Black-crowned Tityra
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The black-crowned tityra (''Tityra inquisitor'') is a medium-sized
passerine A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines generally have an anisodactyl arrangement of their ...
bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...
. It has traditionally been placed in the
cotinga The cotingas are a large family, Cotingidae, of suboscine passerine birds found in Central America and tropical South America. Cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges, that are primary frugivorous. They all have broad bills with hooked ti ...
or the
tyrant flycatcher The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) comprise a family of passerine birds which is found virtually throughout North and South America. It is the world's largest family of birds, with more than 400 species, and is the most diverse avian family i ...
family, but evidence strongly suggest it is better placed in
Tityridae Tityridae is family of suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The 45 species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae and Cotingidae (''see Taxonomy (biology), Taxonomy''). As y ...
. It is found in
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...
,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ...
,
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,
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,
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, and
Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...
. Its natural
habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...
s are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.


Taxonomy


Subspecies

* ''Tityra inquisitor inquisitor'': Tropical southeast Brazil (s Piauí) to east Paraguay and northeast Argentina * ''Tityra inquisitor fraserii'': Tropical southeast Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to central Panama * ''Tityra inquisitor albitorques'': Tropical east Panama to northwest Bolivia and west Amazonian Brazil * ''Tityra inquisitor buckleyi'': Tropical southeast Colombia (Caquetá) and east Ecuador (Napo-Pastaza) * ''Tityra inquisitor erythrogenys'': Tropical east Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil * ''Tityra inquisitor pelzelni'': Tropical northeast Bolivia, Mato Grosso and Brazil south of the Amazon The
syntypes In biological nomenclature, a syntype is any one of two or more biological types that is listed in a description of a taxon where no holotype was designated. Precise definitions of this and related terms for types have been established as part o ...
of ''Psaris fraserii'' Kaup
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 19. ,1851 (1852), p.47. pl. 37-38
, an adult male and female, are held in the vertebrate zoology collection of
National Museums Liverpool National Museums Liverpool, formerly National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, comprises several museums and art galleries in and around Liverpool in Merseyside, England. All the museums and galleries in the group have free admission. The mu ...
at
World Museum World Museum is a large museum in Liverpool, England which has extensive collections covering archaeology, ethnology and the natural and physical sciences. Special attractions include the Natural History Centre and a planetarium. Entry to the ...
, with accession number NML-VZ D1868 and NML-VZ D1868a. The specimen came to the Liverpool national collection via the
13th Earl of Derby Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby (21 April 1775 – 30 June 1851), styled Lord Stanley from 1776 to 1832, and Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe from 1832–4, was an English politician, peer, landowner, builder, farmer, art collector and na ...
’s collection which was bequeathed to the people of Liverpool in 1851.


References


Further reading

* black-crowned tityra Birds of Central America Birds of South America black-crowned tityra Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Tityridae-stub