This is a list of the bird species recorded in Singapore. The avifauna of

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

include a total of 450 species, 35 of which have been introduced by humans. This list's

taxonomic 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...

treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of ''

The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'' is a book by Jim Clements which presents a list of the bird species of the world. The most recent printed version is the sixth edition (2007), but has been updated yearly, the last version in 202 ...

'', 2023b edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. The following tags have been used to highlight several categories, but not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring native species.

Abundance

*Very common (VC) - found almost all the time in suitable locations *Common (C) - found most of the time in suitable locations *Uncommon (U) - found some of the time *Rare (R) - found several times a year *Very rare (VR) - not found every year *Extirpated (Ex) - used to be found in Singapore, but not any more

Status

*Resident (R) - stays throughout the year without known breeding record *Resident breeder (RB) - stays throughout the year with known breeding record *Winter visitor (WV) - spends months at wintering site *Passage migrant (PM) - spends days to weeks at wintering site *Migrant breeder (MB) - breeds locally, but winters elsewhere *Non-breeding visitor (NBV) - can be found throughout the year for days to months, but does not breed locally *Vagrant (V) - not usually found locally *Introduced (I) - either released or escaped birds *Reintroduced (rI) - previously extirpated, but has been re-introduced into the wild

Locations

There are many locations for bird watching in Singapore. The habitats include forests, mangroves, rivers, coasts, grasslands, woodlands, marshes, and offshore islands. There are no mountains in Singapore, but there are several hills, i.e., "bukit" (Bt.) in the Malay language. The

house crow The house crow (''Corvus splendens''), also known as the Indian, greynecked, Ceylon or Colombo crow, is a common bird of the crow family that is of Asian origin but now found in many parts of the world, where they arrived assisted by shipping. I ...

is the most successful introduced bird in Singapore. It was originally brought in from

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...

for the purpose of controlling the caterpillar population, but the plan back-fired and instead of attacking the caterpillars, they became a pest. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, crow cullings were common in Singapore and were guided by the

Certis CISCO Certis is one of the five commercial auxiliary police forces authorized to provide armed security officers to government organizations as well as private companies or individuals in Singapore. Certis originated from the Guard and Escort unit of ...

. Crow cullings were discontinued since the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of the areas were largely cleared for redevelopment, such as Tengah New Town. The expiring leases of Neo Tiew in 2014 were also given to Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) restricted area.

Waterfowl

Order:

Anseriformes Anseriformes is an order (biology), order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest f ...

Family:

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family (biology), family of water birds that includes ducks, goose, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted f ...

Anatidae includes the

duck Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family (biology), family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and goose, geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfam ...

s and most duck-like waterfowl, such as

geese A goose (: geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera '' Anser'' (grey geese and white geese) and ''Branta'' (black geese). Some members of the Tadorninae subfamily (e.g., Egyp ...

and

swan Swans are birds of the genus ''Cygnus'' within the family Anatidae. The swans' closest relatives include the goose, geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae where they form the tribe (biology) ...

s. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. *Wandering whistling duck (''

Dendrocygna arcuata The wandering whistling duck (''Dendrocygna arcuata'') is a species of whistling duck. They inhabit tropical and subtropical Australia, the Philippines, Borneo, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Pacific Islands. Taxonomy There are three subsp ...

'') - U/IRB - SBG, SBTB, WCP, ''Marina East, Marina South, P. Punggol'' *Lesser whistling duck ('' Dendrocygna javanica'') - U/RB - Halus, Jurong Central Park, Kranji Marsh, SBTB, SBG, SBWR, WCP, Yishun, ''P. Punggol, S. Serangoon'' *Cotton pygmy-goose ('' Nettapus coromandelianus'') - VR/NBV - BAMKP, CCNR, Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSR, SBTB, Seletar East, ''Marina South, WWC (Poyan), WCP'' *Garganey ('' Spatula querquedula'') - R/WV - Changi, CCNR, Halus, WWC (Poyan), SBWR, Tuas, ''Marina South, Tanah Merah'' *Northern shoveler (''

Spatula clypeata The northern shoveler (; ''Spatula clypeata''), known simply in Britain as the shoveler, is a common and widespread duck. It breeds in northern areas of Europe and throughout the Palearctic and across most of North America, and winters in southe ...

'') - VR/WV - Changi, Halus, WWC (Poyan), SBWR (2008) *Gadwall (''

Mareca strepera The gadwall (''Mareca strepera'') is a common and widespread dabbling duck in the family Anatidae. Taxonomy The gadwall was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. DNA studies have shown that ...

'') - VR/V - ''Punggol (1989)'', SBWR (2020) *Eurasian wigeon (''

Mareca penelope The Eurasian wigeon or European wigeon (''Mareca penelope''), also known as the widgeon or the wigeon, is one of three species of wigeon in the dabbling duck genus ''Mareca''. It is common and widespread within its Palearctic range. Taxonomy Th ...

'') - VR/V - Kranji Marsh (2018), SBWR (1986-7) *Northern pintail ('' Anas acuta'') - VR/WV - SBWR (2016, 2020), ''WWC (Poyan), Senoko, S. Jurong'' *Green-winged teal (''

Anas crecca The Eurasian teal (''Anas crecca''), common teal, or Eurasian green-winged teal is a common and widespread duck that breeds in temperate Eurosiberia and migrates south in winter. The Eurasian teal is often called simply the teal due to being th ...

'') - VR/V - ''S. Jurong (1978)'' *Tufted duck ('' Aythya fuligula'') - V - ''Changi (1999)'', Marsiling Park (2020), SBWR/Kranji Marsh (2023)

Pheasants, grouse, junglefowl, quails and allies

Order:

Galliformes Galliformes is an order (biology), order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkey (bird), turkeys, chickens, Old World quail, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems ...

Family:

Phasianidae Phasianidae is a family (biology), family of heavy, ground-living birds, which includes pheasants, grouse, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, Turkey bird, turkeys, Old World quail, and peafowl. The family includes many of the most popular Game (hu ...

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. *Blue-breasted quail ('' Synoicus chinensis'') - U/RB - Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, Pasir Ris Farmway, P. Punggol, Punggol, SBWR, Tuas *Red junglefowl (''

Gallus gallus The red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus''), also known as the Indian red junglefowl (and formerly the bankiva or bankiva-fowl), is a species of Tropics, tropical, predominantly Terrestrial animal, terrestrial bird in the fowl and pheasant family, P ...

'') - C/RB+IRB - **Changi District (Grand Venture Technology): Pasir Ris, Tampines, Simei, Changi Village, Changi **Kaki Bukit District (Axiom Tab): Kaki Bukit, Kampong Ubi **North East District: Hougang, Serangoon Gardens **Bukit Timah District: Botanic Gardens, Bukit Timah **Fort Canning District: Fort Canning, Oxley Road, Dhoby Ghaut **Gardens by the Bay **Thomson District: Thomson, MacRitchie Reservoir, Bishan Park, Bishan, Ang Mo Kio **Chinatown District: Chinatown, Amoy Street **Ayer Rajah District: Clementi, Singapore Polytechnic, Science Park, Alexandra Hospital, Henderson, Kim Tian, Kampong Bahru, Labrador Park **Bukit Panjang District: Bukit Panjang

Grebes

Order:

Podicipediformes Grebes () are aquatic diving birds in the order Podicipediformes (). Grebes are widely distributed freshwater birds, with some species also found in marine habitats during migration and winter. Most grebes fly, although some flightless specie ...

Family: Podicipedidae

Grebe Grebes () are aquatic diving birds in the order (biology), order Podicipediformes (). Grebes are widely distributed freshwater birds, with some species also found in sea, marine habitats during Bird migration, migration and winter. Most grebes f ...

s are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. *Little grebe (''

Tachybaptus ruficollis The little grebe (''Tachybaptus ruficollis''), also known as dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''takhus'' "fast" and ''bapto'' "to sink under". The specific ''ruficollis'' is from Latin ...

'') - VR/RB - Halus, Rasir Ris Farmway, P. Ubin, KRP, Kranji Marsh, P. Punggol, Punggol, Singapore Quarry, Tampines Quarry

Pigeons

Order:

Columbiformes Columbidae is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. ...

Family:

Columbidae Columbidae is a bird Family (biology), family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the Order (biology), order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in ...

Pigeon Columbidae is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. ...

s are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy

cere The beak, bill, or Rostrum (anatomy), rostrum is an external anatomical structure found mostly in birds, but also in turtles, non-avian dinosaurs and a few mammals. A beak is used for pecking, wikt:grasp#Verb, grasping, and holding (in wikt:probe ...

. *Rock pigeon (''

Columba livia The rock dove (''Columba livia''), also sometimes known as "rock pigeon" or "common pigeon", is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon", although the rock dov ...

'') - VC/IRB - urban areas *Oriental turtle-dove (''

Streptopelia orientalis The Oriental turtle dove or rufous turtle dove (''Streptopelia orientalis'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae. The species has a wide native distribution range from Central Asia east across Asia to Japan. The populations show variations ...

'') - VR/V - LNR, Lim Chu Kang Lane 3, Rower's Bay, Sisters' Is. *Red collared-dove ('' Streptopelia tranquebarica'') - U/IRB - Admiralty Park, Changi, Halus, NTL, PRP, P. Punggol, P. Ubin *Spotted dove (''

Spilopelia chinensis The spotted dove or eastern spotted dove (''Spilopelia chinensis'') is a small and somewhat long-tailed Columbidae, pigeon that is a common resident breeding bird across its native range on the Indian subcontinent and in East Asia, East and South ...

'') - VC/RB - urban areas *Asian emerald dove (''

Chalcophaps indica The emerald dove or common emerald dove (''Chalcophaps indica''), also called Asian emerald dove and grey-capped emerald dove, is a widespread resident breeding pigeon native to the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent and S ...

'') - U/RB - Admiralty Park, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin, SBWR *Zebra dove ('' Geopelia striata'') - VC/RB - urban areas *Little green-pigeon ('' Treron olax'') - ''Ex/R'' + VR/NBV - BTNR, CCNR, Punggol 17th Ave *Pink-necked green-pigeon (''

Treron vernans The pink-necked green pigeon (''Treron vernans'') is a species of bird of the pigeon and dove family, Columbidae. It is a common species of Southeast Asia, found from Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam south through to the major islands of Indonesia ...

'') - C/RB - woodlands *Cinnamon-headed green-pigeon ('' Treron fulvicollis'') - R/NBV - CCNR, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, TEG *Orange-breasted green-pigeon (''

Treron bicinctus The orange-breasted green pigeon (''Treron bicinctus'') is a pigeon found across tropical Asia south of the Himalaya across parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Like other green pigeons, it feeds mainly on small fruit. They may be ...

'') - VR/NBV - JLG *Thick-billed green-pigeon (''

Treron curvirostra The thick-billed green pigeon (''Treron curvirostra'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. Taxonomy The thick-billed green pigeon was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expan ...

'') - U/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Springleaf, St. John Is., Sentosa, ''Marina South'' *Jambu fruit-dove (''

Ptilinopus jambu The jambu fruit dove (''Ptilinopus jambu'') is a smallish colourful fruit dove. It is a resident breeding species in southern Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei and the Indonesian islands of Kalimantan, Sumatra and Java. It is a monotypic species. Taxon ...

'') - U/NBV - BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, DFNP, JLG, Kranji Marsh, KRP, MFP, P. Punggol, SBG *Green imperial-pigeon (''

Ducula aenea The green imperial pigeon (''Ducula aenea'') is a large forest pigeon. The large range extends from Nepal, southern India and Sri Lanka eastwards to southern China, Indonesia and the Philippines. Taxonomy In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin J ...

