Charles Bonkowski, or Bonkowski Pasha or Bonkowski Bey (1841–1905), was an Ottoman chemist and physician of Polish heritage. He served as Chief Chemist of the Sultan under

Abdul Hamid II Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (; ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a Decline and modernizati ...

. In the 1860s he studied chemistry and pharmacy in Paris with

Edmond Frémy Edmond Frémy (; 28 February 1814 – 3 February 1894) was a French chemist. He is perhaps best known today for Frémy's salt, a strong oxidizing agent which he discovered in 1845. Fremy's salt is a long-lived free radical that finds use as a s ...

and

Michel Eugène Chevreul Michel Eugène Chevreul (; 31 August 1786 – 9 April 1889) was a French chemist whose work contributed to significant developments in science, medicine, and art. Chevreul's early work with animal fats revolutionized soap and candle manufacturing ...

. He is featured as a character, in a fictional setting, in

Orhan Pamuk Ferit Orhan Pamuk (born 7 June 1952; ) is a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic, and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. One of Turkey's most prominent novelists, he has sold over 13 million books in 63 languages, making him ...

's novel ''

Nights of Plague ''Nights of Plague'' () is a 2021 novel by Orhan Pamuk. It is his 11th and second-longest novel. Inspired by historical events, it is set on a fictitious island, Mingheria, in the eastern Mediterranean between Crete and Cyprus. A number of early ...

''.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Binkowski, Charles 1841 births 1905 deaths