The Blue Castle Project is a proposed
nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant (NPP), also known as a nuclear power station (NPS), nuclear generating station (NGS) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power st ...
near
Green River, Utah, United States. Originally projected for completion in 2030, it would have two 1500
megawatt
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of Power (physics), power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantification (science), quantify the rate of Work ...
reactors. It was originally proposed in 2007 by Transition Power Development, which became Blue Castle Holdings (BCH) in 2009. With no updates on the Blue Castle Holdings website since 2019, the project seems to be on hold.
After winning a three-year legal battle over water rights, Blue Castle began reviewing construction companies to work on building the plant. The project is projected to cost up to $20 billion, though BCH projected only $13.4 billion as of January 2017. The plant is expected to produce up to 4000 short term jobs during construction and about 1000 long term jobs in the Green River area.
Public reaction has varied since the project was originally proposed. There are several local and national environmental groups who oppose the project.
History
Initial project
A project to build a $3-billion nuclear plant in eastern Utah was initially proposed in 2007 by Transition Power Development (TPD).
TPD planned to have a minimum of two 1500 megawatt reactors active when the plant went live,
though the proposed site could support three reactors.
The plant is projected to "increase Utah's electrical capacity by approximately 50 percent".
The plant was proposed in part to support a projected 2016 need for power from
Rocky Mountain Power, the main supplier of electrical power to the state of Utah.
, the governor of Utah at that time, stated that he was opposed to any plan for a plant that did not include onsite
spent fuel reprocessing.
At the time of the proposal, TPD had obtained rights to about half of the water needed to run the proposed two reactors.
As part of the process, TPD started the process to lease from the Kane County Water Conservancy District in 2009 to supply some of the water needed for operating the plant.
The project is projected to require about of water to operate the proposed two reactors.
Officials from Utah and TPD met in 2009 with both Secretary of Energy
Steven Chu and Secretary of the Interior
Ken Salazar regarding the fast-tracking of new nuclear programs in the western United States.
TPD became Blue Castle Holdings on September 28, 2009.
About a week later, Blue Castle signed an
agreement with Page Electric Utility (PEU)—an electrical utility company in
Page, Arizona—detailing how PEU could become an
equity owner in the proposed plant.
BCH stated they had unanimous support for the plant from the Emery County Commission and the leadership of
Green River, Utah in 2010.
In October 2011, BCH met with members of the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission and local Utah agencies in hearings regarding site surveys, emergency planning, and environmental concerns regarding the placement of the proposed plant near the Green River. The company was also waiting for approval on applications to lease the of water needed to operate the plant.
After a review period of more than two years, the water rights transfer was approved by an engineer working for the state of Utah.
That decision was immediately challenged by a series of lawsuits.
After hearing testimony in September 2013, a 7th District Court judge upheld the decision of the state engineer.
The decision was appealed, but the appeals court upheld the decision of the 7th District Court judge in July 2016, stating the arguments by the plaintiffs were "often inadequately supported and briefed".
In 2017 BCH stated the licensing phase will go from 2017 to 2020.
Following the bankruptcy of
Westinghouse Electric Company
Westinghouse Electric Company LLC is an American nuclear power company formed in 1999 from the nuclear power division of the original Westinghouse Electric Corporation. It offers nuclear products and services to utilities internationally, includ ...
, the manufacturer of the planned
AP1000 reactors, in March 2017, the Blue Castle CEO said their plans were unaffected and "We’re going to wait and see who buys Westinghouse ... They’re not going to go away as a company."
There have been no new announcements or updates on their website .
Projected cost
The initial projected cost given by Blue Castle (operating then as Transition Power Development) was $3 billion.
By 2010, the cost of building the plant was estimated at $13–16 billion,
which climbed to $18–20 billion by the end of 2016.
BCH gave an estimated cost figure of $13.4 billion during a webinar in January 2017.
Site preparation
The site is located about west-northwest of
Green River,
Emery County, Utah
Emery County is a County (United States), county in east-central Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 9,825. Its county seat is Castle Dale, Utah, Castle Dale, and the largest city is Huntington, Utah, Hu ...
.
A geological study was completed on the proposed site which included ten
boreholes which were then studied using optical and acoustic methods. These results were reviewed by the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, who stated that "the geotechnical activities were adequately controlled with an appropriate level of quality assurance and no issues were identified".
were done using 18 boreholes from in depth, and the data was being analyzed .
Meteorological
Meteorology is the scientific study of the Earth's atmosphere and short-term atmospheric phenomena (i.e. weather), with a focus on weather forecasting. It has applications in the military, aviation, energy production, transport, agriculture ...
studies included two years of data collection.
BCH plans to store spent fuel rods onsite for at least 100 years.
