Bishnu Prasad Rabha (1909–1969) was an Indian cultural figure from
Assam
Assam (, , ) is a state in Northeast India, northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley, Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . It is the second largest state in Northeast India, nor ...
, known for his contributions in the fields of music, dance, painting, literature as well as political activism. As an advocate of people's cultural movement, he drew heavily from different genres of classical and folk cultural traditions. Considered a doyen of the
Culture of Assam
The culture of Assam is traditionally a hybrid one, developed due to cultural assimilation of different ethno-cultural groups under various political-economic systems in different periods of its History of Assam, history.
Historical perspec ...
, the
People of Assam
The People of Assam inhabit a multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic and multi-religious society. They speak languages that belong to four main language groups: Tibeto-Burman, Indo-Aryan, Tai-Kadai, and Austroasiatic. The large number of ethnic an ...
affectionately call him ''Kalaguru'' (meaning: "the master of the arts"). He is also called by Marxists as Sainik Silpi (sainik "soldier", silpi "artist") for his active participation in the armed struggle, led by the
Revolutionary Communist Party of India
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Definition
The term—bot ...
(RCPI).
Early life
Bishnu Prasad Rabha was born in
Dacca
Dhaka ( or ; , ), List of renamed places in Bangladesh, formerly known as Dacca, is the capital city, capital and list of cities and towns in Bangladesh, largest city of Bangladesh. It is one of the list of largest cities, largest and list o ...
,
Bengal Presidency
The Bengal Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal until 1937, later the Bengal Province, was the largest of all three presidencies of British India during Company rule in India, Company rule and later a Provinces o ...
,
British India
The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in South Asia. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another ...
on 31 January 1909. His mother's name was Gethi Mech and father's name was Raibahadur Gopal Chandra
Mushahary, who was working as a police under British regime. He was born to a
Bodo
Bodo may refer to:
Ethnicity
* Boro people, also called ''Bodo'', an ethno-linguistic group mainly from Northwest Assam, India
* Bodo-Kachari people, an umbrella group from Nepal, India and Bangladesh that includes the Boro people
Culture an ...
family, but since he was raised by a
Rabha
The Rabha people are a Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group who live mostly in the Northeast Indian state of Assam, with a lesser population in the adjacent state of West Bengal. They primarily inhabit the plains of Lower Assam and the Dooars, while some ...
family, he adopted 'Rabha' surname. Bishnu Rabha attended Tezpur Government High School and later went to
Calcutta
Kolkata, also known as Calcutta (List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern ba ...
for higher education. He completed his ISC exam from
St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College and joined the Ripon College (now
Surendranath College
Surendranath College is an undergraduate college affiliated to the University of Calcutta, in Kolkata, India. It was founded in 1884 by the nationalist leader and scholar Surendranath Banerjee. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate level co ...
) at the
University of Calcutta
The University of Calcutta, informally known as Calcutta University (), is a Public university, public State university (India), state university located in Kolkata, Calcutta (Kolkata), West Bengal, India. It has 151 affiliated undergraduate c ...
for a
BSc degree.

From an early stage, he played an active role in the struggle for Indian Independence. He came to be influenced by left wing ideas and came closer to the
Communist Party of India
The Communist Party of India (CPI) is a political party in India. The CPI considers the Foundation of the Communist Party of India, December 26, 1925 Cawnpore (Kanpur) conference as its foundation date. Between 1946 and 1951, the CPI led m ...
. However, when
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
attacked
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
during second world war and the Indian communists decided to work with the British government, a section of the party favoured a different approach – to oppose British imperialism and European fascism simultaneously. So, a split happened in the communist party and in 1945 he finally joined the
Revolutionary Communist Party of India
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Definition
The term—bot ...
(RCPI). In 1951, after the death of
Jyoti Prasad Agarwala
Jyoti Prasad Agarwala (17 June 1903 – 17 January 1951) was a noted Indian playwright, songwriter, poet, writer and film maker from Assam. He was deeply revered for his creative vision and output and is popularly called the ''Rupkonwar'' of Ass ...
, he became the president of the Assam branch of
Indian People's Theatre Association
Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) is the oldest association of theatre-artists in India. IPTA was formed in 1943 during the British rule in India, and promoted themes related to the Indian freedom struggle. Its goal was to bring cultur ...
(IPTA).
