Archbishop Bolesław Twardowski (; ; 18 February 1864 – 22 November 1944) was a Roman Catholic prelate, who served as an Auxiliary Bishop of the

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv The Archdiocese of Lviv (of the Latins) () () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western Ukraine. Its Cathedral archiepiscopal see is a Minor Basilica and (Minor) World Heritage Site: Metropolit ...

and a Titular Bishop of

Telmessos Telmessos or Telmessus ( Hittite: 𒆪𒉿𒆷𒉺𒀸𒊭 ''Kuwalapašša'', Lycian: 𐊗𐊁𐊍𐊁𐊂𐊁𐊛𐊆 ''Telebehi'', ), also Telmissus (), later Anastasiopolis (), then Makri or Macre (), was the largest city in Lycia, near th ...

from 14 September 1918 until 3 August 1923 and as the Metropolitan Archbishop of the same Archdiocese from 3 August 1923 until his death on 22 November 1944.

Life

Archbishop Twardowski was born in the intelligent Polish Roman Catholic family in

Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

. After graduation of the school education, he subsequently joined Faculty of Theology of the

University of Lviv The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, ) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko. The university is the oldest institution of highe ...

and the Major Roman Catholic Theological Seminary in Lviv in 1882 and was ordained as

priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deity, deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in parti ...

on July 25, 1886, for the

by Archbishop Seweryn Morawski, when completed of the philosophical and theological studies. After that he continued to study in the

Pontifical Gregorian University Pontifical Gregorian University (; also known as the Gregorian or Gregoriana), is a private university, private pontifical university in Rome, Italy. The Gregorian originated as a part of the Roman College, founded in 1551 by Ignatius of Loyo ...

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

, obtaining a

Doctor of Canon Law Doctor of Canon Law (, JCD) is the doctoral-level terminal degree in the studies of canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. It can also be an honorary degree awarded by Anglican colleges. It may also be abbreviated ICD or dr.iur.can. (''Iuris Can ...

degree. After returning from

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

, he served as a prefect in Major Roman Catholic Theological Seminary in Lviv and later was appointed as a chancellor of the Metropolitan curia. In 1902 he became a parish priest in

Ternopil Ternopil, known until 1944 mostly as Tarnopol, is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia and Podolia. The populatio ...

and constructed there the Church of St. Mary of the Perpetual Assistance during 1903–1908. He remained here as dean and

canon Canon or Canons may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Canon (fiction), the material accepted as officially written by an author or an ascribed author * Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture ** Western canon, th ...

until 1918. On September 14, 1918, he was appointed by the Pope

Benedict XV Pope Benedict XV (; ; born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, ; 21 November 1854 – 22 January 1922) was head of the Catholic Church from 1914 until his death in January 1922. His pontificate was largely overshadowed by World War I a ...

as an Auxiliary Bishop of the

and a Titular Bishop of

. On January 12, 1919, he was consecrated as bishop by Metropolitan Archbishop Józef Bilczewski and other prelates of the

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

in the

Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption, Lviv The Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (; ), usually called simply the Latin Cathedral (; ) is a 14th-century Latin Catholic cathedral in Lviv, western Ukraine. It is located in the city's Old Town (Lviv), Old Tow ...

. In the same time he was nominated as a Vicar General of the Archdiocese and a Rector of the Major Latin Theological Seminary. In March 1923, with the death of Metropolitan Józef Bilczewski, he became a

Vicar capitular A diocesan administrator (also known as archdiocesan administrator, archiepiscopal administrator and eparchial administrator for the case, respectively, of an archdiocese, archeparchy, and eparchy) is a provisional ordinary of a Catholic part ...

of the Archdiocese and on August 3, 1923, was appointed by the Holy See as a Metropolitan Archbishop. Archbishop Twardowski died, while in the office, on November 22, 1944, and was buried in the Roman Catholic church of

Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn ''Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn'' (, , , ) is a prominent Christian icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary venerated by the faithful in the Chapel of the Gate of Dawn in Vilnius, Lithuania. The painting was historically displayed above the Vilnius city g ...

, accordingly with his will. He was a cousin of the Polish philosopher

Kazimierz Twardowski Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski (; 20 October 1866 – 11 February 1938) was a Polish philosopher, psychologist, logician, and rector of the Lwów University. He was initially affiliated with Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory. ...

, Rector of the

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Twardowski, Bolesław 1864 births 1944 deaths Clergy from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Polish Austro-Hungarians University of Lviv alumni Pontifical Gregorian University alumni Archbishops of Lviv 20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Poland Ukrainian Roman Catholic archbishops