'') - U/RB - BBNP, CBP, Halus, Loyang, PRP, P. Ubin, P. Tekong *Mountain imperial-pigeon ('' Ducula badia'') - VR/V - P. Ubin (2012, 2016-7) *Pied imperial-pigeon (''

Ducula bicolor ''Ducula'' is a genus of the pigeon family Columbidae, collectively known as imperial pigeons. They are large to very large pigeons with a heavy build and medium to long tails. They are arboreal, feed mainly on fruit and are closely related to t ...

'') - R/NBV + C/IRB - NBV: P. Salu, Singapore Strait, Southern Islands; IRB: BBNP, Bt Batok West, JLG, LNR, WWC (Poyan), PRP, Tuas, WCP

Cuckoos

Order:

Cuculiformes Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae ( ) family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes ( ). The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals, and anis. The coucals and anis are somet ...

Family:

Cuculidae Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae ( ) family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes ( ). The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals, and anis. The coucals and anis are someti ...

The family Cuculidae includes

cuckoo Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae ( ) family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes ( ). The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals, and anis. The coucals and anis are somet ...

roadrunner The roadrunners (genus ''Geococcyx''), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern and south-central United States, Mexico and C ...

s and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are

brood parasite Brood may refer to: Nature * Brood, a collective term for offspring * Brooding, the incubation of bird eggs by their parents * Bee brood, the young of a beehive * Individual broods of North American periodical cicadas: ** Brood X, the largest ...

s. *Greater coucal ('' Centropus sinensis'') - U/RB - woodlands: CCNR, Halus, Mandai, NTL, WWC (Poyan), PRP, SBG, SBWR, TBHP, Venus Drive *Lesser coucal ('' Centropus bengalensis'') - C/RB - grasslands *Chestnut-bellied malkoha (''

Phaenicophaeus sumatranus The chestnut-bellied malkoha (''Phaenicophaeus sumatranus'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowl ...

'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, JEG, Mandai, WWC (Poyan), TBHP *Chestnut-winged cuckoo (''

Clamator coromandus The chestnut-winged cuckoo or red-winged crested cuckoo (''Clamator coromandus'') is a cuckoo found in Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia. It has dark glossy upperparts, a black head with long crest chestnut wings, a long graduated glossy bla ...

'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, SBTB, Halus, JEG, JLG, WWC (Murai, Thousand Oaks, Poyan), PRP, P. Punggol, Simpang, SBG, SBWR, Tengah, TEG, Tuas, ''Khatib Bongsu, Marina South'' *Pied cuckoo (''

Clamator jacobinus ''Clamator'' is a genus of large brood-parasitic cuckoos with crests and graduated tails. The genus was erected by German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup in 1829 with the great spotted cuckoo (''Clamator glandarius'') as the type species. The n ...

'') - VR/V - Halus (2013-4, 2015) *Asian koel (''

Eudynamys scolopaceus The Asian koel (''Eudynamys scolopaceus'') is a member of the cuckoo family (biology), family of birds, the Cuculidae. It is found in the Indian Subcontinent, Pakistan, China, and Southeast Asia. It forms a superspecies with the closely related b ...

'') - C/RBWV - Islandwide (including offshore islands) *Asian emerald cuckoo ('' Chrysococcyx maculatus'') - VR/V - JLG (2021), P. Ubin (2021), Sentosa (2017-8), Ulu Pandan (2020) *Violet cuckoo ('' Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus'') - U/RBWV - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, JEG, Mandai, NTL, PRP, WWC (Poyan), P. Ubin, SBG, Simpang, Springleaf, Tengah *Horsfield's bronze-cuckoo (''

Chrysococcyx basalis Horsfield's bronze cuckoo (''Chalcites basalis'') is a small cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. Its size averages and is distinguished by its green and bronze iridescent colouring on its back and incomplete brown barring from neck to tail. Horsfield ...

'') - R/WV - Changi Beach, CCKC, Halus, Kranji, P. Punggol, P. Tekong, Punggol, Sentosa, Tuas, ''Marina East'', ''Marina South'' *Little bronze-cuckoo (''

Chrysococcyx minutillus The little bronze cuckoo (''Chalcites minutillus'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It was formerly placed in the genus ''Chrysococcyx''. It is a common brood parasite of birds form the genus '' Geryone.'' This cuckoo is found in ...

'') - C/RB - woodlands *Banded bay cuckoo ('' Cacomantis sonneratii'') - U/RB - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, Marina East, NTL, P. Ubin, SBWR *Plaintive cuckoo (''

Cacomantis merulinus The plaintive cuckoo (''Cacomantis merulinus'') is a species of bird belonging to the genus ''Cacomantis'' in the cuckoo family Cuculidae. It is native to Asia, from India, Nepal and China to Indonesia. Description The plaintive cuckoo is fai ...

'') - U/RB - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, WWC (Poyan), PRP, Punggol, SBWR, Tampines, Tuas *Brush cuckoo ('' Cacomantis variolosus'') - U/RB - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Coney Is., Halus, JLG, NTL, WWC (Poyan), P. Tekong, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, ''Khatib Bongsu'' *Square-tailed drongo-cuckoo ('' Surniculus lugubris'') - U/RBWV - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, JLG, Mandai, NTL, PRP, WWC (Poyan), SBG, SBWR *Large hawk-cuckoo (''

Hierococcyx sparverioides The large hawk-cuckoo (''Hierococcyx sparverioides'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It has a wide breeding distribution from temperate Asia along the Himalayas extending to East Asia. Many populations winter further south. They ...

'') - R/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, JLG, P. Punggol, PRP, Sentosa, Tuas, ''Khatib Bongsu'' *Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo (''

Hierococcyx nisicolor Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo (''Hierococcyx nisicolor''), also known as the whistling hawk-cuckoo is a species of cuckoo found in north-eastern India, Myanmar, southern China and southeast Asia. Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo is a brood parasite. The chick evic ...

'') - R/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, CCKC, Coney Is., JLG, Kusu Is., Mandai, PRP, WWC (Poyan), P. Punggol, Sembawang, Tuas *Malaysian hawk-cuckoo (''

Hierococcyx fugax The Malaysian hawk-cuckoo or Malay hawk-cuckoo (''Hierococcyx fugax'') is a bird in the family Cuculidae formerly considered conspecific with Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo and the rufous hawk-cuckoo. All three species were previously assigned as ''Cucul ...

'') - R/NBV - BAMKP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, JLG, WWC (Poyan), SBWR *Indian cuckoo ('' Cuculus micropterus'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, JLG, Mandai, MFP, NTL, WWC (Poyan), P. Punggol, SBG, SBWR, Sembawang, Sentosa, Tuas *Himalayan cuckoo ('' Cuculus saturatus'') - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, CCNR, Coney Is., JLG, Tuas

Nightjars and allies

Order:

Caprimulgiformes Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called bugeaters, their primary source of food ...

Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjar Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called bugeaters, their primary source of food ...

s are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. *Malaysian eared-nightjar ('' Lyncornis temminckii'') - ''Ex/R'' - BBNP, CCNR *Grey nightjar ('' Caprimulgus jotaka'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, JLG, SBWR, TBHP *Large-tailed nightjar ('' Caprimulgus macrurus'') - C/RB - woodlands *Savanna nightjar ('' Caprimulgus affinis'') - U/RB - grasslands: Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Ubin, Punggol, Seletar East, TEG, Tuas

Swifts

Order:

Family:

Apodidae The Apodidae, or swifts, form a family of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes along with hummingbirds. The treeswifts ar ...

Swift Swift or SWIFT most commonly refers to: * SWIFT, an international organization facilitating transactions between banks ** SWIFT code * Swift (programming language) * Swift (bird), a family of birds It may also refer to: Organizations * SWIF ...

s are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. *Silver-rumped needletail ('' Rhaphidura leucopygialis'') - VR/NBV - CCNR, Changi, WWC (Poyan) *White-throated needletail ('' Hirundapus caudacutus'') - VR/PM - BTNR, CCNR, Henderson Waves *Silver-backed needletail ('' Hirundapus cochinchinensis'') - R/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Henderson Waves *Brown-backed needletail ('' Hirundapus giganteus'') - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, Henderson Waves, Marina East, P. Ubin *Plume-toed swiftlet ('' Collocalia affinis'') - U/R - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Henderson Waves, MFP, SBG *Black-nest swiftlet (''

Aerodramus maximus The black-nest swiftlet (''Aerodramus maximus'') is a species of swift in the family Apodidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropica ...

'') - C/RB - islandwide, including offshore islands *Germain's swiftlet (''

Aerodramus germani The edible-nest swiftlet (''Aerodramus fuciphagus''), also known as the white-nest swiftlet, is a small bird of the swift family which is found in Southeast Asia. Its opaque and whitish bird nest is made exclusively of solidified saliva and is th ...

'') - C/RB - islandwide, including offshore islands *Common swift (''

Apus apus The common swift (''Apus apus'') is a medium-sized bird, superficially similar to the barn swallow or house martin but somewhat larger, though not stemming from those passerine species, being in the order Apodiformes. The resemblances between t ...

'') - VR/V - CCNR, Henderson Waves *Pacific swift (''

Apus pacificus The Pacific swift (''Apus pacificus'') is a species of bird that is part of the Swift family. It breeds in eastern Asia. It is strongly migratory, spending the northern hemisphere's winter in Southeast Asia and Australia. The general shape a ...

'') - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, KRP, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait, Tuas *House swift ('' Apus nipalensis'') - U/RB - Buangkok, Changi, CCNR, DFNP, Halus, Henderson Waves, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Tuas *Asian palm-swift ('' Cypsiurus balasiensis'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Halus, KRP, WWC (Poyan), P. Ubin

Treeswifts

Order:

Family: Hemiprocnidae The treeswifts, also called crested swifts, are closely related to the true swifts. They differ from the other swifts in that they have crests, long forked tails and softer plumage. *Grey-rumped treeswift (''

Hemiprocne longipennis The grey-rumped treeswift (''Hemiprocne longipennis'') is a species of bird in the Hemiprocnidae family. Currently, four extant species are placed in the family. Like the other members of the Hemiprocnidae, this species is closely related to tr ...

'') - U/RB - BAMKP, BBNP, Bidadari, CCNR, KRP, Mandai, SBG, TBHP *Whiskered treeswift (''

Hemiprocne comata The whiskered treeswift (''Hemiprocne comata'') is a species of bird in the family Hemiprocnidae. It is the smallest of 4 species in genus ''Hemiprocne'' and is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thail ...

'') - ''Ex/RB'' + VR/NBV - BTNR, CCNR, Dairy Farm

Rails, gallinules and coots

Order:

Gruiformes The Gruiformes ( ) are an order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like". Traditionally, a number of wading and terrestrial bird families that ...

Family:

Rallidae Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family (biology), family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes ...

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the

rails Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters * Railway track or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' (1967 fi ...

crake Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes such ubiquitous species as the crakes, coots ...

coot Coots are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family, Rallidae. They constitute the genus ''Fulica'', the name being the Latin term for "coot". Coots have predominantly black plumage, and—unlike many rails—they are usual ...

s and

gallinule Moorhens—sometimes called marsh hens—are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family (Rallidae). Most species are placed in the genus ''Gallinula'', Latin for "little hen." They are close relatives of coots. They are ...

s. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. *Slaty-breasted rail ('' Lewinia striata'') - U/RB - tall grass areas *Eurasian moorhen (''

Gallinula chloropus The common moorhen (''Gallinula chloropus''), also known as the waterhen, is a bird species in the rail family (Rallidae). It is distributed across many parts of the Old World, across Africa, Europe, and Asia. It lives around well-vegetated marsh ...

'') - U/RB - BAMKP, Halus, Kranji Marsh, Lim Chu Kang Lane 3, Marina East, One-North, WWC (Poyan), SBG, WCP, ''Marina South, P. Punggol, Serangoon'' *Eurasian coot (''

Fulica atra The Eurasian coot (''Fulica atra''), also known as the common coot, or Australian coot, is a member of the rail and crake bird family, the Rallidae. It is found in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and parts of North Africa. It has a slaty-bla ...