His work ''Bane' Ke'bang'' portrays the life worlds of various indigenous Assamese communities of Assam. His other works include ''Mising Koneng'', ''Sonpahi'', ''Axomiya Kristir Hamuh Abhakh'', and ''Atit Axom''. His interest for the upliftment and liberation of the weaker sections of society is visible in his works. Rabha was an eminent freedom fighter. His meaning of freedom however is not simply freedom from British rule. But it meant freedom from capitalism, freedom from
wage-slavery
Wage slavery is a term used to criticize exploitation of labour by business, by keeping wages low or stagnant in order to maximize profits. The situation of wage slavery can be loosely defined as a person's dependence on wages (or a salary) f ...
, freedom from poverty and all social evils. In his own words, "I am fighting for a revolution from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom". He dedicated his entire life for this freedom movement.
He donated an ancestral estate of 2500 bigha land received from the British government in favour of the peasants. His slogan was "Haal Jaar Maati Taar" means "those who cultivate should own the land". The present day
Tezpur University
Tezpur University is a Central University located in Tezpur in the North-Eastern state of Assam, India, established by an act of Parliament, in 1994.
History
The establishment of Tezpur University is considered to be one of the outcomes of ...
stands upon the land donated by him. His entire life was characterised by a restlessness to work for the people, and he kept on moving around like a nomad. He was also an excellent mass mobiliser. His speeches and lectures could touch the heart of the masses. However, his political struggle was never ended with individual power and seeking motive. It was only to give power at the hands of the masses. He even said that the
independence achieved in 1947 was simply a farce. It is because in spite of the freedom the poor and weaker sections of the society that remained the same and Assam did not get independence from colonial India as sovereign Assam was not established. According to him, the real struggle begins after 1947.
Apart from being a revolutionary, he was also worked as an academic and researcher. This was despite the fact that due to participation in freedom struggle he was forced by the British colonial regime to leave Ripon College at Calcutta and he transferred to
Victoria College (now
Acharya Brojendra Nath Seal College) at Cooch Bihar. He was not able to continue with his formal studies even there, due to frequent raids conducted by the
police
The police are Law enforcement organization, a constituted body of Law enforcement officer, people empowered by a State (polity), state with the aim of Law enforcement, enforcing the law and protecting the Public order policing, public order ...
against his hostel and was compelled to give up his formal educational career forever.
Cultural influence

The level of influence exerted by the ''Kala Guru'' can be observed through the fact that most cultural music competitions of Assam feature a segment called ''Bishnu Rava Sangeet'' related to his compositions, lyrics and verse. Bishnu Prasad was an established singer. He had learnt Borgeet of Shrimanta Shankar Deva and gave the genre a new significance for the modern times. There are more than a hundred songs composed by him. His songs are collectively called as Bishnu Rava Sangeet. This was a new genre of Assamese. In his songs one can see diverse themes like tributes to the Mother Nature, the exploitation of the peasant masses by the colonial rulers, the revolts of the workers at tea industries etc. His songs also reflect his revolutionary ideal and the country's struggle for real freedom. Some of his songs are popular among children even today and will be, for all times to come. Some leading numbers include ''Xurore Deulore'', ''Bilote Halise'', etc. He advocated the need to be aware of other people's cultures, views, religions, etc., and advocated for a world community.
His compositions include song like Para jonomor khubho logonor, logon ukali gol, roi roi keteki, tilai tilai, kurua botah and many more to mention. He was a great actor. He used to perform dramas at
Baan theatre
Baan may refer to:
People
* Baan (surname), a Dutch surname, including a list of people with the name
* Huda al-Baan (born 1960), Yemeni politician
* László Baán (born 1961), Hungarian economist and museum curator
Other uses
*Baan Corporat ...
of Tezpur, which is regarded to be one of the oldest cultural activity centres of Assam. He also translated the famous song of revolution "
Internationale
"The Internationale" is an international anthem that has been adopted as the anthem of various anarchist, communist, socialist, democratic socialist, and social democratic movements. It has been a standard of the socialist movement since the la ...
" by Eugène Pottier into Assamese. His paintings are still preserved in his residence at Tezpur.
Theatre
There have been many live performances at the
Baan theatre
Baan may refer to:
People
* Baan (surname), a Dutch surname, including a list of people with the name
* Huda al-Baan (born 1960), Yemeni politician
* László Baán (born 1961), Hungarian economist and museum curator
Other uses
*Baan Corporat ...
in Tezpur which is famously connected to Bishnu Rava. This theatre (Ban Stage) where many of Bishnu Rabha's plays have been staged is designed by renowned architect Upendra Kumar Baruah.
