''Bittium'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of very small
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s,
marine gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusc
Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Cerithiidae
Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large taxonomic family, family of medium-sized marine (ocean), marine gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha.
Distribution
Ceriths are found worldwide on sandy bottoms, reef flats or co ...
, the horn snails.
[Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137758 on 8 February 2011]
Distribution
This genus is found worldwide.
Description
Species
Species in the genus ''Bittium'' include:
* ''
Bittium aedonium'' (Watson, 1880)
* ''
Bittium afrum''
* ''
Bittium amboynense'' (Watson, 1881)
* ''
Bittium anembatum'' (Melvill, 1904)
* ''
Bittium aquaticum''
* ''
Bittium arenaense'' Hertlein & Strong, 1951
* ''
Bittium armillatum'' (Carpenter, 1864)
* ''
Bittium arnoldi
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
'' Bartsch, 1911
* ''
Bittium atramentarium'' Melvill & Standen, 1901
* ''
Bittium bandatum'' Bozzetti, 2019
* ''
Bittium bartolomense'' Bartsch, 1917
* ''
Bittium batillarium
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
'' Kuroda & Habe, 1971
* ''
Bittium casmaliense
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
'' Bartsch, 1911
* ''
Bittium cerithium
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
''
* ''
Bittium cerralvoense
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
'' Bartsch, 1911
* ''
Bittium challisae
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
'' Bartsch, 1917
* ''
Bittium chrysomallum
''Bittium chrysomallum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cerithiidae
Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large taxonomic family, family of medium-sized marine (ocean), marine gastro ...
'' Melvill, 1901
* ''
Bittium circa
''Bittium circa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cerithiidae
Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large taxonomic family, family of medium-sized marine (ocean), marine gastropods in ...
'' Moreno, 2006
* ''
Bittium clathratalum
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
''
* † ''
Bittium courtillerianum
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
'' (Millet, 1865)
* † ''
Bittium crassicostatum
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
'' (Etheridge & Bell, 1898)
* † ''
Bittium crassum'' Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
* ''
Bittium decussatum'' (Carpenter, 1857)
* ''
Bittium delicatum'' (Watson, 1880)
* ''
Bittium depauperatum'' (Watson, 1880)
* ''
Bittium diminutivum'' (Philippi, 1845)
* ''
Bittium dumblei''
* ''
Bittium editum'' (
Powell, 1930)
* ''
Bittium elegantissimum'' (Hedley, 1899)
* † ''
Bittium eniwetokense'' Ladd, 1972
* ''
Bittium exiguum''
* ''
Bittium fastigiatum'' Carpenter, 1864
* ''
Bittium filosum''
* ''
Bittium fretense''
* † ''
Bittium gallicum'' Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
* ''
Bittium giganteum'' Bartsch, 1911
* ''
Bittium glareosum'' Gould, 1861
* † ''
Bittium gliberti'' Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016
* ''
Bittium hartbergense''
* ''
Bittium hawaiiensis''
* ''
Bittium impendens'' (Hedley, 1899)
* ''
Bittium incile'' Watson, 1897
* ''
Bittium inornatum'' Bartsch, 1911
* ''
Bittium insulsum'' Preston, 1908
* ''
Bittium koeneni''
* ''
Bittium lacteum
''Bittium lacteum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cerithiidae
Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large taxonomic family, family of medium-sized marine (ocean), marine gastropods ...
'' (Philippi, 1836)
* ''
Bittium laevicordatum
''Zebittium laevicordatum'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cerithiidae, the cerithiids. It is known to occur only at the Three Kings Islands of New Zealand
New Zealand () is an island countr ...
'' (
Powell, 1937)
* † ''
Bittium larrieyense'' Vignal, 1911
* ''
Bittium latreillii'' (Payraudeau, 1826)
* † ''
Bittium lozoueti'' Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016
* ''
Bittium lusciniae'' (Watson, 1880)
* ''
Bittium mexicanum'' Bartsch, 1911
* ''
Bittium midwayense'' Kosuge, 1979
* ''
Bittium multiliratum''
* ''
Bittium nanum'' (Mayer, 1864)
* ''
Bittium nicholsi'' Bartsch, 1911
* ''
Bittium nitens'' Carpenter, 1864
* ''
Bittium ornatissimum'' Bartsch, 1911
* ''
Bittium paleonotum
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
''
* ''
Bittium paludosum''
* ''
Bittium panamense'' Bartsch, 1911
* ''
Bittium peruvianum'' (d'Orbigny, 1841)
* ''
Bittium philomelae'' (Watson, 1880)
* ''
Bittium pigrum'' (Watson, 1880)
* † ''
Bittium pingue'' Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
* ''
Bittium porcellanum
''Bittium porcellanum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cerithiidae
Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large taxonomic family, family of medium-sized marine (ocean), marine gastrop ...
