Borophosphates

The borophosphates are mixed anion compounds containing borate and phosphate anions, which may be joined together by a common oxygen atom. Compounds that contain water or hydroxy groups can also be included in the class of compounds.

Borophosphates can be classified by whether or not they are hydrated, and the anion structure, which can be single, double, triple, isolated ring, isolated branched ring, simple chain, branched chain, loop chain, layers, or three-dimensional network. The isolated anion compounds are the borate phosphates, which contain separate borate and phosphate groups. Some of the borophosphate structures resemble silicates.

Related compounds include aluminophosphates, which have aluminium instead of boron, gallophosphates, with gallium in place of boron, and by substituting the phosphate: boroarsenates, boroantimonates, and vanadoborates.

Formation

Borophosphates can be formed by heating compounds together at up to 900 Â°C. The products are dense, anhydrous, and do not contain organic substances.

Solvothermal synthesis uses a non water solvent such as ethylene glycol to dissolve the product.

The flux method crystallises from a molten flux of boric acid and sodium dihydrogen phosphate at around 171.

The hydrothermal method heats the ingredients with water under pressure up to 200 Â°C. The ingredients are boric acid, phosphoric acid, metal salts, or organic bases. Products often contain hydrogen.

The ionothermal synthesis method uses an ionic liquid such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as a solvent. This can be done at atmospheric pressure and temperatures under 100 Â°C.

Characteristics

Borophosphate compounds have been investigated for magnetic, electrical, optical and catalytic properties. Some borophosphates are porous and so have surface for interaction on their interiors, not just their surface. They can reversibly absorb water, or have channels that can allow ions to conduct. The reflection of a labelled tetrahedron cannot be superimposed (even with rotation or movements), so the compounds containing phosphate and borate tetrahedrons can be non-centrosymmetric, or chiral.

