Bitterfeld () is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld,

Saxony-Anhalt Saxony-Anhalt ( ; ) is a States of Germany, state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. It covers an area of and has a population of 2.17 million inhabitants, making it the List of German states ...

, Germany. Since 1 July 2007 it has been part of the town of Bitterfeld-Wolfen. It is situated approximately 25 km south of

Dessau Dessau is a district of the independent city of Dessau-Roßlau in Saxony-Anhalt at the confluence of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the ''States of Germany, Bundesland'' (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. Until 1 July 2007, it was an independent ...

, and 30 km northeast of Halle (Saale). At the end of 2016, it had 40,964 inhabitants.

History and description

The name Bitterfeld most likely comes from the

Middle High German Middle High German (MHG; or ; , shortened as ''Mhdt.'' or ''Mhd.'') is the term for the form of High German, High German language, German spoken in the High Middle Ages. It is conventionally dated between 1050 and 1350, developing from Old High ...

words ''bitter'' and ''Feld'' and so means "boggy land".Mitteldeutsche Zeitung: Bitterfeld, ein Name, viele Geschichten
/ref> Bitterfeld was built by a colony of Flemish immigrants in 1153. The first documentary mention is from 1224. It was captured by the landgrave of Meissen in 1476, and belonged thenceforth to

Saxony Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and ...

, until it was ceded to

Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...

in 1815. By 1900, Bitterfeld station was an important junction of the Berlin–Halle and the Magdeburg–Leipzig railways. The population at that time was 11,839; it manufactured drainpipes, paper roofing, and machinery, and had sawmills. There were also several coal mines in the vicinity. Owing to its pleasant situation and accessibility, it became a favoured residence of businessmen of Leipzig and Halle. During the East German (GDR) era, it gained notoriety for its chemical industry complex which caused remarkably severe pollution, even by GDR standards. On 24 April 1959, it also was a scene for the Bitterfeld Conference, locally known as the "Bitterfelder Weg". This conference sought to connect the working class with the artists of the day to form a socialist national culture. In the 21st century Bitterfeld is still an industrial town and it stages the annual United Metal Maniacs

metal A metal () is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electrical resistivity and conductivity, electricity and thermal conductivity, heat relatively well. These properties are all associated wit ...

festival. The former brown-coal open cast mine of Goitzsche, south-east of Bitterfeld, is a source of numerous

fossils A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

in Bitterfeld amber. Bitterfeld-Wolfen Herz-Jesu-Kirche asv2023-06 img1.jpg, Catholic church Bitterfeld Kirche.jpg, Evangelical church Villa am Bernsteinsee.JPG, Villa am Bernsteinsee Pegelturm Goitzschesee.jpg, Pegelturm tower in Goitzschesee lake Bitterfeld Berufschulzentrum.jpg, Vocational school center "August von Parseval" Pouch Giotzsche2.jpg, Großer Goitzschesee (lake)

Historical population

''(from 1840 to 2006)'': Einwohnerentwicklung von Bitterfeld

Notable residents

* Johann Ernst Altenburg (1736-1801), trumpeter and organist * August von Parseval (1861-1942), his impact airships developed by him were partly built in Bitterfeld. * Walther Rathenau (1867-1922), founder of Bitterfeld's chemical industry. * Erwin Ding-Schuler (1912-1945), sturmbannführer and first camp doctor of Buchenwald. * Klaus Staeck (born 1938), graphic artist, lawyer and president of the academy of the arts, grew up in Bitterfeld. * Peter Rasym (born 1953), musician, has been playing bass guitar since 1997 with the Puhdys.

Mayors

* 1851-1863 Gottlieb Meuche * 1863-1873 Gustav Frischbier * 1873-1890 Robert Sommer († 1890) * 1890-1914 Hugo Hermann Adalbert Dippe (1853; † 1916) * 1915-1927 Ernst Albert Hermann Schmidt * 1927-1939 Arthur Erdmann Ebermann * 1939-1945 Erhard Johann Martin Nimz * 1943-1945 Walter Stieb (Interim) * 26 April 1945 to 30 August 1945 Gustav Dietrich (deselection by Soviet city commandant) († 1972) * September 1945 to 1946 Bernhard Moder * 1946-1949 Ernst Rettel * 1949-1950 Karl Salbach * 1950-1953 Heinz-Rudolf Strauch * 1953-1959 Wolfgang Stille * 1959-1971 Else Petrushka * 1971-1979 Max Dittbrenner * 1979-1982 Karlheinz Sohr * 1982-1990 Klaus Barth * 1990-1994 Edelgard Kauf * 1994-2007 Werner Rauball * 2007-2009 Horst Tischer * From 2010 Joachim Gülland

Literature

* Maron, Monika: ''Bitterfelder Bogen''. Ein Bericht. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2009, . * Lojewsky, Hannelore: ''Seh’n wir uns nicht in dieser Welt, so seh’n wir uns in Bitterfeld.'' In: Norbert Kühne: ''Individuelles Lernen wird an Bedeutung gewinnen. 100 Jahre Hans-Böckler-Berufskolleg Marl/Haltern'', Marl 2009, S. 29–30. * Klaus Seehafer: ''Dann sehn wir uns in Bitterfeld. Tagebuch eines Jahres.'' Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle/S. 2009, . * * Hackenholz, Dirk: ''Die elektrochemischen Werke in Bitterfeld 1914–1945. Ein Standort der IG-Farbenindustrie AG.'' LIT Verlag, Münster 2004, .

Notes

References

External links

* * * * * {{Authority control Flemish diaspora Towns in Saxony-Anhalt Anhalt-Bitterfeld