butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises ...
(
Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a re ...
)
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
. ''Clossiana'' is usually included with it nowadays, though some authors still consider it distinct and it seems to warrant recognition as a
subgenus
In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.
In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed betw ...
at least.
Species
Listed alphabetically:Jim P. Brock, Kenn Kaufman (2003) ''Kaufman Field Guide to Butterflies of North America''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
* ''
Boloria acrocnema
The Uncompahgre fritillary butterfly (''Clossiana improba acrocnema'') is a species of butterfly in the Order Lepidoptera: Family Nymphalidae that is endemic to Colorado, USA.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2018). Uncompahgre Fritillary Butterfly ...
Boloria aquilonaris
''Boloria aquilonaris'', the cranberry fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in northern and central Europe.Boloria alberta'' (W.H. Edwards, 1890) – Alberta fritillary
* '' Boloria angarensis'' (Erschoff, 1870) (Transbaikalia, South Siberia, Far East Yakutia, Polar Urals, Yamal Peninsula, Sayan, Tuva mountains, Amur, Ussuri, North Korea, Northeast China)
* '' Boloria astarte'' (Doubleday,
847
__NOTOC__
Year 847 ( DCCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Europe
* Danish Vikings land in the Breton March (western part of Gaul). Duke Nominoe o ...
Boloria caucasica
''Boloria caucasica'' is a butterfly found in the East Palearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and ...
Boloria chariclea
''Boloria chariclea'', the Arctic fritillary or purplish fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in the northern parts of the Palearctic and Nearctic realms.
Description
The uppersides of the wings are orange brown w ...
Boloria dia
''Boloria dia'', the Weaver's fritillary or violet fritillary, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The name Weaver's fritillary is in honor of Richard Weaver, an English insect collector who claimed to have obtained the specimen within ...
864
__NOTOC__
Year 864 ( DCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Spring – Emperor Louis II (the Younger) marches with a Frankish army a ...
800
__NOTOC__
Year 800 ( DCCC) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It was around this time that the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years, so f ...
– bog fritillary, ocellate bog fritillary
* ''
Boloria euphrosyne
The pearl-bordered fritillary (''Boloria euphrosyne'') is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae found in Europe and through Russia across the Palearctic to the north of Kazakhstan.
Description
The adult butterfly is orange with black spots ...
Boloria freija
''Boloria freija'', the Freija fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae with a circumboreal distribution. It occurs in bogs and tundra. Its range includes Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definition ...
Boloria frigga
''Boloria frigga'', the Frigga fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae with a circumboreal distribution. It occurs in bogs and tundra in Northern Europe to the north of 60° N, very locally in more southern locations, as well as in ...
Boloria improba
''Boloria improba'', the dingy fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. In Europe it is only found in small parts of Scandinavia, more specifically the border region between Norway, Sweden and Finland. The species is also prese ...
'' (Butler, 1877) – dingy fritillary
* ''
Boloria iphigenia
''Boloria iphigenia '' is an east Palearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa.
The real ...
'' (Graeser, 1888) (Japan, east Amur, Ussuri and northeast China)
* '' Boloria gong'' (Oberthür, 1884) (Tibet, West China, North China)
* '' Boloria graeca'' (Staudinger, 1870) – Balkan fritillary
* ''
Boloria jerdoni
''Boloria jerdoni'', the Jerdon's silverspot, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.''Butterflies of the Holarctic region: Satyridae (concl.) & Nymphalidae (partim)'' By Bernard D'Abrera. Hill House, 1993. / It is found in the western Himalay ...
'' (Lang, 1868) – Jerdon's silverspot
* ''
Boloria kriemhild
''Boloria kriemhild'', the relict fritillary, is a species of fritillary
''Fritillaria'' (fritillaries) is a genus of spring flowering herbaceous bulbous perennial plants in the lily family (Liliaceae). The type species, ''Fritillaria meleag ...