List

₅]·22.5H₂O, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , ₄H H₄(VO)₁₂₆·14H₂O, , orthorhombic, , ''Pbca'', , ''a''=21.45, ''b''=16.315, ''c''=29.65, Z=4, , 10378, , 1.920, , , ,
, -
, , , ₄H (VO)₁₂₆·16H₂O, , orthorhombic, , ''Pbca'', , ''a''=21.537, ''b''=16.267, ''c''=29.717, Z=4, , 10411, , 1.996, , , ,
, -
, , , KV P₂O₈(OH), triclinic, , ''P'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Cr₂ (PO₄)₃, , , P6₃/m, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Na, , monoclinic, , ''C''2/''c'', , ''a''=10.4220, ''b''=8.2468, ''c''=9.2053, β=116.568°, Z=4, , 707.63, , , , , ,
, -
, , , Na₈ r₄B₁₂P₈O₄₄(OH)₄P₂O₇]·''n''H₂O, , , , ''I''23, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Na₁₁K₅ aCr₈B₄P₁₂O₆₀H₈·H₂O, , , , ''Pmnn'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , H₂Mn₅(H₂O)₆ P₂O₈sub>4•4H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.655, ''c''=15.791, Z=1.5, , , , , , pale pink, ,
, -
, , , Mn PO₄(OH)₂, , , ''P''3₂21, , ''a''=7.5750, ''c''=12.927, Z=6, , 642.37, , 3.020, , , ,
, -
, , , LiMn(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈(OH)·H₂O, , , , ''P''6₅22, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
,
, (NH₄)Mn(H₂O)₂(BP₂O₈)·H₂O
,
, ''P''6₅22
, ''a'' = 9.6559, ''c'' = 15.7939
, 1275.3
,
,
,
, -
, , , H₄sub>4 n₉B₂(OH)₂(HPO₄)₄(PO₄)₆, monoclinic, , ''C''2/''c'', , ''a''=32.603, ''b''=10.617, ''c''=10.718, β=108.26°, Z=4, , 3523, , 2.971, , light pink, ,
, -
, , , (NH₄)₆ n₃B₆P₉O₃₆(OH)₃·4H₂O, , , , ''C''2, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , (NH₄)₇Mn₄(H₂O) ₂P₄O₁₅(OH)₂sub>2 ₂PO₄HPO₄], , , , ''Pnma'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , (C₃H₁₂N₂) nB₂P₃O₁₂(OH), , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , (C₄H₁₂N₂) nB₂P₃O₁₂(OH), , , ''Ima''2, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , NaMn(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈€¢H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.589, ''c''=15.939, , , , , , loop branched chain, ,
, -
, , , Na₅(H₃O)·2H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₃/''m'', , ''a''=11.9683, ''c''=12.1303, Z=2, , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Na₅(NH₄)Mn_{3 9}P₂O₃₃(OH)₃·H₂O, , , , ''P''6₃, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Na₂ nB₃P₂O₁₁(OH)·H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₃, , ''a''=11.940, ''c''=12.098, Z=6, , , , 2.670, , colourless, ,
, -
, , , KMnBP₂O₇(OH)₂, , monoclinic, , ''P''2₁/''c'', , ''a''=6.659, ''b''=12.049, ''c''=9.790, β=109.12°, Z=4, , 742.2, , , , orange-red luminescence, ,
, -
, , , KMn(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈€¢H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.639, ''c''=15.931, , , , , , loop branched chain, ,
, -
, , , K₅Mn₂B₂P₅O₁₉(OH)₂, , , , ''P''2₁/''n'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Fe^III₂ (PO₄)₃, , , ''P''6₃/''m'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Fe ₂P₂O₇(OH)₅, monoclinic, , ''C''2/''c'', , ''a''=17.745, ''b''=6.720, ''c''=7.059, β=109.01°, Z=4, , 796, , 2.808, , unbranched chain, ,
, -
, , , Fe(H₂O)₂BP₂O₈·H₂O, , hexagonal, , , , ''a''=9.4583, ''c''=15.707, Z=6, , 1216.9, , 2.543, , , ,
, -
, , , Fe PO₄(OH)₂, , , ''P''3₂21, , ''a''=7.4844, ''c''=12.844, Z=6, , 623.06, , 3.129, , , ,
, -
, , , Fe^II(H₂O)_{2 2}P₂O₈(OH)₂·H₂O, , , , ''P''2₁/''c'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Fe_1.834^IIFe_0.166^IIIB_0.5 O₃(OH)sub>0.8(HPO₃)_2.033, , cubic, , ''I''3''d'', , ''a''=21.261, Z=48, , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , NH₄Fe^III P₂O₈(OH), monoclinic, , P2₁/c, , ''a''=9.393, ''b''=8.285, ''c''=9.689, β=102.07°, Z=4, , 737.4, , , , , ,
, -
, , , (NH₄)_0.75Fe(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈·H₂O, , , , ''P''6₅22, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , (C₃H₁₂N₂) eB₂P₃O₁₂(OH), , , ''Ima''2, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , (C₄H₁₂N₂) eB₂P₃O₁₂(OH), , , ''Ima''2, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , ( dienH₃)( dienH₂)_0.5 e^II*III₂B₄P₇O₂₆(OH)₄, , , ''P'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , NaFe P₂O₇(OH)₃, , , , , , , , , , , triple, ,
, -