'') - VR/V - ''WWC (Poyan)'' *Black-backed swamphen (''

Porphyrio indicus ''Porphyrio'' is the swamphen or swamp hen bird genus in the rail family. It includes some smaller species of gallinules which are sometimes separated as genus ''Porphyrula'' or united with the gallinules proper (or "moorhens") in '' Gallinula' ...

'') - VR/NBV - CBP, Kranji Marsh *Grey-headed swamphen ('' Porphyrio poliocephalus'') - ''R/RB'' - ''Halus, Kranji Marsh, Neo Tiew, WWC (Poyan), TEG'' *Watercock ('' Gallicrex cinerea'') - U/WV - Changi, Halus, Jurong East, Kranji Marsh, Marina East, WWC (Poyan), SBG, SBWR, Tuas, ''Khatib Bongsu'', ''Marina South'' *White-breasted waterhen (''

Amaurornis phoenicurus The white-breasted waterhen (''Amaurornis phoenicurus'') is a waterbird of the rail and crake family, Rallidae, that is widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia. They are dark slaty birds with a clean white face, breast and belly. They ...

'') - C/RBWV - islandwide *White-browed crake ('' Poliolimnas cinereus'') - U/RB - Halus, Kranji Marsh, SBWR, ''Punggol'' *Red-legged crake (''

Rallina fasciata The red-legged crake (''Rallina fasciata'') is a waterbird in the rail and crake family, Rallidae. Description It is a medium-large crake (length 24 cm). Its head, neck and breast red-brown, paler on throat. Its upper parts are grey-brown. ...

'') - U/RBWV - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, MFP, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR *Slaty-legged crake (''

Rallina eurizonoides The slaty-legged crake or banded crake (''Rallina eurizonoides'') is a waterbird in the rail and crake family, Rallidae. Distribution and habitat Its breeding habitat is swamps and similar wet areas in well-wooded country across south Asia east ...

'') - VR/WVPM - Admiralty Park, Bedok, Haig Road, Jurong Is., JLG, LPR, Punggol, Sentosa *Ruddy-breasted crake ('' Zapornia fusca'') - U/RBWV - BAMKP, Changi, Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSR, Marina East, Punggol, P. Punggol, Tampines, Tuas, ''Marina South'' *Band-bellied crake ('' Zapornia paykullii'') - VR/PM - Bedok, CCNR, JLG, Lor Lada Hitam, SBG, Venus Drive *Baillon's crake (''

Zapornia pusilla Baillon's crake (''Zapornia pusilla''), also known as the marsh crake, is a small waterbird of the family Rallidae. Distribution Their breeding habitat is Cyperaceae, sedge beds in Europe, mainly in the east, and across the Palearctic. They used ...

'') - R/WVPM - Bt. Batok, Halus, Marina East, NTL, SBTB, Tampines, Tuas, P. Punggol

Finfoots

Order:

Family:

Heliornithidae The Heliornithidae are a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet like those of grebes and coots. The family overall are known as finfoots, although one species is known as a sungrebe. The family is composed of three specie ...

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. *Masked finfoot (''

Heliopais personatus The masked finfoot or Asian finfoot (''Heliopais personatus'') is a highly endangered aquatic bird that was formerly distributed throughout the fresh and brackish wetlands of the eastern Indian subcontinent, Indochina, Malaysia and Indonesia. Lik ...

'') - V - SBWR (1999), USR (2002, 2010)

Thick-knees

Order:

Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from '' Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water ...

Family:

Burhinidae The stone-curlews, also known as dikkops or thick-knees, consist of 10 species within the family Burhinidae, and are found throughout the tropical and temperate parts of the world, with two or more species occurring in some areas of Africa, Asia, ...

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. *Beach thick-knee ('' Esacus magnirostris'') - Ex/R - Southern Islands

Stilts and avocets

Order:

Family:

Recurvirostridae The Recurvirostridae are a family of birds in the wader suborder Charadrii. It contains two distinct groups of birds, the avocets (one genus) and the stilts (two genera). Description Avocets and stilts range in length from and in weight from ; ...

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the

avocet The four species of avocets are a genus, ''Recurvirostra'', of waders in the same avian family as the stilts. The genus name comes from Latin , 'curved backwards' and , 'bill'. The common name is thought to derive from the Italian ( Ferrarese) ...

s and

stilt Stilt is a common name for several species of birds in the family Recurvirostridae, which also includes those known as avocets. They are found in brackish or saline wetlands in warm or hot climates. They have extremely long legs, hence the grou ...

s. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. *Black-winged stilt (''

Himantopus himantopus The black-winged stilt (''Himantopus himantopus'') is a widely distributed, very long-legged wader in the avocet and stilt family Recurvirostridae. Its scientific name, ''Himantopus himantopus'', is sometimes used to generalize a single, almost ...

'') - VR/WV + VR/RB - WVPM: Changi, JLG, Kranji Marsh, LSD, Marina East, SBWR, Tuas, ''P. Punggol''. RB: P. Tekong (2019) *Pied stilt ('' Himantopus leucocephalus'') - VR/RB+NBV - Marina East (2023), P. Tekong (2019, 2021), Seletar Dam (2023)

Plovers and lapwings

Order:

Family:

Charadriidae The bird family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. The family contains 69 species that are divided into 10 genera. Taxonomy The family Charadriidae was introduced (as Charadriadæ) by the English zoologist William El ...

The family Charadriidae includes the

plover Plovers ( , ) are members of a widely distributed group of wader, wading birds of subfamily Charadriinae. The term "plover" applies to all the members of the subfamily, though only about half of them include it in their name. Species lis ...

dotterel The Eurasian dotterel (''Eudromias morinellus''), also known in Europe as just dotterel, is a small wader in the plover family of birds. It is the only species placed in the genus ''Eudromias''. The dotterel is a brown-and-black-streaked bird ...

s and

lapwing Lapwings (subfamily Vanellinae) are any of various ground-nesting birds (Family (biology), family Charadriidae) akin to plovers and dotterels. They range from in length, and are noted for their slow, irregular wingbeats in flight and a shrill, ...

s. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. *Black-bellied plover ('' Pluvialis squatarola'') - U/WVPM - Changi, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR *Pacific golden-plover (''

Pluvialis fulva The Pacific golden plover (''Pluvialis fulva'') is a migratory shorebird that breeds during summer in Alaska and Siberia. During nonbreeding season, this medium-sized plover migrates widely across the Pacific. Taxonomy The Pacific golden plove ...

'') - C/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats, open areas *Grey-headed lapwing ('' Vanellus cinereus'') - R/WVPM - Holland Plain, Marina East, NTL, SBG, SBWR, Tuas *Red-wattled lapwing (''

Vanellus indicus The red-wattled lapwing (''Vanellus indicus'') is an Asian lapwing or large plover, a wader in the family Charadriidae. Like other lapwings they are ground birds that are incapable of perching. Their characteristic loud alarm calls are indicat ...

'') - U/RB - Bukit Batok West, Changi, Kranji, Marina East, Neo Tiew, Kranji, Marina East, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, WWC (Sarimbun), Tuas, Warren *Masked lapwing (''

Vanellus miles The masked lapwing (''Vanellus miles'') is a large, common and conspicuous bird native to Australia (particularly the northern and eastern parts of the continent), New Zealand and New Guinea. It spends most of its time on the ground searching for ...

'') - U/IRB - Marina East, Seletar West, Sungei Bedok *Tibetan sand-plover ('' Charadrius atrifrons'') - C/WV - Seletar Dam, SBWR, Mandai Mudflat, Ubin, Marina East and Pulau Punggol *Greater sand-plover ('' Charadrius leschenaultii'') - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Marina East, SBWR *Malaysian plover ('' Charadrius peronii'') - U/RB - Changi, Halus, LSD, Marina East, P. Semakau, Tuas *Kentish plover (''

Charadrius alexandrinus The Kentish plover (''Anarhynchus alexandrinus'') is a small wader () of the family Charadriidae that breeds on the shores of saline lakes, lagoons, and coasts, populating sand dunes, marshes, semi-arid desert, and tundra.Székely, T., A. Argüel ...

'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Marina East, Tuas *White-faced plover ('' Charadrius dealbatus'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Marina East *Javan plover (''

Charadrius javanicus The Javan plover (''Anarhynchus javanicus'') is a bird species in the family Charadriidae. It is Endemism, endemic to Indonesia, where it inhabits sandy shores and intertidal mudflats. It is threatened by habitat loss and is listed as Least conce ...

'') - VR/NBV - Marina East, P. Tekong *Common ringed plover (''

Charadrius hiaticula The common ringed plover or ringed plover (''Charadrius hiaticula'') is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae. It breeds across much of northern Eurasia, as well as Greenland. Taxonomy The common ringed plover was formally described i ...

'') - VR/PM - Changi, SBWR *Little ringed plover ('' Charadrius dubius'') - U/WVPM - open areas, rivers, coasts *Oriental plover ('' Charadrius veredus'') - VR/PM - Changi, LSD, P. Ubin, Tuas

Painted-snipes

Order:

Family:

Rostratulidae The Rostratulidae, commonly known as the painted-snipes, are a family of wading birds that consists of two genera: '' Rostratula'' and '' Nycticryphes''. Description The painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the ...

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. *Greater painted-snipe (''

Rostratula benghalensis The greater painted-snipe (''Rostratula benghalensis'') is a species of wader in the small painted-snipe family Rostratulidae. It widely distributed across Africa and southern Asia and is found in a variety of wetland habitats, including swamps a ...

'') - R/RB - Halus, Jurong Central Park, Jurong West, Kranji Marsh, Marina East, Pasir Ris Farmway, Punggol, Tuas, SBG

Jacanas

Order:

Family:

Jacanidae The jacanas (sometimes referred to as Jesus birds or lily trotters) are a group of tropical waders in the family (biology), family Jacanidae. They are found in the tropical regions around the world. They are noted for their elongated toes and to ...

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. *Pheasant-tailed jacana (''

Hydrophasianus chirurgus The pheasant-tailed jacana (''Hydrophasianus chirurgus'') is a jacana in the monotypic genus ''Hydrophasianus''. Like all other jacanas, they have elongated toes and nails that enable them to walk on floating vegetation in shallow lakes, their p ...

'') - VR/WV - CCNR, Halus, HNP (Hindhede Quarry), Marina East, NTL (Kranji Marsh), SBTB, SBWR

Sandpipers and allies

Order:

Family:

Scolopacidae Scolopacidae is a large family of shorebirds, or waders, which mainly includes many species known as sandpipers, but also others such as woodcocks, curlews and snipes. Most of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil ...

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the

sandpiper Scolopacidae is a large family of shorebirds, or waders, which mainly includes many species known as sandpipers, but also others such as woodcocks, curlews and snipes. Most of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or so ...

curlew The curlews () are a group of nine species of birds in the genus ''Numenius'', characterised by their long, slender, downcurved bills and mottled brown plumage. The English name is imitative of the Eurasian curlew's call, but may have been infl ...

godwit Godwits are a group of four large, long-billed, long-legged and strongly bird migration, migratory waders of the bird genus ''Limosa''. Their long bills allow them to probe deeply in the sand for aquatic worms and mollusca, molluscs. In their ...

shanks Shanks may refer to: People with the surname * Alison Shanks (born 1982), New Zealand professional racing cyclist * Bill Shanks, American sports broadcaster and writer * Bruce Shanks (1908–1980), American editorial cartoonist * Charles G. ...