Boloria napaea
''Boloria napaea'', the Napaea fritillary or mountain fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Distribution
In Europe the species is found in the Alps, mountainous areas in northern Scandinavia and very local in the eastern part ...
Boloria natazhati
''Boloria natazhati'', the Beringian fritillary, cryptic fritillary or Pleistocene fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from northwestern Canada as far south as northern British Columbia.
The wingspan is 32–44 ...
Boloria perryi
''Boloria'' is a brush-footed butterfly ( Nymphalidae) genus. ''Clossiana'' is usually included with it nowadays, though some authors still consider it distinct and it seems to warrant recognition as a subgenus at least.
Species
Listed alphabeti ...
'' (Butler, 1882) (southern Ussuri, North Korea, Amur)
* ''
Boloria polaris
''Boloria polaris'', the Polaris fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in northernmost Scandinavia, North America (in northeastern Alaska and northern Canada) and in Greenland. It is also found in northeastern Russia a ...
'' (Boisduval,
828
__NOTOC__
Year 828 ( DCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Siege of Syracuse: The Muslims under Asad ibn al-Furat defeat a ...
Boloria selene
''Boloria selene'', known in Europe as the small pearl-bordered fritillary and in North America as the silver-bordered fritillary, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found across Europe, Asia and North America, and feeds e ...
'' (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – small pearl-bordered fritillary or silver-bordered fritillary
* '' Boloria selenis'' (Eversmann, 1837)
* ''
Boloria sipora
''Boloria'' is a brush-footed butterfly ( Nymphalidae) genus. ''Clossiana'' is usually included with it nowadays, though some authors still consider it distinct and it seems to warrant recognition as a subgenus at least.
Species
Listed alphabeti ...
'' (Moore,
875
__NOTOC__
Year 875 ( DCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* August 12 – Emperor Louis II dies in Brescia, after having named his c ...
(Pamirs to Alai, Tian-Shan, West Himalaya)
* ''
Boloria thore
''Boloria thore'', the Thor's fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It occurs in damp places in the Alps, Fennoscandia, the south of European Russia, the Urals and east across the Palearctic to Siberia and Japan.Львовски� ...
'' (Hübner,
803
__NOTOC__
Year 803 ( DCCCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Byzantine Empire
* Emperors Nikephoros I and Charlemagne settle their imperial boundaries i ...
– Thor's fritillary
* ''
Boloria titania
''Boloria titania'', the Titania's fritillary or purple bog fritillary, is a butterfly of the subfamily Heliconiinae of the family Nymphalidae.
Description
The adult is a small fritillary with typically chequered orange-brown upperside and a m ...
'' (Esper, 1793) – Titania's fritillary or purple bog fritillary
* '' Boloria tritonia'' (Böber, 1812) (Baikal, Amur, Ussuri)
Brachiopod
Grunt described a
brachiopod
Brachiopods (), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of trochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, ...
genus in 1973 under the same name. Since each code of
biological nomenclature
Nomenclature codes or codes of nomenclature are the various rulebooks that govern biological taxonomic nomenclature, each in their own broad field of organisms. To an end-user who only deals with names of species, with some awareness that species ...
allows only for one genus with the same name, the brachiopod genus is in need of renaming.
References
Further reading
* Glassberg, Jeffrey (2001). ''Butterflies through Binoculars: The West''.
* Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. (2001). ''Butterflies of British Columbia''.
* James, David G. and Nunnallee, David (2011). ''Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies''.
* Pelham, Jonathan (2008). ''Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada''.
* Pyle, Robert Michael (2002). ''The Butterflies of Cascadia''.
Consortium for the Barcode of Life
The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...
Encyclopedia of Life
The ''Encyclopedia of Life'' (''EOL'') is a free, online encyclopedia intended to document all of the 1.9 million living species known to science. It is compiled from existing trusted databases curated by experts and with the assistance of no ...