, sodium diaquoiron(II) ''catena''- onoboro-diphosphatemonohydrate, , NaFe(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈€¢H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.499, ''c''=15.931, , , , , , loop branched chain, ,
, -
, , , Na₂ eB₃P₂O₁₁(OH)·H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₃, , ''a''=11.812, ''c''=12.067, Z=6, , , , 2.742, , light yellow, ,
, -
, potassium diaquoiron(II) ''catena''- onoboro-diphosphatehemihydrate, , KFe(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈€¢H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.510, ''c''=15.952, , , , , , loop branched chain, ,
, -
, , , K₂Fe_{2 2}P₄O₁₆(OH)₂, monoclinic, , P2₁/c, , a=9.372, b=8.146, c=9.587, β=101.18°, Z=2, , 718.0, , , , B₂P₂O₄ ring with phosphate sides, ,
, -
, , , KFeBP₂O₈(OH), , , , ''P''2₁/''c'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , CaFe P₂O₇(OH)₃, , , ''C''2/''c'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Ca_0.5Fe(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈·H₂O, , , , ''P''6₅22, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Co₅ P₃O₁₄, , , , , , , , , , , double + phosphate, ,
, -
, , , Co₃ PO₇, monoclinic, , ''Cm'', , ''a''=9.774, ''b''=12.688, ''c''=4.9057, β=119.749°, Z=4, , 528.2, , , , , ,
, -
, , , Co PO₄(OH)₂, , , ''P''3₁21, , ''a''=7.4554, ''c''=12.7397, Z=6, , 613.24, , 3.229, , , ,
, -
, , , (NH₄)₇Co₄(H₂O) ₂P₄O₁₅(OH)₂sub>2 ₂PO₄HPO₄], , , , ''Pnma'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , (NH₄)₈ o₂B₄P₈O₃₀(OH)₄, , , ''P''1, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
,
, (NH₄)Co(H₂O)₂(BP₂O₈)·H₂O
,
, ''P''6₁22
, ''a'' = 9.501 ''c'' = 15.582
, 1218.2
,
,
,
, -
, , , Co^II(H₂O)_{2 2}P₂O₈(OH)₂·H₂O, , , , ''P''2₁/''c'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , o(en)₃B₂P₃O₁₁(OH)₂], , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , CoB₂P₃O₁₂(OH)·H₂ Ethylenediamine, en, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Co(C₄H₁₂N₂) ₂P₃O₁₂(OH), orthorhombic, , ''Ima''2, , ''a''=12.4635, ''b''=9.4021, ''c''=11.4513, Z=4, , 1341.90, , , , , ,
, -
, , , H₂Co₅(H₂O)₆ P₂O₈sub>4•4H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.639, ''c''=15.931, Z=1.5, , , , , , purple, ,
, -
, , , LiCo(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈·H₂O, , , , ''P''6₅22, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , NaCo(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈€¢H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.455, ''c''=15.847, , , , , , loop branched chain, ,
, -
, , , NaCoH₂BP₂O₉, , monoclinic, , P2₁/c, , ''a''=6.547, ''b''=11.404, ''c''=9.650, β=107.37, , 687.6, , 2.905, , pink; discovered in Tunisia, ,
, -
, , , Na₂ oB₃P₂O₁₁(OH)·H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₃, , ''a''=11.759, ''c''=12.099, Z=6, , , , 2.781, , purple, ,
, -
, , , Na₅(H₃O)·2H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₃/''m'', , ''a''=11.7691, ''c''=12.112, Z=2, , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Na₆Co₃B₂P₅O₂₁Cl·H₂O, , , , ''Pnma'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , KCo(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈€¢H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.483, ''c''=15.827, , , , , , loop branched chain, ,
, -
, , , CaCo(H₂O) P₂O₈(OH)·H₂O, , , , ''P'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , (K_0.17Ca_0.42)Co(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈·H₂O, , , , ''P''6₅22, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , (Co_0.6Mn_0.4)₂(H₂O) P₃O₉(OH)₄, , , ''P''2₁2₁2₁, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, cobalt borophosphate ethylenediamine, , CoB₂P₃O₁₂(OH)· en, , orthorhombic, , ''Pbca'', , ''a''=9.3501, ''b''=12.2426, ''c''=20.880, , 2,390.1, , 2.471, , purple; layered, ,
, -
, , , (NH₄)₇Co₄(H₂O) ₂P₄O₁₅(OH)₂sub>2 ₂PO₄HPO₄], , Orthorhombic, , ''Pnma'', , ''a''=16.9206, ''b''=10.5592, ''c''=22.000, Z=4, , 3,930.6, , 2.386, , pink, ,
, -
, , , (NH₄)₂(C₄H₁₂N₂) o₂B₄P₆O₂₄(OH)₂·H₂O, , , , ''I''4₁/''a'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , NiBPO₄(OH)₂, , , , ''P''3₁21, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Ni(H₂O)_{2 2}P₂O₈(OH)₂·H₂O, , , , ''P''2₁/''c'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , LiNi(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈·H₂O, , , , ''P''6₅22, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , NaNi(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈€¢H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.371, ''c''=15.831, , , , , , loop branched chain, ,