, tattlers,

woodcock The woodcocks are a group of seven or eight very similar living species of sandpipers in the genus ''Scolopax''. The genus name is Latin for a snipe or woodcock, and until around 1800 was used to refer to a variety of waders. The English name ...

snipe A snipe is any of about 26 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. They are characterized by a very long, slender bill, eyes placed high on the head, and cryptic/ camouflaging plumage. ''Gallinago'' snipe have a nearly ...

dowitcher The three dowitchers are medium-sized long-billed wading birds in the genus ''Limnodromus''. The English name "dowitcher" is from Iroquois, recorded in English by the 1830s. The OED's earliest example is from 1841, but full-text searching giv ...

s and

phalarope A phalarope is any of three living species of slender-necked shorebirds in the genus ''Phalaropus'' of the bird family Scolopacidae. Phalaropes are close relatives of the shanks and tattlers, the '' Actitis'' and Terek sandpipers, and also ...

s. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. *Whimbrel (''

Numenius phaeopus The Eurasian or common whimbrel (''Numenius phaeopus''), also known as the white-rumped whimbrel in North America, is a wader in the large family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across much of subarctic Asi ...

'') - C/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats *Little curlew ('' Numenius minutus'') - VR/V - Tuas (1997) *Far Eastern curlew ('' Numenius madagascariensis'') - VR/PM - Changi, SBWR *Eurasian curlew (''

Numenius arquata The Eurasian curlew or common curlew (''Numenius arquata'') is a very large wader in the family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across temperate Europe and Asia. In Europe, this species is often referred t ...

'') - R/WVPM - Changi, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas *Bar-tailed godwit (''

Limosa lapponica The bar-tailed godwit (''Limosa lapponica'') is a large and strongly migratory wader in the family (biology), family Scolopacidae, which feeds on Polychaete, bristle-worms and shellfish on coastal mudflats and Estuary, estuaries. It has distincti ...

'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, SBWR *Black-tailed godwit (''

Limosa limosa The black-tailed godwit (''Limosa limosa'') is a large, long-legged, long-billed shorebird first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is a member of the godwit genus, ''Limosa''. There are four subspecies, all with orange head, neck and chest ...

'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR *Ruddy turnstone (''

Arenaria interpres The ruddy turnstone (''Arenaria interpres'') is a small cosmopolitan wading bird, one of two species of turnstone in the genus ''Arenaria''. It is now classified in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae but was formerly sometimes placed in the plov ...

'') - U/WV - Changi, Halus, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR *Great knot (''

Calidris tenuirostris __NOTOC__ The great knot (''Calidris tenuirostris'') is a small wader. It is the largest species of the genus ''Calidris''. They are a migratory bird which breeds in Siberia, Russia, and flies to southern Asia and Australia in the northern winte ...

'') - R/PM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR *Red knot (''

Calidris canutus The red knot or just knot (''Calidris canutus'') is a medium-sized shorebird which breeds in tundra and the Arctic Cordillera in the far north of Canada, Europe, and Russia. It is a large member of the ''Calidris'' sandpipers, second only to the ...

'') - VR/WV - LSD, P. Ubin, SBWR *Ruff ('' Calidris pugnax'') - VR/WV - Changi, SBWR *Broad-billed sandpiper ('' Calidris falcinellus'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR *Sharp-tailed sandpiper ('' Calidris acuminata'') - R/V - Changi *Curlew sandpiper ('' Calidris ferruginea'') - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, SBWR *Temminck's stint ('' Calidris temminckii'') - VR/PM - ''S. Jurong, Senoko'' *Long-toed stint ('' Calidris subminuta'') - R/WVPM - Changi, NTL, Pulau Punggol, SBWR, Tuas *Spoon-billed sandpiper ('' Calidris pygmaea'') - VR/WV - Changi *Red-necked stint ('' Calidris ruficollis'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, SBWR *Sanderling ('' Calidris alba'') - U/WV - Changi, LSD, Marina East, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR *Dunlin ('' Calidris alpina'') - VR/PM - ''Changi, Senoko'' *Little stint ('' Calidris minuta'') - VR/PM - P. Ubin (2017) *Pectoral sandpiper ('' Calidris melanotos'') - R/V - Changi *Asian dowitcher (''

Limnodromus semipalmatus The Asian dowitcher (''Limnodromus semipalmatus'') is a rare medium-large wader. Description Adults have dark legs and a long straight dark bill, somewhat shorter than that of the long-billed dowitcher. The body is brown on top and reddish under ...

'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, P. Ubin, SBWR *Eurasian woodcock ('' Scolopax rusticola'') - VR/V - ''Changi, Serangoon'' *Common snipe (''

Gallinago gallinago The common snipe (''Gallinago gallinago'') is a small, stocky wader native to the Old World. Distribution and habitat The breeding habitats are marshes, bogs, tundra and wet meadows throughout the Palearctic. In the north, the distribution li ...

'') - U/WV - Changi, JLG, Halus, WWC (Poyan), SBWR, Tuas, Venus Drive, Khatib Bongsu, P. Punggol, Punggol *Pin-tailed snipe ('' Gallinago stenura'') - U/WV - Changi, CCKC, Halus, JLG, Punggol, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas, Warren *Swinhoe's snipe ('' Gallinago megala'') - R/WV - Changi, Jurong West, Punggol, NTL *Terek sandpiper ('' Xenus cinereus'') - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR *Red-necked phalarope (''

Phalaropus lobatus The red-necked phalarope (''Phalaropus lobatus''), also known as the northern phalarope and hyperborean phalarope, is a small wader. This phalarope breeds in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. It is migratory, and, unusually for a ...

'') - VR/WV - P. Tekong, Singapore Strait *Common sandpiper (''

Actitis hypoleucos The common sandpiper (''Actitis hypoleucos'') is a small Palearctic wader. This bird and its American sister species, the spotted sandpiper (''A. macularia''), make up the genus ''Actitis''. They are parapatric and replace each other geographic ...

'') - VC/WVPM - waterbodies *Green sandpiper (''

Tringa ochropus The green sandpiper (''Tringa ochropus'') is a small wader (shorebird) of the Old World. The green sandpiper represents an ancient lineage of the genus ''Tringa''; its only close living relative is the solitary sandpiper (''T. solitaria''). The ...

'') - VR/WV - CCK, Lim Chu Kang Lane 3, NTL, SBWR *Grey-tailed tattler (''

Tringa brevipes The grey-tailed tattler (''Tringa brevipes'', formerly ''Heteroscelus brevipes''Banks, Richard C.; Cicero, Carla; Dunn, Jon L.; Kratter, Andrew W.; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Remsen, J. V. Jr.; Rising, James D. & Stotz, Douglas F. (2006):Forty-seventh ...

'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR *Spotted redshank ('' Tringa erythropus'') - VR/WV - Punggol, SBWR *Common greenshank ('' Tringa nebularia'') - VC/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats *Nordmann's greenshank ('' Tringa guttifer'') - VR/WV - Changi, SBWR *Marsh sandpiper (''

Tringa stagnatilis The marsh sandpiper (''Tringa stagnatilis'') is a small wader. It is a rather small shank, and breeds in open grassy steppe and taiga wetlands from easternmost Europe to the Russian Far East. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the Neo-Latin name given ...

'') - U/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats *Wood sandpiper (''

Tringa glareola The wood sandpiper (''Tringa glareola'') is a small wader belonging to the sandpiper family Scolopacidae. A Eurasian species, it is the smallest of the shanks, a genus of mid-sized, long-legged waders that largely inhabit freshwater and wetland e ...

'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, SBWR, Tuas *Common redshank (''

Tringa totanus ''Tringa'' is a genus of waders, containing the shanks and tattlers. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the Neo-Latin name given to the green sandpiper by the Italian naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi in 1599. They are mainly freshwater birds, often with ...

'') - VC/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats

Buttonquail

Order:

Family:

Turnicidae Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds, Turnicidae, which resemble, but are not closely related to, the quails of Phasianidae. They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. There are 18 species in ...

The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. *Barred buttonquail ('' Turnix suscitator'') - U/RB - Changi, Coney Is., Halus, JLG, NTL, Pasir Ris Farmway, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Punggol, TEG, Tuas

Pratincoles and coursers

Order:

Family:

Glareolidae Glareolidae is a family of birds in the wader suborder Lari. It contains two distinct groups, the pratincoles and the coursers. The atypical Egyptian plover (''Pluvianus aegyptius''), traditionally placed in this family, is now known to be o ...

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the

pratincole The pratincoles or greywaders are a subfamily (Glareolinae) of birds which together with the coursers make up the family Glareolidae. They have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Description Their most unusual feature for ...

s, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the

courser The coursers are a subfamily (Cursoriinae) of birds which together with the pratincoles make up the family Glareolidae. They have long legs, short wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards. Their most unusual feature for birds classed ...

s, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. *Oriental pratincole ('' Glareola maldivarum'') - U/PM - CCNR, Changi, Henderson Waves, Kranji Marsh, Marina East, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Semakau, P. Ubin, Seletar East, Tuas *Small pratincole (''

Glareola lactea The small pratincole, little pratincole, or small Indian pratincole (''Glareola lactea'') is a small wader in the pratincole family, Glareolidae. Distribution The small pratincole is a resident breeder in India, Western Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bu ...

'') - VR/PM - ''Changi, P. Punggol''

Skuas and jaegers

Order:

Family: Stercorariidae The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. *Pomarine jaeger (''

Stercorarius pomarinus The pomarine jaeger (''Stercorarius pomarinus''), pomarine skua, or pomatorhine skua, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. It is a bird migration, migrant, wintering at sea in the tropical oceans. Taxonomy The Pomarine Jaeger is most ...

'') - VR/V - Singapore Strait *Parasitic jaeger ('' Stercorarius parasiticus'') - R/WV - P. Punggol, Singapore Strait *Long-tailed jaeger ('' Stercorarius longicaudus'') - VR/V - Singapore Strait

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order:

Family:

Laridae Laridae is a family of seabirds in the order Charadriiformes that includes the gulls, terns (including white terns), noddies, and skimmers. It includes around 100 species arranged into 22 genera. They are an adaptable group of mostly aerial bird ...

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the

gull Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the subfamily Larinae. They are most closely related to terns and skimmers, distantly related to auks, and even more distantly related to waders. Until the 21st century, most gulls were placed ...

tern Terns are seabirds in the family Laridae, subfamily Sterninae, that have a worldwide distribution and are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands. Terns are treated in eleven genera in a subgroup of the family Laridae, which also ...

s, and

skimmer Skimmer may refer to: Animals *Skimmer (bird), a common name for birds in the genus ''Rynchops'' *Skimmer (dragonfly), a common name for dragonflies in the family Libellulidae *Water strider or skimmer, a common name for insects in the family Ge ...

s. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. *Black-headed gull ('' Chroicocephalus ridibundus'') - R/WV - LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait *Brown-headed gull ('' Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus'') - VR/V - Johor Strait, Kranji *Lesser black-backed gull (''

Larus fuscus The lesser black-backed gull (''Larus fuscus'') is a large gull that breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe. It is migratory, wintering from the British Isles south to West Africa. However, it has increased dramatically in North America, especi ...

'') - VR/V - Singapore Strait (2011) *Bridled tern (''

Onychoprion anaethetus The bridled tern (''Onychoprion anaethetus'')Sometimes the name is (wrongly?) spelled as ''S. anaestheta'', for instance in: is a seabird of the family Laridae. It is a bird of the tropical oceans. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The ...

'') - U/RB, C/PM - Pedra Branca, Singapore Strait *Aleutian tern (''

Onychoprion aleuticus The Aleutian tern (''Onychoprion aleuticus'') is a migratory bird living in the subarctic region of the globe most of the year. It is frequently associated with the Arctic tern, which it closely resembles. While both species have a black cap, the ...

'') - U/WV - Singapore Strait *Little tern (''

Sternula albifrons The little tern (''Sternula albifrons'') is a seabird of the family Laridae. It was first described by the German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas in 1764 and given the binomial name ''Sterna albifrons''. It was moved to the genus ''Sternula'' when ...

'') - C/RBWV - inland (nest), rivers, coasts, seas *Gull-billed tern (''

Gelochelidon nilotica The gull-billed tern (''Gelochelidon nilotica''), formerly ''Sterna nilotica'', is a tern in the family Laridae. It is widely distributed and breeds in scattered localities in Europe, Asia, northwest Africa, and the Americas. The Australian gull ...

