthmus An isthmus (; : isthmuses or isthmi) is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea count ...

of the Seret and Dniester rivers, southeast of Borshchiv, not far from the town of

Zalishchyky Zalishchyky or Zalischyky (, ; ) is a small city located on the Dniester River in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Zalishchyky urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Etymolog ...

. Note that there is major town with the same name in the

Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

region of Western Ukraine. The name literally means "little town". It had an old pre-historical settlement and a burial ground was also discovered here. * Horoshova (''Horoszowa'') * Hrabivtsi (''Hrabiwci'') * Hushtyn (''Gusztyn'') * Hushtynka (''Gusztynek'') * Ivane-Puste (''Iwanie Puste'') has traces of occupation dating back to . It has the wooden church of St. John the Evangelist with a belfry. The church dates from 1775 (Polish kingdom times, two years before Ivane-Puste came under Austrian rule) and is a monument to the old Podolian school of people's architecture. *

Ivankiv Ivankiv ( ) is a rural settlement in Vyshhorod Raion, Kyiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is situated on the left bank of the Teteriv River. Ivankiv hosts the administration of Ivankiv settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its po ...

(''Iwanków'') * Kapustyntsi (''Kapuścińce'') is northwest of Borshchiv, on the left bank of the river Seret. The name comes from the Slavic root "kapusta" (cabbage). There used to be a Rus settlement here and there was also a medieval town. * Kasparivtsi (''Kasparowce'') is located southwest of Borshchiv, on the river Seret. Many old coins have been found in this village. It has an eighteenth-century stone church. * Khudiivtsi (''Chudyjowce'') has traces of occupation dating back to the first century CE. * Khudykivtsi (''Chudykowce'') was first mentioned in 1410. * Konstantsiya (''Konstancja'') * Korolivka (''Korolówka'') is south of Borshchiv. Korolivka boasts a palace and cave. * Kozachchyna (''Kozaczówka'') *

Kryvche Kryvche (, ), a village in Ukraine, is located within Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast. It belongs to Borshchiv urban hromada, one of the hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative ...

(''Krzywcze'') is known mainly because of its cave system, one of the longest in the world. It is also known for

Kryvche Castle Kryvche Castle () is located in Kryvche, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It was built in the first half of the 17th century by the Kątski family, and an architectural monument of national importance.Verkhne Kryvche (''Krzywcze Górne'') and Nizhne Kryvche (''Krzywcze Dolne''). * Kudryntsi (''Kudryńce'') also boasts a 17th-century castle. This one is located on the plateau of a steep mountain over the river Zbruch. This river was the border between the Austrian and Russian empires. Kudryntsi was on the right bank of Zbruch, i.e. the Austrian side. The original

wójt A wójt is the highest administrative officer of a Polish ''rural gmina'', i.e., of a commune (''gmina'') comprising only villages. (The head of a town or city is called, respectively, the ''burmistrz'' or "president".) History and etymology T ...

s of this region were of the noble house Kudrycki z Kudrynce h. Labedz i.e. Herb Labedz; from the period predating the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, probably of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The castle was fortified about 1386 following the Kreva agreement. Legend has it the castle is linked with Kryvche via underground sandstone caves. This castle fortress is also built of sandstone, but it is non-regular in plan and has three corner towers. It was reconstructed in the 18th century. The Trayan Wall passes through Kudryntsi (from Hermakivka via Zalissia and Kudryntsi south to the river Dniester). This wall was built by the Roman emperor

, and served as the north-eastern border of the

. * Kulakivtsi (''Kułakowce'') is southwest of Borshchiv, on the isthmus of the rivers Dniester and Seret. The name comes from the Slavic word "kulak" (fist). The village has a 19th-century wooden church. * Lanivtsi (''Łanowce'') is northwest of Borshchiv. It has the remains of an old fortified settlement. * Latkivtsi (''Łatkowce'') * Losyach (''Łosiacz'') * Mikhalkiv (''Michałków'') * Mykhailivka (''Michałówka'') * Monastyrok (''Monastyrek'') was briefly renamed Mizhhirya during Soviet times. * Mushkariv (''Muszkarów'') * Mushkativka (''Muszkatówka'') * Nyvra (''Niwra'') * Okopy * Oleksyntsi (''Oleksińce'') * Ozeriany (''Jezierzany'') was once a noble estate. It has the Church of St. Anne. As it grew, it absorbed a smaller community, Jezierzanka. * Panivtsi (''Paniowce'') * Pidpylypya (''Podfilipie'') * Pylatkivtsi (''Piłatkowce'') * Pylypche (''Filipkowce'') has some of the oldest traces of local settlements, dating back to . * Pyshchatyntsi (''Piszczatyńce'') * Sapohiv (''Sapohów'') * Shershenivka (''Szerszeniowce'') * Shuparka (''Szuparka'') * Shyshkivtsi (''Szyszkowce'') * Skoviatyn (''Skowiatyn'') * Slobidka-Mushkativs'ka (''Słobódka Muszkatowiecka'') * Strilkivtsi (''Strzałkowce'') * Triitsia (''Trójca'') has occupying dating back to . * Trubchyn (''Trubczyn'') * Tsyhany (''Cygany''), also called ''Rudka''. * Tulyn (''Tulin'') * Turylche (''Turylcze'') absorbed a smaller village, ''Słobódka Turylecka''. * Urozhaine (''Babince'') was known as Babyntsi before 1964 (not to be confused with the other settlement of the same name). * Ustia (''Uście Biskupie'') * Verbivka (''Wierzbówka'') * Verkhnyakivtsi (''Wierzchniakowce'') * Vilkhovets (''Olchowiec'') * Vovkivtsi (''Wołkowce koło Borszczowa'') * Vyhoda (''Wygoda Boryszkowiecka'') * Vysichka (''Wysuczka'') * Yuryampil (''Jurjampol'') * Zalissia (''Zalesie'') * Zavallya (''Zawale'') * Zbruchanske (''Zbruczańskie'', ''Czarnokozieniecka'' or ''Nowosiółka Biskupia'') absorbed the smaller village of Młynówka in the early 20th century. * Zbryzh (''Zbrzyż'') * Zelene (''Zelene'') * Zhylyntsi (''Zielińce'')

References

{{Authority control Former raions of Ternopil Oblast 1940 establishments in Ukraine Ukrainian raions abolished during the 2020 administrative reform