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Bommenede or Bommenee is a former island, village, and municipality in the
Bommenede was a separate ''
Bommenede or Bommenee is a former island, village, and municipality in the Netherlands
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, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
, located about 5 km east of the city of Brouwershaven.
Village of Bommenede
Bommenede was founded in the early 12th century by monks of theCistercian
The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Sain ...
monastery of Ter Duinen in Flanders. It was located on one of the four islands that later joined up to form the current island of Schouwen-Duiveland
Schouwen-Duiveland () is a municipality and an island in the southwestern Netherlands province of Zeeland. The municipality has 33,737 inhabitants (1 January 2016) and covers an area of (of which is water).
The northside of the island has two fi ...
. The name was first mentioned in 1165, as ''insula Bomne''. The island was a part of Holland
Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former province on the western coast of the Netherlands. From the 10th to the 16th c ...
, because the boundary between Holland and Zeeland
, nl, Ik worstel en kom boven("I struggle and emerge")
, anthem = "Zeeuws volkslied"("Zeelandic Anthem")
, image_map = Zeeland in the Netherlands.svg
, map_alt =
, m ...
lay in the Sonnemere, the water south of Bommenede.
According to the 19th-century historian A.J. van der Aa, John of Bavaria ordered the construction of dykes around the island in 1412, creating the polder
A polder () is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. The three types of polder are:
# Land reclaimed from a body of water, such as a lake or the seabed
# Flood plain ...
of Bommenede. The village of Bommenede was listed in 1153 as property of the Cistercian monastery of Ter Duinen in Flanders. The village survived two floods in 1530 and 1532 and a fire in 1540. In 1570, Bommenede and the neighbouring polder "Kijkuit" were flooded during the All Saints' Flood.
Because of the strategic location of the village, a defensive wall was built around it in 1574. The following year, the Spanish commander Mondragon besieged it for 20 days, and shot the village to pieces. At the end of the siege, no more than 20 healthy men survived in the village.
The village was flooded again on January 26, 1682. The destruction was so great, that the Estates of Holland decided not to rebuild the village, and the last inhabitants left in 1684. Some remains of the village (now sometimes referred to as Oud-Bommenede) remained visible for years. Nowadays, there is still some overgrown debris in the waters of the Grevelingen
Grevelingen or Grevelingenmeer ( Lake Grevelingen) is a closed off part of the Rhine- Meuse estuary on the border of the Dutch provinces of South Holland and Zeeland.
It is situated between the islands of Goeree-Overflakkee (South Holland ...
.
Nieuw-Bommenede
Part of the former island was reclaimed from the sea in 1701. In the southern part of the new polder, a new hamlet grew: Nieuw-Bommenede. In the middle of the 19th century, it had about 410 inhabitants.
Bommenede was a separate ''heerlijkheid
A ''heerlijkheid'' (a Dutch word; pl. ''heerlijkheden''; also called ''heerschap''; Latin: ''Dominium'') was a landed estate that served as the lowest administrative and judicial unit in rural areas in the Dutch-speaking Low Countries before 1800 ...
'', and later a separate municipality (also called "Bommenede en Bloois"), until it was merged with the municipality of Zonnemaire on January 4, 1866.
References