Films
He was also recognised as a film director, music composer (''Siraj'') and actor (
Era Bator Sur). He was an actor par excellence. His acting expertise was witnessed by Ban Theatre of Tezpur. But he never used this talent for commercial purposes. In spite of having very good rapport with the art world of Kolkata and Bombay, he never left Assam to achieve commercial success in the field of acting. Rather he used his talent to educate the masses. This talent also helped him to move around in disguise during his days of struggle. He also assisted in making of the first Assamese film
Joymoti, by Jyoti Prasad Agarwala. He was also a recognised film director.
Recognition and awards
Rabha's songs are recognised as 'Rabha Sangeet'.
There is an award given in his honour for achievements in the cultural/music world of Assam by the state government.
Kalaguru Bishnu Rabha Award 2016

The relevance of the ideals of ''Kalaguru'' Bishnu Prasad Rabha, the musical and artistic genius who transcended man-made barriers to unite diverse communities was remembered on the occasion of his death anniversary by Assam. The Bishnu Rabha Award for 2016 were also presented on Monday to well-known artist Girish Chandra Bora and prominent Kathak exponent Bipul Das at a function organised at Rabindra Bhawan in Guwahati by the Directorate of Cultural Affairs.
The award carrying Rs 100,000 each, a citation and other gifts was presented to the distinguished personalities by Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal.
Acknowledging the role of the cultural brigade in nation building, Sonowal announced that in the coming days the government would come up with a special policy for the welfare of the artistes. He also assured that Rabindra Bhawan would be developed and within a few months the auditorium will provide a new experience to performers and viewers alike. Stressing the need to promote the ideals of the Kalaguru among the young generation, Sonowal said that by imbibing the humanistic values that Bishnu Prasad Rabha stood for, Assam can be propelled on the road towards real development. Sonowal also laid importance on holistic development of the youth so that they can bring the desired changes with their work culture and commitment.
In his acceptance speech, Girish Chandra Bora said that the honour conferred on him will motivate him to continue with his work with greater zeal. He said that an artist never works with the intention of bagging an award or a favour but creates for the satisfaction of his heart. He also added that the literary and cultural contributions of the revolutionary Bishnu Prasad Rabha have always been an inspiration for him. On the other hand, speaking on the occasion, sarod maestro Amjad Ali Khan recalled the multifaceted personality of the Kalaguru, particularly his patriotism and cultural leanings, and said that music is an important aspect of life, and it does not belong to any religion.
Memorial Park
The Bishnu Rabha Smriti Udyan has been set up as a memorial park in his honour. It is located on the banks of the Brahmaputra near
Tezpur
Tezpur () is a city in Sonitpur district, Assam state, India. Tezpur is located on the banks of the river Brahmaputra, northeast of Guwahati, and is the largest of the north bank cities.
History
Tezpur was under the rule of the Koch dynasty ...
in a plot adjacent to the
Bhairabi Temple
The Bhairabi Temple is located on the outskirts of Tezpur of Sonitpur District in Assam, India.
History
The Goddess Bhairavi is worshipped here as she is one of the Mahavidyas of Maa Durga Devi. The backdrop of the temple is a view looking to ...
.
The park is a result of the hard work of his middle son Hemraj Rabha who took the initiative to pay tribute to his father and started the construction. The project was later on taken by the government of Assam. It contains the cremation spot of the maestro. Apart from it, many of his unforgettable works are sculpted into the walls. The cremation spot lies on the bank of the Brahmaputra as a result of which it was suffering from soil erosion. But now it has been provided with embankments to prevent it and preserve it. Nowadays it has become a major site of attraction for his devotees. People often visit this place to offer homage.
See also
*
Assamese cinema
*
Culture of Assam
The culture of Assam is traditionally a hybrid one, developed due to cultural assimilation of different ethno-cultural groups under various political-economic systems in different periods of its History of Assam, history.
Historical perspec ...
References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rabha, Bishnuprasad
Musicians from Assam
Assamese actors
People from Sonitpur district
Indian male songwriters
20th-century Indian songwriters
Tezpur
1969 deaths
1909 births
St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College alumni
Surendranath College alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Assamese-language poets
Poets from Assam
Assamese-language dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Indian musicians
People from Dhaka
Bodo people
20th-century Bangladeshi musicians
20th-century Bangladeshi writers
Dramatists and playwrights from Assam
20th-century Bangladeshi male writers
20th-century Indian male musicians
Deaths from cancer in India
Assam MLAs 1967–1972