Contracting and construction
Westinghouse will be producing the nuclear reactors for the power plant.
In November 2016, BCH began looking for contractors to build the facilities.
BCH stated they plan to begin construction in 2023, have the first reactor online in 2028, and the second reactor online in 2030.
However, with no updates on the Blue Castle Holdings website since 2019, the project seems to be on hold
and no new construction start date has been released.
Economic impact
BCH projects about $500 million annually in revenue and state and local taxes paid.
A 2010 opinion piece in the ''
Daily Herald'' suggested the plant would bring over 2000 short term jobs and 1000 high-paying long term jobs to the area.
In the January 2017 webinar, BCH stated there could be up to 4000 short term jobs and "800-1,000 people in long term good jobs" such as electricians and engineers.
Howard Sierer suggested. in a January 2022 opinion piece for ''The Independent'' in
St. George, that many of the workers in the coal mining industry could be transitioned to working at the Green River nuclear plant as a way to maintain support for local businesses and governments in the area.
Public reaction
Public support in Utah for nuclear power around the time of the initial proposal was generally positive. A November 2007 editorial in the
Provo ''
Daily Herald'' newspaper stated 43 percent of polled Utahns supported the building of more nuclear power plants,
and another poll conducted in February 2008 showed 57 percent in favor.
Utah
Senator Bob Bennett stated in late 2008 that "if we are going to be serious about carbon emissions, we have to have a much larger nuclear component in our electric production" in November 2008.
Gary Kofford, the county commissioner for
Emery County in 2008, stated that talk of building a nuclear plant near Green River was just speculation after TPD had been searching for a site for over a year.
An editorial in nearby
Grand Junction, Colorado
Grand Junction is a List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality, home rule municipality that is the county seat and largest city of Mesa County, Colorado, United States. Grand Junction's population was 65,560 at the 2020 United St ...
expressed tentative support for the project, especially in light of coal and gas plants being shut down despite growing energy demands.
The
Utah State Legislature approved a joint resolution endorsing nuclear power as a viable option in March 2009.
When TPD started the process to lease water from the Kane County Water Conservancy District, the Healthy Environment Alliance of Utah—an environmental advocacy group—indicated it may fight the lease.
A 2010 opinion piece in the ''
Daily Herald'' stated that the trade off was acceptable between using about one percent of the water flowing in the
Green River through Emery County every year, and bringing over 2000 short term jobs and 1000 high-paying long term jobs to the area.
Governor
Gary Herbert expressed interest in letting "free enterprise...make Utah a net energy exporter" by using the technological power of
Utah State University
Utah State University (USU or Utah State) is a public university, public land grant colleges, land-grant research university with its main campus in Logan, Utah, United States. Founded in 1888 under the Morrill Land-Grant Acts as Utah's federal ...
, the
University of Utah
The University of Utah (the U, U of U, or simply Utah) is a public university, public research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret (Book of Mormon), Deseret by the General A ...
, and
Brigham Young University
Brigham Young University (BYU) is a Private education, private research university in Provo, Utah, United States. It was founded in 1875 by religious leader Brigham Young and is the flagship university of the Church Educational System sponsore ...
help those private businesses "create cleaner, cheaper sources of energy".
During legislative hearings in February 2011, concern was expressed by citizens and the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regarding the water leased by BCH for the plant. They stated that it could negatively impact downstream people and wildlife.
Governor Herbert released a 10-year energy plan the following month that included options for nuclear power in Utah. A poll conducted shortly before the release of that plan showed a majority of those polled opposed locating a nuclear power plant in Utah.
A forum hosted by the
Sutherland Institute in July 2011 said that Utah was already burning coal and natural gas to provide power to California, and that nuclear power generation would be beneficial in reducing those carbon emissions. Members of the forum also expressed the opinion that cost concerns were "not grounded in any factual basis" due to the length of time since the last nuclear power plants were constructed.
Several Utah environmental groups, businesses, and individuals launched multiple lawsuits in March 2012 to challenge the proposed leasing of the water rights due to a perceived lack of scrutiny of the proposed Blue Castle project.
The lawsuits were eventually dismissed after appeal.
A 2013 letter from
atmospheric scientist Ken Caldeira, professor of
meteorology
Meteorology is the scientific study of the Earth's atmosphere and short-term atmospheric phenomena (i.e. weather), with a focus on weather forecasting. It has applications in the military, aviation, energy production, transport, agricultur ...
Kerry Emanuel, and climate scientists
Tom Wigley and
James Hansen
James Edward Hansen (born March 29, 1941) is an American climatologist. He is an adjunct professor directing the Program on Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions of the The Earth Institute, Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is best ...
encouraged environmental groups to support nuclear power reactors as a way to address environmental concerns such as
climate change
Present-day climate change includes both global warming—the ongoing increase in Global surface temperature, global average temperature—and its wider effects on Earth's climate system. Climate variability and change, Climate change in ...
and pollution. HEAL Utah dismissed the letter, stating the scientists should be trying to persuade "utility executives and the president of the United States".