'') - R/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Sentosa, Singapore Strait *Caspian tern ('' Hydroprogne caspia'') - R/WV - Mandai Mudflat *White-winged tern (''

Chlidonias leucopterus The white-winged tern, or white-winged black tern (''Chlidonias leucopterus'' or ''Chlidonias leucoptera''), is a species of tern in the family Laridae. It is a small species generally found in or near bodies of fresh water across much of the wor ...

'') - U/WVPM - rivers, coasts, seas *Whiskered tern (''

Chlidonias hybrida The whiskered tern (''Chlidonias hybrida'') is a tern in the family Laridae. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''khelidonios'', "swallow-like", from ''khelidon'', "swallow". The specific ''hybridus'' is Latin for ''hybrid''; Peter Simon Pall ...

'') - R/WVPM - Halus, Johor Strait, JLG, Kranji Dam, Serangoon, Singapore Strait *Roseate tern (''

Sterna dougallii The roseate tern (''Sterna dougallii'') is a species of tern in the family Laridae. The genus name ''Sterna'' is derived from Old English "stearn", "tern", and the specific ''dougallii'' refers to Scottish physician and collector Dr Peter McDoug ...

'') - VR/V - Pedra Branca *Black-naped tern ('' Sterna sumatrana'') - U/RB - Changi, Johor Strait, Pedra Branca, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait *Common tern (''

Sterna hirundo The common tern (''Sterna hirundo'') is a seabird in the family Laridae. This bird has a circumpolar distribution, its four subspecies breeding in temperate and subarctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America. It is strongly migratory, ...

'') - U/WV - Changi, Halus, Mandai Mudflat, Singapore Strait *Great crested tern (''

Thalasseus bergii The greater crested tern Retrieved 28 February 2012 (''Thalasseus bergii''), also called crested tern, swift tern, or great crested tern, is a tern in the family Laridae that nests in dense colonies on coastlines and islands in the tropical and ...

'') - C/WV - Changi, Johor Strait, Mandai Mudflat, Pedra Branca, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait *Lesser crested tern ('' Thalasseus bengalensis'') - U/WV - Changi, Johor Strait, Mandai Mudflat, Pedra Branca, P. Ubin, Punggol, Singapore Strait

Tropicbirds

Order:

Phaethontiformes The Phaethontiformes are an order of birds. They contain one extant family, the tropicbirds (Phaethontidae), and one extinct family Prophaethontidae from the early Cenozoic. Several fossil genera have been described, with well-preserved fossil ...

Family:

Phaethontidae Tropicbirds are a family, Phaethontidae, of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes. For many years they were considered part of the Pelecaniformes, but genetics indicates they are most cl ...

Tropicbird Tropicbirds are a family, Phaethontidae, of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes. For many years they were considered part of the Pelecaniformes, but genetics indicates they are most ...

s are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. *Red-billed tropicbird (''

Phaethon aethereus The red-billed tropicbird (''Phaethon aethereus'') is a tropicbird, one of three closely related species of seabird of tropical oceans. Superficially resembling a tern in appearance, it has mostly white plumage with some black markings on the wi ...

'') - VR/V - ''S. Serangoon (1986)'' *White-tailed tropicbird (''

Phaethon lepturus The white-tailed tropicbird (''Phaethon lepturus'') or yellow-billed tropicbird is a tropicbird. It is the smallest of three closely related seabirds of the tropical oceans and smallest member of the order Phaethontiformes. It is found in the tro ...

'') - VR/V - Tuas (2015)

Northern storm-petrels

Order:

Procellariiformes Procellariiformes is an order (biology), order of seabirds that comprises four family (biology), families: the albatrosses, the Procellariidae, petrels and shearwaters, and two families of storm petrels. Formerly called Tubinares and still call ...

Family:

Hydrobatidae Northern storm petrels are seabirds in the genus ''Hydrobates'' in the Family (biology), family Hydrobatidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. The family was once Lumpers and splitters, lumped with the similar austral storm petrels in the co ...

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family. *Swinhoe's storm-petrel ('' Hydrobates monorhis'') - C/PM - P. Ubin, Singapore Strait

Shearwaters and petrels

Order:

Family:

Procellariidae The family (biology), family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds that comprises the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the diving petrels, the prion (bird), prions, and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order (biology), orde ...

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. *Bulwer's petrel ('' Bulweria bulwerii'') - R/PM - Singapore Strait *Short-tailed shearwater ('' Ardenna tenuirostris'') - U/PM - Singapore Strait *Wedge-tailed shearwater (''

Ardenna pacifica The wedge-tailed shearwater (''Ardenna pacifica'') is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It is one of the shearwater species that is sometimes referred to as a muttonbird, like the sooty shearwater of New Zealand and ...

'') - VR/V - BAMKP (2021)

Storks

Order:

Ciconiiformes Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family Ciconiidae, and make up the order Ciconiiformes . Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons and ibise ...

Family: Ciconiidae Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. *Asian openbill ('' Anastomus oscitans'') - R/NBV - islandwide *Lesser adjutant (''

Leptoptilos javanicus The lesser adjutant (''Leptoptilos javanicus'') is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. Like other members of its genus, it has a bare neck and head. It is however more closely associated with wetland habitats where it is solitary ...

'') - U/RB, R/NBV - Kranji Marsh, P. Ubin, SBWR, WWC (All) *Milky stork (''

Mycteria cinerea The milky stork (''Mycteria cinerea'') is a stork species inhabiting predominantly mangroves in Southeast Asia. It is native to Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. It is currently included in the genus ''Mycteria'', is around tall, with a ...

'') - U/IRB - Admiralty Park, JLG, SBWR *Painted stork (''

Mycteria leucocephala The painted stork (''Mycteria leucocephala'') is a large wader in the stork family. It is found in the wetlands of the plains of tropical Asia south of the Himalayas in the Indian Subcontinent and extending into Southeast Asia. Their distinctive ...

'') - U/IRB - Admiralty Park, JLG, SBWR

Frigatebirds

Order:

Suliformes The order Suliformes (, dubbed "Phalacrocoraciformes" by ''Christidis & Boles 2008'') is an order of birds recognised by the International Ornithological Congress, International Ornithologist's Union. Regarding the recent evidence that the tradit ...

Family:

Fregatidae Frigatebirds are a Family (biology), family of seabirds called Fregatidae which are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. The five extant species are classified in a single genus, ''Fregata''. All have predominantly black plumage, l ...

Frigatebird Frigatebirds are a Family (biology), family of seabirds called Fregatidae which are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. The five extant species are classified in a single genus, ''Fregata''. All have predominantly black plumage, l ...

s are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. *Lesser frigatebird (''

Fregata ariel The lesser frigatebird (''Fregata ariel'') is a seabird of the frigatebird family Fregatidae. At around 75 cm (30 in) in length, it is the smallest species of frigatebird. It occurs over tropical and subtropical waters across the Indian ...

'') - VR/NBV - Pedra Branca, Singapore Strait *Christmas Island frigatebird (''

Fregata andrewsi The Christmas frigatebird (''Fregata andrewsi''), or Christmas Island frigatebird, is a seabird of the frigatebird family Fregatidae which is an endemic breeder to Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean. Apart from the Ascension frigatebird, the t ...

'') - VR/NBV - P. Ubin, Singapore Strait, SBWR

Boobies and gannets

Order:

Family:

Sulidae The bird family Sulidae comprises the gannets and boobies. Collectively called sulids, they are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish and similar prey. The 10 species in this family are often considered congeneric in older so ...

The sulids comprise the

gannet Gannets are seabirds comprising the genus ''Morus'' in the family Sulidae, closely related to boobies. They are known as 'solan' or 'solan goose' in Scotland. A common misconception is that the Scottish name is 'guga' but this is the Gaelic n ...

s and

boobies A booby is a seabird in the genus ''Sula'', part of the family Sulidae. Boobies are closely related to the gannets (''Morus''), which were formerly included in ''Sula''. Systematics and evolution The genus ''Sula'' was introduced by the Fre ...

. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. *Brown booby (''

Sula leucogaster The brown booby (''Sula leucogaster'') is a large seabird of the booby family Sulidae, of which it is perhaps the most common and widespread species. It has a pantropical range, which overlaps with that of other booby species. The gregarious brow ...

'') - VR/V - Pedra Branca, SBWR, Singapore Strait *Red-footed booby ('' Sula sula'') - VR/V - CCKC, Henderson Waves, Singapore Strait, St. John Is., Marina East (carcass)

Anhingas

Order:

Family: Anhingidae Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. *Oriental darter (''

Anhinga melanogaster The Oriental darter (''Anhinga melanogaster'') is a water bird of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. It has a long and slender neck with a straight, pointed bill and, like the cormorant, it hunts for fish while its body is submerged in water ...

'') - R/NBV - Bt. Gombak, Hindhede Quarry, P. Ubin, Singapore Quarry, SBWR

Cormorants and shags

Order:

Family:

Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags. Several different classifications of the family have been proposed, but in 2021 the International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) ado ...

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful. *Great cormorant (''

Phalacrocorax carbo The great cormorant (''Phalacrocorax carbo''), also known as just cormorant in Britain, as black shag or kawau in New Zealand, formerly also known as the great black cormorant across the Northern Hemisphere, the black cormorant in Australia, and ...

'') - U/F - Changi, JLG, Johor Strait, Kranji Dam, Mandai Mudflat, Tuas

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order:

Pelecaniformes The Pelecaniformes are an order of medium-sized and large waterbirds found worldwide. As traditionally (but erroneously) defined, they encompass all birds that have feet with all four toes webbed. Hence, they were formerly also known by such ...

Family:

Ardeidae Herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 75 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genus '' Botaurus'' are referred to as ...

The family Ardeidae contains the

bittern Bitterns are birds belonging to the subfamily Botaurinae of the heron family Ardeidae. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more secretive than other members of the family. They were called ''hæferblæte'' and various iterations of ''rared ...

heron Herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 75 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genus ''Botaurus'' are referred to as bi ...

s and

egret Egrets ( ) are herons, generally long-legged wading birds, that have white or buff plumage, developing fine plumes (usually milky white) during the breeding season. Egrets are not a biologically distinct group from herons and have the same build ...

s. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. *Yellow bittern ('' Ixobrychus sinensis'') - C/RB+WV - reeds *Schrenck's bittern ('' Ixobrychus eurhythmus'') - R/WV - CCNR, Changi, Halus, JLG, Jurong West, PRP, Punggol, Sengkang, SBG, SBTB, SBWR, Tuas, Venus Drive *Cinnamon bittern ('' Ixobrychus cinnamomeus'') - U/RB+WV - Bidadari, CCKC, Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Tuas, ''Jurong West, P. Punggol, Seletar West'' *Black bittern (''

Ixobrychus flavicollis The black bittern (''Botaurus flavicollis'') is a bittern of Old World origin, breeding in tropical Asia from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka east to China, Indonesia, and Australia. It is mainly resident, but some northern birds migrat ...

'') - U/WV - BAMKP, CCNR, DFNP, Hindhede Quarry, JEG, JLG, Halus, PRP, P. Ubin, SBG, SBTB, SBWR, Tuas *Grey heron ('' Ardea cinerea'') - C/RB - waterbodies *Great-billed heron ('' Ardea sumatrana'') - U/RB - Changi, Coney Is., Jurong Is., JLG, LNR, LSD, KRP, WWC (Poyan), P. Hantu, P. Jong, P. Punggol, P. Semakau, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Sentosa, SBWR, WCP, Tuas *Purple heron (''

Ardea purpurea The purple heron (''Ardea purpurea'') is a wide-ranging heron species. It breeds in Africa, central and southern Europe, and southern and eastern Palearctic. The Western Palearctic populations migrate between breeding and wintering habitats whe ...