, -
, , , Na₂ iB₃P₂O₁₁(OH)·H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₃, , ''a''=11.728, ''c''=12.074, Z=6, , , , 2.799, , yellow, ,
, -
, , , Na₅(H₃O)·2H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₃/''m'', , ''a''=11.7171, ''c''=12.0759, Z=2, , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , KNi(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈€¢H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.392, ''c''=15.842, , , , , , loop branched chain, ,
, -
, , , Cu_{3 2}P₃O₁₂(OH)₃, monoclinic, , ''Cc'', , ''a''=6.1895, ''b''=13.6209, ''c''=11.9373, β=97.62°, Z=4, , 997.5, , , , , ,
, -
, , , Cu(H₂O)_{2 2}P₂O₈(OH)₂, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Cu₂(H₂O) P₂O₈(OH), , , ''Pbca'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , LiCu₂ P₂O₈(OH)₂, , , ''C''2/''c'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , LiCu₂ P₂O₈(OH)₂, , , ''P''2₁2₁2₁, , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Na₂ uB₃P₂O₁₁(OH)·H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₃, , ''a''=11.554, ''c''=12.314, Z=6, , , , 2.862, , sky-blue, ,
, -
, , , Na₄Cu_{3 2}P₄O₁₅(OH)₂€¢2HPO₄, , , , , , , , , , , , ring with side phosphate and extra phosphate, ,
, -
, , , Na₅KCu_{3 9}P₆O₃₃(OH)₃·H₂O, , , , ''P''6₃/''m'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Zn(C₄H₁₂N₂) ₂P₃O₁₂(OH), orthorhombic, , ''Ima''2, , ''a''=12.4110, ''b''=9.4550, ''c''=11.4592, Z=4, , 1344.69, , , , , ,
, -
, lithium zinc diaqua ''catena''- onoboro-diphosphatemonohydrate, , LiZn(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈· H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁, , ''a''=9.469, ''c''=15.667, Z=6, , 1216.6, , , , spiral ribbons, ,
, -
, , , Na nBP₂O₈‹…H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.5404, ''c''=14.7780, Z=6, , 1164.88, , , , , ,
, -
, , , NaZn(H₂O)₂ P₂O₈€¢H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₁22, , ''a''=9.456, ''c''=15.828, , , , , , loop branched chain, ,
, -
, , , Na₂ nB₃P₂O₁₁(OH)·H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₃, , ''a''=11.963, ''c''=12.363, Z=6, , , , 2.683, , colourless, ,
, -
, , , NH₄ nBP₂O₈, triclinic, , ''P'', , ''a''=7.437, ''b''=7.612, ''c''=7.850, α=119.05, β=101.59, γ=103.43, Z=2, , 351.18, , 2.687, , , ,
, -
, , , Na nBP₂O₈, triclinic, , ''P'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , K nBP₂O₈, monoclinic, , ''C''2/''c'', , ''a''=12.617, ''b''=12.773, ''c''=8.415, β=91.25°, Z=8, , 1355.8, , 2.991, , , ,
, -
, , , _1.5 n₆B₆P₁₂O₄₈·H₂O, , hexagonal, , ''P''6₅22, , ''a''=9.6685, ''c''=14.8879; Z=1, , , , , , , ,
, -
, RBPO, , Rb₃B₁₁P₂O₂₃, , Triclinic, , ''P''1, , ''a''=7.785, ''b''=7.839, ''c''=7.963, α=89,774, β=89.129, γ=88.211, Z=2, , 485.6, , 2.753, , transparent above 168 nm; SHG 2.5× KDP; birefringence =0.071@1064 nm, ,
, -
, , , Rb ₂B₂O₈(OH), , , , , , , , , , , network, ,
, -
, , , Li₃Rb₂BP₄O₁₄, , , , ''Cmca'', , , , , , , , , ,
, -
,
, Rb₃B₁₁PO₁₉F₃
, trigonal
, ''R''3
, a=11.3715 c=12.0240 Z=3
, 1346.53
, 2.839
, colourless; decompose > 470 °C; SHG 1.3 × KDP
,
, -
, , , K₂RbB₄PO₁₀, , triclinic, , P, , ''a''=6.5577, ''b''=6.5931, ''c''=13.098, α=84.626, β=80.514, γ=60.457, Z=2, , 485.9, , 2.719, , colourless, ,
, -
,
, K₂RbB₈PO₁₆
,
,
,
,
,
, birefringence 0.057@1064 nm
,
, -
,
, K_0.9Rb_2.1B₈PO₁₆
, monoclinic
, ''Cc''
, ''a''=11.3446 ''b''=6.5485 ''c''=19.354 ''β''=101.315°
, 1409.9
, 2.761
, birefringence 0.075@532 nm; band gap 6.16 eV;SHG 0.7 × KDP
,
, -
, , , Rb₂Co₃(H₂O)_{2 4}P₆O₂₄(OH)₂, orthorhombic, , ''Pbca'', , ''a'' = 9.501, ''b'' = 12.272, ''c'' = 20.074, Z = 4, , , , , , , ,
, -
, , , Rb nBP₂O₈, triclinic, , ''P''overbar, ''P'', , ''a''=7.439, ''b''=7.639, ''c''=7.861, α=118.82, β=101.73, γ=103.51, Z=2, , 353.4, , 3.304, , , ,
, -
, , , Sr PO₅, , , ''P''3₂21, , , , , , , , loop branch B₂PO₃ rings, ,
, -
, , , KSrBP₂O₈, , , , ''I''

References

{{Borates

Borates
Phosphates
Mixed anion compounds