In November 2016, HEAL Utah and other environmental groups filed complaints with the State of Utah claiming BCH had not made the contractually-required initial payments for the approved water rights. BCH stated it was renegotiating with the two water conservancy districts because the agreements "
eededto be changed to reflect changed market conditions" because of delays caused by the three years of legal battles.
Blue Castle Holdings
Blue Castle Holdings (BCH) is the company that owns the Blue Castle project. It was cofounded in 2006 by Aaron Tilton. Other executives include Thomas Retson (formerly of
GE Nuclear Energy), Nils Diaz (formerly head of the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission), Robert Graber, and Reed Searle.
BCH started a new subsidiary, Power Block Coin, in November 2017. It will provide power to data centers that support mining of
cryptocurrency
A cryptocurrency (colloquially crypto) is a digital currency designed to work through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it.
Individual coin ownership record ...
.
See also
*
TRIGA reactor at the
University of Utah
The University of Utah (the U, U of U, or simply Utah) is a public university, public research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret (Book of Mormon), Deseret by the General A ...
*
*
*
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]
[{{cite journal
, title=Nuclear Plant in Works for Utah; Coal Developer Joins Effort
, first=Penelope
, last=Kern
, date=October 30, 2007
, journal=Energy Prospects West
, url=http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph241/tesfai2/docs/kern.pdf
, archive-date=September 1, 2022
, archive-url=https://archive.today/20220901171723/http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph241/tesfai2/docs/kern.pdf
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite web
, url=http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/articles/nuclear-plant-on-horizon-in-green-river
, title=Nuclear plant on horizon in Green River
, first=Gary
, last=Harmon
, date=November 30, 2008
, work= The Daily Sentinel
, location=]Grand Junction, Colorado
Grand Junction is a List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality, home rule municipality that is the county seat and largest city of Mesa County, Colorado, United States. Grand Junction's population was 65,560 at the 2020 United St ...
, access-date=February 6, 2017
, archive-date=February 25, 2017
, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225051558/http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/articles/nuclear-plant-on-horizon-in-green-river
, url-status=dead
[{{cite web
, url=http://www.gjsentinel.com/opinion/articles/nuclear-goes-green-river
, title=Nuclear goes Green (River)
, date=December 2, 2008
, work= The Daily Sentinel
, location=]Grand Junction, Colorado
Grand Junction is a List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality, home rule municipality that is the county seat and largest city of Mesa County, Colorado, United States. Grand Junction's population was 65,560 at the 2020 United St ...
, access-date=February 6, 2017
, archive-date=May 28, 2024
, archive-url=https://archive.today/20240528013754/https://www.webcitation.org/6o5SuOi7L?url=http://www.gjsentinel.com/opinion/articles/nuclear-goes-green-river
, url-status=dead
[{{cite web
, url=https://suindependent.com/an-alternative-for-utahs-disappearing-coal-mining-jobs/
, title=An Alternative for Utah's Disappearing Coal Mining Jobs
, first=Howard
, last=Sierer
, date=January 2, 2022
, work=The Independent
, access-date=September 1, 2022
, archive-date=September 1, 2022
, archive-url=https://archive.today/20220901170953/https://suindependent.com/an-alternative-for-utahs-disappearing-coal-mining-jobs/
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite web
, url=http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=6087998
, title=Kane County seeks to give up water for nuke plant
, date=April 7, 2009
, publisher= KSL.com
, location=Salt Lake City, Utah
, access-date=February 6, 2017
, archive-date=February 11, 2017
, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211083337/http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=6087998
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite web
, url=https://www.law360.com/articles/302050/blue-castle-gets-utah-water-rights-for-18b-nuke-plant
, title=Blue Castle Gets Utah Water Rights For $18B Nuke Plant
, first=Natalie
, last=Rodriguez
, date=January 20, 2012
, publisher= Law360
, url-access=subscription
, location=]New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
, access-date=February 9, 2017
, archive-date=February 11, 2017
, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080033/https://www.law360.com/articles/302050/blue-castle-gets-utah-water-rights-for-18b-nuke-plant
, url-status=live
[{{cite web
, url=http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/blue-castle-holdings-and-page-electric-utility-sign-new-nuclear-power-project-mou-1201550.htm
