Bor-Öndör () is a city in Khentii Province in eastern

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

. It is situated in the Darkhan sum (district), but is administrated separately.

Geography

The City is at an elevation of 1300 meters and located close to the northern

semi-desert A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of sem ...

edge of the

Gobi Desert The Gobi Desert (, , ; ) is a large, cold desert and grassland region in North China and southern Mongolia. It is the sixth-largest desert in the world. The name of the desert comes from the Mongolian word ''gobi'', used to refer to all of th ...

. Its administrated area is 144 km².

Population

The population was 6,406 in 2001, and had grown to 8,510 by 2006, in more recent data from 2010, the city's population fell to 8,080 ''Rural Poverty Reduction Programme'': semi-annual report 2007
Bor-Öndör is the second most populous city in Khentii Province after the capital

Öndörkhaan Öndörkhaan (; ; sometimes Undurkhaan), is a town in Mongolia located 290 km east of Ulaanbaatar. On November 18, 2013, the city was renamed to Chinggis City in honor of Genghis Khan, who was born and possibly buried in the same province no ...

Administrative divisions

The district is divided into six

bags A bag, also known regionally as a sack, is a common tool in the form of a floppy container, typically made of cloth, leather, bamboo, paper, or plastic. The use of bags predates recorded history, with the earliest bags being lengths of animal s ...

, which are: * Bor-Undur * Bumbat * Kholboo * Khuikh * Ulgii * Uurkhaichin

Economy

The city's economy is dominated by

Fluorspar Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2. It belongs to the halide minerals. It crystallizes in isometric cubic habit, although octahedral and more complex isometric forms are not uncommon. The Mohs scal ...

mining and

fluorspar Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2. It belongs to the halide minerals. It crystallizes in isometric cubic habit, although octahedral and more complex isometric forms are not uncommon. The Mohs scal ...

concentrate A concentrate is a form of Chemical substance, substance that has had the majority of its diluting agent or diluent (in the case of a liquid: the solvent) removed, such that the substance becomes the majority of the composition. Typically, this w ...

production. The underground mine, open pit and mineral processing plant, which is the only mineral processing plant in the country, are operated by the Mongolrostsvetmet JV company. All fluorspar products are exported to

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

, and other countries by rail. In 2007 there were 39,218 heads of livestock in Bor-Öndör. However, they do not have enough pasture land due to mining.

History

Fluorspar deposits were surveyed by

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

geologists in the 1950s. In 1973, the Soviet-Mongolian (currently Russian-Mongolian) company was created, with 49% of shares held by the Soviet (now Russian) government and 51% by the Mongolian government. The mine, open pit mine, mineral processing plant and worker's housing were built by the

s. All production during that time was exported to the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

Transportation

Bor-Öndör has a railway connection to the

Ulan-Ude Ulan-Ude (; , ; , ) is the capital city of Buryatia, Russia, located about southeast of Lake Baikal on the Uda River, Buryatia, Uda River at its confluence with the Selenga River, Selenga. According to the Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census, 43 ...

Ulan Bator Ulaanbaatar is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia. It has a population of 1.6 million, and it is the coldest capital city in the world by average yearly temperature. The municipality is located in north central Mongolia at an ...

Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...

line (

Trans-Mongolian Railway The Trans-Mongolian Railway (, ) connects Ulan-Ude on the Trans-Siberian Railway in Buryatia, Russia, with Ulanqab in Inner Mongolia, China, via Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. It was completed in 1956, and runs from northwest to south ...

). Unpaved roads connect Bor-Öndör with Darkhan sum centre (43 km) of Khentii Province and with the Khentii Province capital

(144 km) via Darkhan. Unpaved roads also connect with the

Khajuu-Ulaan Khajuu-Ulaan (, also Hadju-Ulan, Hadzhu-Ulan) is urban-type settlement in Ikhkhet Sums of Mongolia, sum (district) of Dornogovi Province, Mongolia. Khajuu-Ulaan is located 53 km SE from Darkhan, Khentii, Darkhan sum center and 43 km NE of ...

mining settlement (43 km) and

Ikhkhet Ikhkhet () is a sum (district) of Dornogovi Province in south-eastern Mongolia. Zülegt fluorspar mine is located in the northern part of the sum. In 2009, its population was 2,176.

(65 km), Airag (65 km),

Dalanjargalan Dalanjargalan (, Seventy happiness also Ulaantolgoi)) is a sum (district) of Dornogovi Province in south-eastern Mongolia. Sum center is Olon Ovoo railway station on Trans-Mongolian Railway (Ulan Bator - Beijing) line and abandoned Soviet air fo ...

(59 km)

sums In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called ''addends'' or ''summands''; the result is their ''sum'' or ''total''. Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynom ...

Dornogovi Province Dornogovi (, ''East Gobi'') is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. It is located in the southeast of the country, bordering PR China's autonomous region of Inner Mongolia. Dornogovi is located in the Gobi Desert and frequent sand- and ...

. Via Airag is connection with paved road

(360 km) -

Choir A choir ( ), also known as a chorale or chorus (from Latin ''chorus'', meaning 'a dance in a circle') is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform or in other words ...

(165 km) -

Sainshand Sainshand (; ) is the capital of Dornogovi Province in Mongolia. It is located in the eastern Gobi Desert steppe, on the Trans-Mongolian Railway. Administration The territory of Sainshand sum consists of 5 ''bags'' (communes). The first three ...

(187 km) -

Zamyn-Üüd Zamyn-Üüd (; , ''road's gate'') is a sum (district) of Dornogovi Province in southeastern Mongolia. Its population was 11,527 in 2008. History Zamyn-Üüd's actual name comes from the former Dzamiin Üüde settlement located northwest from ...

(277 km), and onward to

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bor-Ondor, Khentii Geography of Khentii Province Mining communities in Mongolia