Boreopterus

''Boreopterus'' is a genus of boreopterid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Barremian-Aptian-age Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Dalian, Liaoning, China.

Etymology

''Boreopterus'' was named in 2005 by Lü Junchang and Ji Qiang. The type species is ''Boreopterus cuiae''. The genus name is derived from Greek ''boreios'', "northern" and ''pteron'', "wing". The specific epithet honors Cui Xu.

Description

''Boreopterus'' is based on holotype JZMP-04-07-3, a nearly complete but crushed skeleton and skull. The skull is 235 millimeters long (9.25 inches), low and elongated with a rounded tip. Its wingspan is estimated to have been around 1.45 meters (4.76 feet). Its teeth, especially the anterior nine pairs, are quite large, forming a mesh of sharp teeth at the front of the mouth; the third and fourth teeth from the front are the largest. There are at least 27 teeth in each side of both the upper and lower jaws, which is a large amount.

Classification

Lü and Ji initially placed ''Boreopterus'' in the family Ornithocheiridae when they described it in 2006, a classification which was supported later that year by David Unwin. However, Lü in 2006 published a cladistic analysis showing ''Boreopterus'' to be the sister taxon of '' Feilongus'' (together forming the new family Boreopteridae) in a more basal position than '' Haopterus''.

In 2013, a more comprehensive study of pterosaur relationships supported the close relationship of ''Boreopterus'' and ''Feilongus'', as well as their relatively basal status among pterodactyloids. Later that year, Andres & Myers found the boreopterids as the sister group of '' Cycnorhamphus'' within the archaeopterodactyloid group Gallodactylidae. However, subsequent analysis have found boreopterids to be indeed members of the Ornithocheiroidea, composed of ''Boreopterus'', '' Zhenyuanopterus'' and ''Guidraco'', while '' Feilongus'' is a relative of ''Gnathosaurus''. In 2018, Nicholas Longrich and colleagues found the family Boreopteridae to only contain ''Boreopterus'' and ''Zhenyuanopterus'', while ''Guidraco'' was placed in a more derived position within the clade Anhangueria. They also found the family Lonchodectidae as the sister taxon of Boreopteridae.Longrich, N.R., Martill, D.M., and Andres, B. (2018)
"Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary."
''PLoS Biology'', 16(3): e2001663.

Topology 1: Andres ''et al.'' (2014).

Topology 2: Longrich ''et al.'' (2018).

Paleobiology

Pterosaurs like ''Boreopterus'' are interpreted by Unwin as soaring animals, like today's albatrosses and frigatebirds. However, it has also been suggested that boreopterids foraged while swimming, trapping small prey with their needle-like teeth,Mark Witton, 2011
/ref> a method similar to that of modern ''Platanista'' dolphins.

It has been suggested that the closely related '' Zhenyuanopterus'' was merely the adult form of this animal.

See also

* Timeline of pterosaur research

References

External links

''Boreopterus''
in The Pterosauria

in The Grave Yard-->

{{Portal bar, Paleontology, China

Early Cretaceous pterosaurs of Asia
Pteranodontoidea
Fossil taxa described in 2005
Yixian fauna
Taxa named by Lü Junchang