, title=Blue Castle Holdings and Page Electric Utility Sign New Nuclear Power Project MOU
, date=October 5, 2009
, publisher= Marketwired
, location=Salt Lake City, Utah
, access-date=February 7, 2017
, archive-date=February 11, 2017
, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075651/http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/blue-castle-holdings-and-page-electric-utility-sign-new-nuclear-power-project-mou-1201550.htm
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite news
, url=https://www.moabtimes.com/articles/blue-castle-ceo-says-proposed-nuclear-plant-unaffected-by-westinghouse-bankruptcy/
, title=Blue Castle CEO says proposed nuclear plant unaffected by Westinghouse bankruptcy
, website=The Times-Independent
, location=Moab, Utah
, date=June 15, 2017
, access-date=March 7, 2020
, archive-date=September 1, 2022
, archive-url=https://archive.today/20220901174154/https://www.moabtimes.com/articles/blue-castle-ceo-says-proposed-nuclear-plant-unaffected-by-westinghouse-bankruptcy/
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite web
, url=http://nuclearstreet.com/nuclear_power_industry_news/b/nuclear_power_news/archive/2010/06/11/exclusive-nuclear-street-interview-with-blue-castle-project-ceo-aaron-tilton-06112#.WJpr7X2YIbs
, title=Exclusive Nuclear Street Interview With Blue Castle Project CEO Aaron Tilton
, date=June 11, 2010
, publisher=Nuclear Street
, access-date=February 7, 2017
, archive-date=May 31, 2017
, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531111323/http://nuclearstreet.com/nuclear_power_industry_news/b/nuclear_power_news/archive/2010/06/11/exclusive-nuclear-street-interview-with-blue-castle-project-ceo-aaron-tilton-06112
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite web
, url=http://archive.sltrib.com/story.php?ref=/news/ci_12595919
, title=Energy secretary sees nuclear power in America's future
, first=Patty
, last=Henetz
, date=June 15, 2009
, work= Salt Lake Tribune
, location=Salt Lake City, Utah
, access-date=February 6, 2017
, archive-date=September 1, 2022
, archive-url=https://archive.today/20220901172308/https://archive.sltrib.com/story.php?ref=/news/ci_12595919
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite web
, url=http://www.sltrib.com/news/4144342-155/utah-court-of-appeals-to-allow
, title=Utah court ruling kills environmentalists' appeal, OKs Green River nuclear plant
, first=Courtney
, last=Tanner
, date=July 21, 2016
, work= Salt Lake Tribune
, location=Salt Lake City, Utah
, access-date=February 9, 2017
, archive-date=February 11, 2017
, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080242/http://www.sltrib.com/news/4144342-155/utah-court-of-appeals-to-allow
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite web
, url=http://www.sltrib.com/home/4218085-155/environmental-groups-drop-legal-fight-over
, title=Environmental groups drop legal fight over water transfers for Utah nuclear project
, first=Brian
, last=Maffly
, date=November 20, 2016
, work= Salt Lake Tribune
, location=Salt Lake City, Utah
, access-date=February 9, 2017
, archive-date=February 24, 2017
, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224215956/http://www.sltrib.com/home/4218085-155/environmental-groups-drop-legal-fight-over
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite web
, url=http://www.sltrib.com/home/4595434-155/nuke-proponents-seeking-new-deal-with
, title=Nuke proponents seeking new deal with two Utah water districts
, first=Brian
, last=Maffly
, date=November 21, 2016
, work= Salt Lake Tribune
, location=Salt Lake City, Utah
, access-date=February 9, 2017
, archive-date=February 22, 2017
, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222200846/http://www.sltrib.com/home/4595434-155/nuke-proponents-seeking-new-deal-with
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite web
, url=http://www.bluecastleproject.com/files/news_items/16-38757228.pdf
, title=Transition Power Consolidates Development Activity Into Blue Castle Holdings Inc.
, date=September 28, 2009
, publisher=Blue Castle Holdings
, location=Salt Lake City, Utah
, access-date=February 7, 2017
, archive-date=February 25, 2014
, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225091705/http://www.bluecastleproject.com/files/news_items/16-38757228.pdf
, url-status=live
]
[{{cite web
, url=http://digitallibrary.utah.gov/awweb/pdfopener?sid=B2B5C879A2CB79BD86566DA25D1A5CEB&did=49577&fl=%2Fpublications%2Fdc032989.pdf
, title=State Engineer Approves Applications to Use Green River Water for Nuclear Power Plant
, date=2012
, publisher=Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights
, location=Salt Lake City, Utah
, access-date=February 7, 2017
, archive-date=January 10, 2018
, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110055104/http://digitallibrary.utah.gov/awweb/pdfopener?sid=B2B5C879A2CB79BD86566DA25D1A5CEB&did=49577&fl=%2Fpublications%2Fdc032989.pdf
, url-status=live
]
Buildings and structures in Emery County, Utah
Power stations in Utah
Proposed nuclear power stations in the United States