'') - C/RB - grassfields, waterbodies *Great egret ('' Ardea alba'') - C/WV - waterbodies *Medium egret ('' Ardea intermedia'') - C/WV - grassfields, waterbodies *Chinese egret ('' Egretta eulophotes'') - R/WV - Changi, PRP, P. Ubin, SBWR, ''S. Serangoon'' *Little egret ('' Egretta garzetta'') - C/WV - waterbodies *Pacific reef-heron ('' Egretta sacra'') - U/R - Changi, LSD, Marina East, P. Hantu, P. Semakau, P. Ubin, PRP, Siglap Canal, SBWR, WCP, ''S. Punggol, S. Serangoon'' *Eastern cattle egret ('' Bubulcus coromandus'') - C/WV - grassfields *Indian pond-heron ('' Ardeola grayii'') - VR/V - Bidadari, Dover Road, Holland Plain, Jurong Lake, Pasir Ris Farmway, Punggol, S. Bedok *Chinese pond-heron (''

Ardeola bacchus The Chinese pond heron (''Ardeola bacchus'') is an East Asian freshwater bird of the heron family (biology), family, (Ardeidae). It is one of six species of birds known as "pond herons" (genus ''Ardeola''). It is parapatric (or nearly so) with th ...

'') - C/WV - Changi, Halus, JLG, LNR, WWC (Poyan), SBWR, ''Marina South'' *Javan pond-heron (''

Ardeola speciosa The Javan pond heron (''Ardeola speciosa'') is a wading bird of the heron family, found in shallow fresh and salt-water wetlands in Southeast Asia. Its diet comprises insects, fish, and crabs. The Javan pond heron is typically 45 cm long wi ...

'') - U/WV - BAMKP, Marina East, Pasir Ris Farmway, SBWR, ''S. Serangoon'' *Striated heron ('' Butorides striata'') - C/RBWV - waterbodies *Black-crowned night-heron (''

Nycticorax nycticorax The black-crowned night heron (''Nycticorax nycticorax'') r black-capped night heron commonly shortened to just night heron in Eurasia, is a medium-sized heron found throughout a large part of the world, including parts of Europe, Asia, and Nort ...

'') - U/RB - waterbodies *Malayan night-heron (''

Gorsachius melanolophus The Malayan night heron (''Gorsachius melanolophus''), also known as Malaysian night heron and tiger bittern, is a medium-sized heron. It is distributed in southern and eastern Asia. Distribution and habitat The Malayan night heron has been f ...

'') - R/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Halus, JLG, NTL, SBG, Tuas

Ibises and spoonbills

Order:

Family:

Threskiornithidae The family Threskiornithidae includes 36 species of large wading birds. The family has been traditionally classified into two subfamilies, the ibises and the spoonbills; however, recent genetic studies have cast doubt on this arrangement, and ha ...

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the

ibis The ibis () (collective plural ibises; classical plurals ibides and ibes) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae that inhabit wetlands, forests and plains. "Ibis" derives from the Latin and Ancient Greek word f ...

es and

spoonbill Spoonbills are a genus, ''Platalea'', of large, long-legged wading birds. The spoonbills have a global distribution, being found on every continent except Antarctica. The genus name ''Platalea'' derives from Ancient Greek and means "broad", refe ...

s. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. *Glossy ibis (''

Plegadis falcinellus The glossy ibis (''Plegadis falcinellus'') is a water bird in the order Pelecaniformes and the ibis and spoonbill family Threskiornithidae. The scientific name derives from Ancient Greek ''plegados'' and Latin, ''falcis'', both meaning "sickle" a ...

'') - VR/V - Halus, Kranji Dam, Sime Road, SBWR *Black-headed ibis ('' Threskiornis melanocephalus'') - VR/V - SBWR (2022)

Osprey

Order:

Accipitriformes The Accipitriformes (; ) are an order of birds that includes most of the diurnal birds of prey, including hawks, eagles, vultures, and kites, but not falcons. For a long time, the majority view was to include them with the falcons in the Falc ...

Family:

Pandionidae ''Pandion'' is a genus of fish-eating bird of prey, known as ospreys, the only genus of family Pandionidae. Most taxonomic treatments have regarded this genus as containing a single living species, separated into subspecies and found worldwide n ...

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large

raptor Raptor(s) or RAPTOR may refer to: Animals The word "raptor" refers to several groups of avian and non-avian dinosaurs which primarily capture and subdue/kill prey with their talons. * Raptor (bird) or bird of prey, a bird that primarily hunt ...

which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution. *Osprey (''

Pandion haliaetus The osprey (; ''Pandion haliaetus''), historically known as sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a Diurnality, diurnal, piscivore, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor (bird), raptor, reaching more than ...

'') - U/NBV - Changi, DFNP, Halus, Henderson Waves, Kranji, Mandai Mudflat, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, Sembawang Park, S. Punggol, S. Serangoon

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order:

Family:

Accipitridae The Accipitridae () is one of the four families within the order Accipitriformes, and is a family of small to large birds of prey with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet. They feed on a range of prey items from insects ...

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes

hawk Hawks are birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. They are very widely distributed and are found on all continents, except Antarctica. The subfamily Accipitrinae includes goshawks, sparrowhawks, sharp-shinned hawks, and others. This ...

eagle Eagle is the common name for the golden eagle, bald eagle, and other birds of prey in the family of the Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of Genus, genera, some of which are closely related. True eagles comprise the genus ''Aquila ( ...

kites A kite is a tethered heavier than air flight, heavier-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create Lift (force), lift and Drag (physics), drag forces. A kite consists of wings, tethers and anchors. Kites often have ...

, harriers and

Old World vulture Old World vultures are vultures that are found in the Old World, i.e. the continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, and which belong to the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, buzzards, kites, and hawks. Old World vultures are not ...

s. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. *Black-winged kite (''

Elanus caeruleus The black-winged kite (''Elanus caeruleus''), also known as the black-shouldered kite (not to be confused with the closely-related Australian species of the same name), is a small Diurnality, diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae best k ...

'') - C/RB - grasslands *Oriental honey-buzzard ('' Pernis ptilorhynchus'') - orientalis: C/WVPM, torquatus: U/NBV *Jerdon's baza (''

Aviceda jerdoni Jerdon's baza (''Aviceda jerdoni'') is a moderate sized brown hawk with a thin white-tipped black crest usually held erect. It is found in South-east Asia. It inhabits foothills in the terai and is rarer in evergreen forests and tea estates.Rasm ...

'') - U/WVPM - AMK TGW, Bidadari, BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Changi, Clementi, DFNP, Halus, JLG, PRP, WWC (Poyan), Springleaf, TEG, ''Marina South'' *Black baza ('' Aviceda leuphotes'') - C/WVPM - islandwide *Cinereous vulture (''

Aegypius monachus The cinereous vulture (''Aegypius monachus''), also known as the black vulture, Eurasian black vulture, and monk vulture, is a very large raptor in the family Accipitridae distributed through much of temperate Eurasia. With a body length of , a ...

'') - VR/V - SBG (2021) *Himalayan griffon ('' Gyps himalayensis'') - R/V - AMK, BBNP, BTNR, Central Business District, Changi, HNP, Orchard Road, SBG, Toa Payoh, Tuas *Crested serpent-eagle (''

Spilornis cheela The crested serpent eagle (''Spilornis cheela'') is a medium-sized bird of prey that is found in forested habitats across tropical Asia. Within its widespread range across the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and East Asia, there are considera ...

'') - R/RB - BTNR, CCNR, Goldhill Avenue, JLG, Malcolm Park, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Sembawang Park, SBG, Springleaf, SBWR *Short-toed snake-eagle ('' Circaetus gallicus'') - V - CCNR, Changi, JLG, Halus, NTL, SBWR, Southern Ridges, Tuas *Bat hawk ('' Macheiramphus alcinus'') - VR/NBV - Kranji, MacRitchie, MFP *Changeable hawk-eagle (''

Nisaetus cirrhatus The changeable hawk-eagle ''(Nisaetus cirrhatus)'' or crested hawk-eagle is a large bird of prey species of the family Accipitridae. More informal or antiquated English common names include the marsh hawk-eagle or Indian crested hawk-eagle.Ferguso ...

'') - U/RB - forests, woodlands *Rufous-bellied eagle ('' Hieraaetus kienerii'') - R/WVPM - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, Pang Sua, SBG, SBWR, Swiss Club Road *Greater spotted eagle (''

Clanga clanga The greater spotted eagle (''Clanga clanga''), also called the spotted eagle, is a large migratory bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is a member of the subfamily Aquilinae, commonly known as "booted eagles".Helbig, A. J., Kocum, A., ...

'') - VR/WV - Changi, Henderson Waves, WWC (Murai, Sungei Gedong), NTL, P. Punggol, SBG, Tuas *Booted eagle ('' Hieraaetus pennatus'') - U/WV - Bidadari, Bt. Panjang, CCKC, CCNR, Changi, WWC (Poyan), Punggol, P. Punggol, Tuas *Steppe eagle ('' Aquila nipalensis'') - VR/V - Changi, Pasir Ris, Halus, Tuas, ''Punggol, S. Serangoon'' *Eastern imperial eagle ('' Aquila heliaca'') - VR/V - Changi, P. Ubin (2016-7), ''Punggol'' *Grey-faced buzzard (''

Butastur indicus The grey-faced buzzard (''Butastur indicus'') is an Asian bird of prey. It is typically in length, making it a small-sized raptor. It breeds in Manchuria, Korea and Japan; it winters in South-east Asia. It is a bird of open land. It eats liza ...

'') - U/WV - BBNP, CCNR, Changi, Henderson Waves, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas *Eastern marsh-harrier ('' Circus spilonotus'') - U/WV - Changi, Henderson Waves, NTL, WWC (Poyan), P. Semakau, Sengkang, SBWR, Tuas *Hen harrier (''

Circus cyaneus The hen harrier (''Circus cyaneus'') is a bird of prey. It breeds in Eurasia. The term "hen harrier" refers to its former habit of preying on free-ranging fowl. It migrates to more southerly areas in winter. Eurasian birds move to southern Euro ...

'') - VR/WV - ''Halus, WWC (Poyan)'' *Pied harrier ('' Circus melanoleucos'') - R/WV - Changi, NTL, P. Punggol, SBWR, TBHP, Tuas *Crested goshawk ('' Accipiter trivirgatus'') - U/RB - AMK TGW, BAMKP, Bedok, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Goldhill Ave, JLG, Kranji Dam, NTL, PRP, Punggol, P. Ubin, SBG, SBTB, Sembawang Park, Sentosa, Southern Ridges, Zoo *Shikra ('' Accipiter badius'') - VR/V - CCNR (2019), Changi (2012) *Chinese sparrowhawk ('' Accipiter soloensis'') - U/WVPM - AMK TGW, CCNR, Changi, Coney Is., JLG, LSD, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Southern Ridges, Tuas, WCP *Japanese sparrowhawk ('' Accipiter gularis'') - C/WVPM - islandwide *Besra ('' Accipiter virgatus'') - R/PM - CCNR, Changi, Singapore Quarry, Southern Ridges, Tuas *Eurasian sparrowhawk (''

Accipiter nisus The Eurasian sparrowhawk (''Accipiter nisus''), also known as the northern sparrowhawk or simply the sparrowhawk, is a small bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. Adult male Eurasian sparrowhawks have bluish grey upperparts and orange-barred ...

'') - VR/V - Henderson Waves (2016, 2017), Pasir Panjang (2022), TBHP (2018), Tuas (2010) *Black kite (''

Milvus migrans The black kite (''Milvus migrans'') is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors. It is thought to be the world's most abundant species of Accipitridae, although some populations have ...

'') - U/WV - BBNP, CCNR, Changi, Jurong West, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Seletar Camp, SBWR, Southern Ridges, Tuas, ''Marina South'' *Brahminy kite (''

Haliastur indus The brahminy kite (''Haliastur indus''), also known as the red-backed sea-eagle in Australia, is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards, and harriers, all ...