'' Watson, 1886
* ''
Bittium proteum'' (Jousseaume, 1930)
* ''
Bittium pupiforme'' (Watson, 1880)
* ''
Bittium quadricinctum'' E. A. Smith, 1903
* † ''
Bittium renauleauense'' Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
* ''
Bittium reticulatum
''Bittium reticulatum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Cerithiidae.
File:Bittium reticulatum 03.jpg, forma ''antonium''
File:Bittium reticulatum 01.jpg, forma ''scabroides''
File:Bittium ...
'' (da Costa, 1778)
–
* ''
Bittium rubanocinctum''
* ''
Bittium russiensis''
* ''
Bittium salinae''
* ''
Bittium sanjuanense'' Bartsch, 1917
* ''
Bittium santamariense
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
'' Bartsch, 1917
* ''
Bittium scalatum''
* ''
Bittium semigranosum''
* ''
Bittium semigranulosum
* ''
Bittium serra'' Bartsch, 1917
* ''
Bittium simplex'' (Jeffreys, 1867)
* ''
Bittium spina''
* ''
Bittium stigmosum''
* ''
Bittium submamillatum'' (Jeffreys, 1867)
* † ''
Bittium sublima'' (d'Orbigny, 1852)
* ''
Bittium tenuispina''
* ''
Bittium terebelloides
''Bittium'' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the family (biology), family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
* † ''
Bittium transenna'' (Bayan, 1873)
* ''
Bittium tumidum'' Bartsch, 1907
* ''
Bittium turritella''
* ''
Bittium vancouverense'' Dall & Bartsch, 1910
* † ''
Bittium venustulum'' (Millet, 1865)
* † ''
Bittium vignali'' Dollfus, 1909
* ''
Bittium watsoni'' (Jeffreys, 1885)
* ''
Bittium xanthum'' Watson, 1886
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Bittium adamsi'' Dall, 1889: synonym of ''
Finella adamsi'' (Dall, 1889)
* ''Bittium alternatum'' (Say, 1822)
[ accessed 13 January 2011.] and ''Bittium nigrum'' (Totten, 1834) are synonyms of ''
Bittiolum alternatum'' (Say, 1822)
* ''Bittium asperum'' Gabb, 1861: synonym of ''
Lirobittium asperum'' (Gabb, 1861)
* ''Bittium attenuatum'' Carpenter, 1864 – slender cerith:
synonym of ''
Lirobittium attenuatum'' (Carpenter, 1864)
* ''Bittium boeticum'' (Pease, 1860) and ''Bittium pusillum'' (Gould, 1851) are synonyms of ''
Cerithium boeticum'' Pease, 1860
* ''Bittium catalinense'' Bartsch, 1907:
synonym of ''
Lirobittium purpureum'' (Carpenter, 1864)
* ''Bittium cinctum'' Hutton, 1885: synonym of ''
Seila cincta'' (Hutton, 1886)
* † ''Bittium cossmanni'': synonym of † ''
Hemicerithium cossmanni'' (Dall, 1892)
* ''Bittium diplax'' Watson, 1886 is a synonym of ''
Cerithidium diplax'' (Watson, 1886)
* ''Bittium eschrichti'' (Middendorff, 1849): synonym of ''
Neostylidium eschrichtii'' (Middendorff, 1849)
* ''Bittium estuarinum''Tate, 1893: synonym of ''
Zeacumantus plumbeus'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
* ''Bittium exile'' (
Hutton, 1873): synonym of ''
Zebittium exile'' (Hutton, 1873)
* ''Bittium fetellum'' Bartsch, 1911:
synonym of ''
Lirobittium fetellum'' (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
* ''Bittium furvum'' Watson, 1886 : synonym of ''
Cacozeliana furva'' (Watson, 1886)
* ''Bittium fuscocapitulum'' Hedley & Petterd, 1906 : synonym of ''
Cacozeliana fuscocapitulum'' (Hedley & Petterd, 1906)
* ''Bittium granarium'' (Kiener, 1842) is a synonym of ''
Cacozeliana granarium'' (Kiener, 1842)
* ''Bittium hiloense'': synonym of ''
Bittinella hiloensis'' (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1908)
* ''Bittium houbricki'' Ponder, 1993 : synonym of ''
Ittibittium houbricki'' (Ponder, 1993)
* ''Bittium icarus'' (Bayle, 1880) : synonym of ''
Cacozeliana icarus'' (Bayle, 1880)
* ''Bittium interfossa'' (Carpenter, 1864):
synonym of ''
Lirobittium interfossa'' (Carpenter, 1864)
* ''Bittium jadertinum'' Brusina, 1865: synonym of ''Bittium reticulatum'' (da Costa, 1778)
* ''Bittium johnstonae'' Bartsch, 1911:
synonym of ''
Lirobittium johnstonae'' (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
* ''Bittium larum'' Bartsch, 1911:
synonym of ''
Lirobittium larum'' (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
* ''Bittium lawleyanum'' Crosse, 1863: synonym of
Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
* ''Bittium leucocephalum'' Watson, 1886 : synonym of ''
Argyropeza leucocephala'' (Watson, 1886)
* ''Bittium minutulum'': synonym of ''
Batillariella minutula'' (Thiele, 1930) (original combination)
* ''Bittium munitum'' (Carpenter, 1864):
synonym of ''
Lirobittium munitum'' (Carpenter, 1864)
* ''Bittium oldroydae'' Bartsch, 1911:
synonym of ''
Lirobittium oldroydae'' (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
* ''Bittium oryza'' (Mörch, 1876) : synonym of ''
Ittibittium oryza'' (Mörch, 1876)
* ''Bittium paganicum'' (Dall, 1919):
synonym of ''
Lirobittium paganicum'' (Dall, 1919)
* ''Bittium parcum'' Gould, 1861 is a synonym of ''
Ittibittium parcum'' (Gould, 1861)
* ''Bittium perparvulum'' Watson, 1886
is a synonym of ''
Cerithidium perparvulum'' (Watson, 1886)
* ''Bittium perpusillum'' Tryon, 1887 : synonym of ''
Cerithium alutaceum'' (Gould, 1861)
* ''Bittium plumbeum'': synonym of ''
Zeacumantus plumbeus'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
* ''Bittium quadrifilatum'' Carpenter, 1864 – four-thread cerith:
synonym of ''
Lirobittium quadrifilatum'' (Carpenter, 1864) (original combination)
* ''Bittium scabrum'' (Olivi, 1792) : synonym of ''Bittium reticulatum'' (da Costa, 1778)
* ''Bittium seymourianum'' Strebel, 1908: synonym of ''
Cerithiella seymouriana'' (Strebel, 1908) (original combination)
* ''Bittium subplanatum'' Bartsch, 1911:
synonym of ''
Lirobittium rugatum'' (Carpenter, 1864)
* ''Bittium torresiense'' Melvill & Standen, 1899 : synonym of ''Bittium elegantissimum'' (Hedley, 1899)
* ''Bittium variegatum'' Henn & Brazier, 1894 : synonym of ''
Cacozeliana variegatum
''Cacozeliana variegata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cerithiidae
Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large taxonomic family, family of medium-sized marine (ocean), marine gastr ...
'' (Henn & Brazier, 1894)
* ''Bittium varium'' (Pfeiffer, 1840) – grass cerith
is a synonym of ''
Bittiolum varium'' (Pfeiffer, 1840)
* ''Bittium zebrum'' (Kiener, 1841) is a synonym of ''
Cerithium zebrum'' Kiener, 1841
[WoRMS (2010). ''Cerithium zebrum'' Kiener, 1841. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216673 on 13 January 2011]
;Nomen dubium:
* ''Bittium alabastrulum'' (Mörch, 1876)
* ''Bittium caraboboense'' (Weisbord, 1962)
* ''Bittium galactis'' Mörch, 1876
* ''Bittium lima'' (Bruguière, 1792)
See also
* ''
Cerithium''
* ''
Ittibittium''
References
* Biggs H.E. (1971). ''On a proposed new genus of cerithid mollusca from the Dahlak islands, Red Sea''. Journal of Conchology 27: 221–223, pl. 7
* Gründel J. (1976). ''Zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Bittium-Gruppe''. Malakologische Abhandlungen 5(3): 33–59
* Houbrick R. (1978). ''Redescription of Bittium proteum (Jousseaume, 1930) with comments on its generic placements''. The Nautilus 92 (1): 9–11
* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca.'' American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). ''Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
Further reading
Gray, J. E. (1847). A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 15: 129-219*
Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'',
William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Gray, J.E. (1847). On the classification of the British Mollusca by W E Leach. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 1, 20: 267-273Verduin A. (1982). On the taxonomy and variability of recent european species of the genus Bittium Leach (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Basteria 46: 93-120Houbrick R. (1977). Reevaluation and new description of the genus Bittium (Cerithiidae). The Veliger 20 (2): 101-106
{{Authority control
Cerithiidae