'') - C/RB - islandwide *White-bellied sea-eagle (''

Haliaeetus leucogaster The white-bellied sea eagle (''Icthyophaga leucogaster''), also known as the white-breasted sea eagle, is a large diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. Originally described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788, it is closely related ...

'') - C/RB - islandwide near water *Grey-headed fish-eagle ('' Icthyophaga ichthyaetus'') - U/RB - CCNR, Changi, JLG, Little Guilin, LSR, NTL, WWC (Poyan), Seletar Camp, SBG, Springleaf, SBWR, Southern Ridges, Tampines *Common buzzard (''

Buteo buteo The common buzzard (''Buteo buteo'') is a medium-to-large bird of prey which has a large range. It is a member of the genus ''Buteo'' in the family Accipitridae. The species lives in most of Europe and extends its breeding range across much of th ...

'') - U/WV *Himalayan buzzard ('' Buteo refectus'') - R/WV *Eastern buzzard ('' Buteo japonicus'') - U/WV *Long-legged buzzard (''

Buteo rufinus The long-legged buzzard (''Buteo rufinus'') is a bird of prey found widely in several parts of Eurasia and in North Africa. This species ranges from Southeastern Europe down to East Africa to the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The long ...

'') - VR/V

Barn owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily:

Tytonidae The bird family Tytonidae, which includes the barn owls ''Tyto'' and the bay owls ''Phodilus'', is one of the two Family (biology), families of owls, the other being the true owls or typical owls, True owl, Strigidae. They are medium to large owl ...

Barn owl The barn owls, owls in the genus '' Tyto'', are the most widely distributed genus of owls in the world. They are medium-sized owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long, strong legs with powerful talons. The ter ...

s are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. *Eastern barn owl ('' Tyto javanica'') - U/RB - Changi, Halus, Istana, JLG, Kranji Dam, Marina Barrage, Sentosa, Tanjong Rhu, Toa Payoh, Tuas

Typical owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily:

Strigidae The true owls or typical owls (family (biology), family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls and bay owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species ...

The

typical owl The true owls or typical owls (family (biology), family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls and bay owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species ...

s are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. *Sunda scops-owl ('' Otus lempiji'') - C/RB - Alexandra Hill, BBC, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, HNP, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, Sentosa *Oriental scops-owl (''

Otus sunia The oriental scops owl (''Otus sunia'') is a species of scops owl found in eastern and southern Asia. Description This is a small, variably plumaged, yellow-eyed owl with ear-tufts which are not always erect. It can be distinguished from the co ...

'') - R/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCKP, CCNR, DFNP, Fort Canning, Kent Road, KRP, Mimosa Walk, MFP, P. Ubin, Seletar Country Club, SBWR *Barred eagle-owl ('' Ketupa sumatrana'') - R/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin *Buffy fish-owl ('' Ketupa ketupu'') - U/RB - CCNR, JEG, NTL, WWC (Poyan), P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa *Spotted wood-owl ('' Strix seloputo'') - U/RB - Bidadari, Chinatown, City, Dover Road, JLG, PRP, P. Ubin, WWC (Poyan), St. John Is., Sentosa, SBG, TBHP, Toa Payoh *Brown wood-owl (''

Strix leptogrammica The brown wood owl (''Strix leptogrammica'') is found in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Taiwan, and south China. The brown wood owl is a resident breeder in south Asia. This species is a part of the family (biology), family of owls know ...

'') - VR/RB - CCNR, P. Ubin *Long-eared owl (''

Asio otus The long-eared owl (''Asio otus''), also known as the northern long-eared owlOlsen, P.D. & Marks, J.S. (2019). ''Northern Long-eared Owl (Asio otus)''. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook o ...

'') - VR/V - Marina East (2021) *Short-eared owl (''

Asio flammeus The short-eared owl (''Asio flammeus'') is a widespread grassland species in the family Strigidae. Owls belonging to genus ''Asio'' are known as the eared owls, as they have tufts of feathers resembling mammalian ears. These "ear" tufts may or ...

'') - VR/V - ''Changi, Marina East'' *Brown boobook (''

Ninox scutulata The brown boobook (''Ninox scutulata''), also known as the brown hawk-owl, is an owl which is a resident breeder in south Asia from India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Nepal east to western Indonesia and south China. This species is a part o ...

'') - C/RBWV - BTNR, CCNR, HNP, JLG, P. Ubin, Sentosa *Northern boobook ('' Ninox japonica'') - R/PMWV - DFNP, PRP, SBTB, SBWR, Tuas

Hornbills

Order:

Bucerotiformes Bucerotiformes is an order of birds that contains the hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes and wood hoopoes. These birds were previously classified as members of Coraciiformes. The clade is distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe and Melanesia ...

Family:

Bucerotidae Hornbills are birds found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia of the family Bucerotidae. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a horny casque on the upper ...

Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured. *Black hornbill (''

Anthracoceros malayanus The black hornbill (''Anthracoceros malayanus'') is a species of bird of the hornbill family Bucerotidae. It lives in Asia in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand. The species has a selectiveness towards the environment a ...

'') - VR/NBV - P. Ubin *Oriental pied hornbill (''

Anthracoceros albirostris The oriental pied hornbill (''Anthracoceros albirostris'') is an Indo-Malayan pied hornbill, a large canopy-dwelling bird belonging to the family Bucerotidae. Two other common names for this species are Sunda pied hornbill (''convexus'') and Mala ...

'') - C/IRB+RB - BAMKP, Bidadari, CCNR, Changi Village, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, ''St. John Is.''

Kingfishers

Order:

Coraciiformes The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies. They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their b ...

Family: Alcedinidae Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. *Common kingfisher (''

Alcedo atthis The common kingfisher (''Alcedo atthis''), also known as the Eurasian kingfisher and river kingfisher, is a small kingfisher with seven subspecies recognized within its wide distribution across Eurasia and North Africa. It is resident in much of ...

'') - C/WV - water edges *Blue-eared kingfisher ('' Alcedo meninting'') - R/RB - BBNP, CCNR, HNP, NTL, WWC (Poyan), P. Ubin, SBTB, SBWR *Black-backed dwarf-kingfisher (''

Ceyx erithaca The black-backed dwarf kingfisher (''Ceyx erithaca''), also known as the three-toed kingfisher, is a pocket-sized bird in the Family (biology), family Alcedinidae. It was formerly considered as conspecific with the rufous-backed dwarf kingfish ...

'') - R/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, SBWR, Tuas *Rufous-backed dwarf-kingfisher ('' Ceyx rufidorsa'') - VR/NBV - KRP, Peninsula Plaza, P. Tekong, WWC (Poyan) *Stork-billed kingfisher (''

Pelargopsis capensis The stork-billed kingfisher (''Pelargopsis capensis''), is a tree kingfisher which is widely but sparsely distributed in the tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, from India to Indonesia. These kingfishers are large and have a heavy bi ...

'') - U/RB - water edges *Ruddy kingfisher ('' Halcyon coromanda'') - R/RBWV - RB: P. Tekong. WV: Bidadari, CBP, CCNR, City, DFNP, Fort Canning, JLG, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR, Venus Drive *White-throated kingfisher (''

Halcyon smyrnensis The white-throated kingfisher (''Halcyon smyrnensis'') also known as the white-breasted kingfisher is a tree kingfisher, widely distributed in Asia from the Sinai east through the Indian subcontinent to China and Indonesia. This kingfisher is a ...

'') - C/RB - water edges *Black-capped kingfisher ('' Halcyon pileata'') - U/WV - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Halus, JLG, LSD, NTL, PRP, SBWR, S. Serangoon, Tuas *Collared kingfisher ('' Todiramphus chloris'') - VC/RB - water edges

Bee-eaters

Order:

Family:

Meropidae The bee-eaters are a group of birds in the family Meropidae, containing three genera and thirty-one species. Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in southern Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly co ...

The bee-eaters are a group of

near passerine Near passerines and higher land-bird assemblage are terms of traditional, pre-cladistic taxonomy that have often been given to tree-dwelling birds or those most often believed to be related to the true passerines (order Passeriformes) owing to mor ...

birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. *Blue-throated bee-eater (''

Merops viridis The blue-throated bee-eater (''Merops viridis'') is a species of bird in the bee-eater family. They are found throughout southeast Asia in subtropical or tropical mangrove forests. Their diet consists mostly of bees, wasps, and dragonflies. Blue- ...

'') - C/MB - islandwide (including offshore islands) *Blue-tailed bee-eater (''

Merops philippinus The blue-tailed bee-eater (''Merops philippinus'') is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family (biology), family Meropidae. It is widely distributed across South Asia, South and Southeast Asia where many populations are strongly bird migrati ...

'') - C/WV - islandwide (including offshore islands)

Rollers

Order:

Family:

Coraciidae Coraciidae () is a family of Old World birds, which are known as rollers because of the aerial acrobatics some of these birds perform during courtship or territorial flights. The family contains 13 species and is divided into two genera. Rollers ...

Rollers resemble

crow A crow is a bird of the genus ''Corvus'', or more broadly, a synonym for all of ''Corvus''. The word "crow" is used as part of the common name of many species. The related term "raven" is not linked scientifically to any certain trait but is rathe ...

s in size and build, but are more closely related to the

kingfisher Kingfishers are a family, the Alcedinidae, of small to medium-sized, brightly coloured birds in the order Coraciiformes. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species living in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Oceania, ...

s and

bee-eater The bee-eaters are a group of birds in the family (biology), family Meropidae, containing three genera and thirty-one species. Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in southern Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characte ...

s. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. *Dollarbird (''

Eurystomus orientalis The Oriental dollarbird (''Eurystomus orientalis'') is a bird of the roller family, so named because of the distinctive pale blue or white, coin-shaped spots on its wings. It can be found from Australia to Korea, Japan and India. Taxonomy The O ...

'') - C/RB+WV - woodlands

Asian barbets

Order:

Piciformes Nine families of largely arboreal birds make up the order Piciformes (), the best-known of them being the Picidae, which includes the woodpeckers and close relatives. The Piciformes contain about 71 living genera with a little over 450 species, ...

Family:

Megalaimidae Megalaimidae, the Asian barbets, are a family of birds, comprising two genera with 35 species native to the forests of the Indomalayan realm from Tibet to Indonesia. They were once clubbed with all barbets in the family Capitonidae but the Old Wo ...

The Asian barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured. *Coppersmith barbet (''

Psilopogon haemacephalus The coppersmith barbet (''Psilopogon haemacephalus''), also called crimson-breasted barbet and coppersmith, is an Megalaimidae, Asian barbet with crimson forehead and throat, known for its metronome, metronomic call that sounds similar to a coppe ...

'') - C/RB - woodlands *Red-crowned barbet ('' Psilopogon rafflesii'') - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, WWC (Poyan) *Lineated barbet (''

Psilopogon lineatus The lineated barbet (''Psilopogon lineatus'') is an Asian barbet native to the Terai, the Brahmaputra basin to Southeast Asia. It is a frugivore and nests in holes of tree trunks. References External links * lineated barbet Birds of Indi ...

'') - C/IRB - woodlands

Woodpeckers

Order:

Family:

Picidae Woodpeckers are part of the bird family Picidae, which also includes the piculets, wrynecks and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar and the extreme polar regions. ...

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. *Sunda pygmy woodpecker ('' Yungipicus moluccensis'') - VC/RB - parks *Rufous woodpecker ('' Micropternus brachyurus'') - U/RB - woodlands *Buff-rumped woodpecker ('' Meiglyptes tristis'') - VR/NBV - Bidadari, CCNR, P. Ubin *Common flameback ('' Dinopium javanense'') - C/RB - woodlands *Greater flameback ('' Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus'') - VR/NBV - P. Ubin (2024) *Crimson-winged woodpecker ('' Picus puniceus'') - VR/NBV - BTNR *Laced woodpecker ('' Picus vittatus'') - C/RB - woodlands *Banded woodpecker ('' Chrysophlegma miniaceum'') - C/RB - forests *Great slaty woodpecker (''

Mulleripicus pulverulentus The great slaty woodpecker (''Mulleripicus pulverulentus'') is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found across the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. A unique and basically unmistakable bird, it is the largest known species of wo ...

'') - VR/NBV - BTNR, CCNR, SBG, Ulu Sembawang *White-bellied woodpecker ('' Dryocopus javensis'') - Ex/R - ''CCNR''

Falcons and caracaras

Order:

Falconiformes The order Falconiformes () is represented by the extant family Falconidae, Falconidae (falcons and caracaras) and a handful of enigmatic Paleogene species. Traditionally, the other bird of prey families New World vulture, Cathartidae (New World v ...

Family:

Falconidae The falcons and caracaras are around 65 species of Diurnality, diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae (representing all extant species in the order (biology), order Falconiformes). The family likely originated in South America d ...

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. *Black-thighed falconet ('' Microhierax fringillarius'') - VR/NBV - Goldhill Avenue, Jalan Mashhor, Punggol, Yishun, ''CCNR, Sembawang''. *Lesser kestrel ('' Falco naumanni'') - VR/WV - Changi (2001, 2010), Simei (2001) *Eurasian kestrel (''

Falco tinnunculus The common kestrel (''Falco tinnunculus''), also known as the European kestrel, Eurasian kestrel or Old World kestrel, is a species of predatory bird belonging to the kestrel group of the falcon family Falconidae. In the United Kingdom, where n ...

'') - R/WV - Bt. Batok West, Changi, CCKC, JLG, Kranji, KRP, P. Punggol, Tuas, ''Jurong West'' *Amur falcon (''

Falco amurensis The Amur falcon (''Falco amurensis'') is a small raptor of the falcon family. It breeds in south-eastern Siberia and Northern China before migrating in large flocks across India and over the Arabian Sea to winter in Southern and East African coas ...

'') - VR/V - Changi (2007), Halus (2021), LSD (2016), Tanah Merah Coast Road (2017) *Eurasian hobby (''

Falco subbuteo The Eurasian hobby (''Falco subbuteo'') or just hobby, is a small, slim falcon. It belongs to a group of similar falcons often considered a subgenus '' Hypotriorchis''. Taxonomy and systematics The first formal description of the Eurasian hobby ...

'') - VR/V - Henderson Waves (2020) *Peregrine falcon (''

Falco peregrinus The peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus''), also known simply as the peregrine, is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan bird of prey (raptor) in the family (biology), family Falconidae renowned for its speed. A large, Corvus (genus), cro ...

'') - U/WV, R/RB - islandwide including Raffles Place & Orchard Rd

Cockatoos

Order: PsittaciformesFamily:

Cacatuidae A cockatoo is any of the 21 species of parrots belonging to the family Cacatuidae, the only family in the superfamily Cacatuoidea. Along with the Psittacoidea ( true parrots) and the Strigopoidea (large New Zealand parrots), they make up t ...

The cockatoos share many features with other parrots including the characteristic curved beak shape and a

zygodactyl In biology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of a tetrapod animal. The term is derived from the Greek word () meaning "finger." Sometimes the suffix "-dactylia" is used. The derive ...

foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the often spectacular movable headcrest. *Tanimbar corella ('' Cacatua goffiniana'') - C/IRB - Bidadari, BBNP, Changi Village, LNR, Malcolm Park, MFP, PRP SBG, Sembawang Park, Sentosa, Springleaf *Yellow-crested cockatoo ('' Cacatua sulphurea'') - U/IRB - Bidadari, BAMKP, Changi Village, Clementi, Dover Road, LNR, Malcolm Park, St. John Is., Sentosa, SBG, Southern Ridges *Sulphur-crested cockatoo (''

Cacatua galerita The sulphur-crested cockatoo (''Cacatua galerita'') is a relatively large white cockatoo found in wooded habitats in Australia, New Guinea, and some of the islands of Indonesia. They can be locally very numerous, leading to them sometimes being ...

'') - U/IR - Loyang, Sentosa, SBG, Southern Ridges

Old world parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily:

Psittaculidae Psittaculidae is a family of parrots, commonly known as Old World parrots, though this term is a misnomer, as not all its members occur in the Old World and Psittacinae also occurs in the Old World. It consists of six subfamilies: Psittricha ...

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed

feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand. *Blue-rumped parrot (''

Psittinus cyanurus The blue-rumped parrot (''Psittinus cyanurus'') is a parrot found in the very southern tip of Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra and nearby islands. It is a small parrot (18 cm) and is primarily green with bright red und ...

'') - U/RB - Bt. Batok West, CCNR *Rose-ringed parakeet (''

Psittacula krameri The rose-ringed parakeet (''Psittacula krameri''), also known as the ring-necked parakeet, ringneck parrot (in aviculture) or the Kramer parrot, is a medium-sized parrot in the genus '' Psittacula'', of the family Psittacidae. It has disjunct na ...

'') - C/IRB - woodlands *Red-breasted parakeet (''

Psittacula alexandri The red-breasted parakeet (''Psittacula alexandri'') is a parrot native to Southeast Asia. It is among the more widespread species of the genus and is the species which has the most geographical variations. It is easily identified by the large re ...

'') - C/IRB - woodlands *Long-tailed parakeet ('' Psittacula longicauda'') - C/RB - woodlands *Coconut lorikeet (''

Trichoglossus haematodus The coconut lorikeet (''Trichoglossus haematodus''), also known as the green-naped lorikeet, is a parrot in the family Psittaculidae. Seven species of lorikeets now recognised were once lumped together under ''Trichoglossus haematodus''. Taxonom ...

'') - U/IRB - BAMKP, BBC, Bidadari, BTNR, Buona Vista, CCNR, Goldhill Ave, JLG, SBG, Sentosa *Blue-crowned hanging-parrot (''

Loriculus galgulus The blue-crowned hanging parrot (''Loriculus galgulus'') is a parrot species endemic to southern Burma and Thailand, Malaya, Singapore, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo). These parrots are in height and weight g and have a longevity of 14 y ...

'') - C/RB - BAMKP, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, KRP, Malcolm Park, MFP, SBG

African and green broadbills

Order:

Passeriformes A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines generally have an anisodactyl arrangement of their ...

Family:

Calyptomenidae Calyptomenidae is a family of passerine birds found in Africa, the Malay Peninsula and Borneo. There are six species in two genera. The species in this family were formerly included in the broadbill family Eurylaimidae The Eurylaimidae are a ...

The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests. *Green broadbill (''

Calyptomena viridis The green broadbill (''Calyptomena viridis'') also known as the lesser green broadbill is a small bird in the family Calyptomenidae. It was formerly classified in the family Eurylaimidae, a group of closely related birds that share the name "bro ...

'') - VR/NBV - East Coast Park (2014), P. Ubin (2014, 2021)

Asian and Grauer’s broadbills

Order:

Family:

Eurylaimidae The Eurylaimidae are a family of suboscine passerine birds that occur from the eastern Himalayas to Indonesia and the Philippines. The family previously included the sapayoa from the Neotropics, the asity, asities from Madagascar, and the Calyp ...

Pittas

Order:

Family: Pittidae Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates. *Blue-winged pitta (''

Pitta moluccensis The blue-winged pitta (''Pitta moluccensis'') is a passerine bird in the family Pittidae. It forms a superspecies with three other pittas, the Indian pitta (''P. brachyura''), the fairy pitta (''P. nympha'') and the mangrove pitta (''P. megarhy ...

'') - U/WVPM+R/RB - WVPM: Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, Bt. Batok West, CCNR, Hougang, Jurong Is., JLG, NTL, PRP, WWC (Poyan), Punggol Park, SBG, Sembawang Park, Tuas, WCP, ''Kranji Nature Trail''. RB: P. Ubin (2016) *Fairy pitta ('' Pitta nympha'') - VR/V - CCNR (2019), HNP (2021) *Western hooded pitta ('' Pitta sordida'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, HNP, JLG, SBG, Tampines, WCP *Mangrove pitta ('' Pitta megarhyncha'') - R/RB - PRP, P. Ubin, P. Tekong, SBG, SBWR

Thornbills and allies

Order:

Family:

Acanthizidae Acanthizidae—sometimes called Australian warblers—are a family of passerine birds which includes gerygones, thornbills '' Acanthiza'', and scrubwrens '' Sericornis''. The family Acanthizidae consists of small to medium passerine birds, with ...

Thornbills are small passerine birds, similar in habits to the tits. *Golden-bellied gerygone (''

Gerygone sulphurea The golden-bellied gerygone (''Gerygone sulphurea'') is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical ...

'') - C/RB - woodlands

Cuckooshrikes

Order:

Family: Campephagidae The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured. *Scarlet minivet ('' Pericrocotus flammeus'') - ''Ex/R'' + VR/R - BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin *Ashy minivet (''

Pericrocotus divaricatus The ashy minivet (''Pericrocotus divaricatus'') is a passerine bird of eastern Asia belonging to the minivet genus ''Pericrocotus'' in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. While most of the minivets have shades of yellow, orange and red in their ...

'') - C/WV - woodlands *Pied triller ('' Lalage nigra'') - VC/RB - woodlands *Lesser cuckooshrike ('' Coracina fimbriata'') - ''Ex/R'' - BTNR

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order:

Family:

Vireonidae The vireos make up a family (biology), family, Vireonidae, of small to medium-sized passerine birds found in the New World (Canada to Argentina, including Bermuda and the West Indies) and Southeast Asia. The family contains 62 species and is d ...

The family Vireonidae includes the vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis. *White-bellied erpornis ('' Erpornis zantholeuca'') - VR/NBV - BTNR (2020)

Whistlers and allies

Order:

Family:

Pachycephalidae The Pachycephalidae are a family of bird species that includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and three of the pitohuis, and is part of the ancient Australo-Papuan radiation of songbirds. The family includes 69 species that are separated into fi ...

The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and some of the pitohuis. *Mangrove whistler ('' Pachycephala grisola'') - R/RB - Changi, JEG, LNR, P. Hantu, P. Semakau, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR

Old World orioles

Order:

Family: Oriolidae The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. *Black-naped oriole (''

Oriolus chinensis The black-naped oriole (''Oriolus chinensis'') is a passerine bird in the oriole family that is found in many parts of Asia. There are several distinctive populations within the wide distribution range of this species and in the past the slende ...

'') - C/RB + R/WV - parks, woodlands, mangroves

Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies

Order:

Family:

Vangidae The family Vangidae (from ''vanga'', Malagasy language, Malagasy for the hook-billed vanga, ''Vanga curvirostris'') comprises a group of often shrike-like medium-sized birds distributed from Asia to Africa, including the vangas of Madagascar to ...

The family Vangidae is highly variable, though most members of it resemble true shrikes to some degree. *Large woodshrike ('' Tephrodornis gularis'') - VR/NBV - CCNR (2018), P. Ubin (2022) *Black-winged flycatcher-shrike ('' Hemipus hirundinaceus'') - VR/NBV - CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin

Ioras

Order:

Family: Aegithinidae The ioras are

bulbul The bulbuls are members of a family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills. The family is distributed across most of Africa and into the Middle East, tropic ...

-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colouration, ioras are sexually dimorphic, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens. *Common iora (''

Aegithina tiphia The common iora (''Aegithina tiphia'') is a small passerine bird found across the tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, with populations showing plumage variations, some of which are designated as subspecies. A species found in scrub a ...

'') - VC/RB - woodlands

Fantails

Order:

Family:

Rhipiduridae The family Rhipiduridae are small insectivorous birds of Australasia, Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent that includes the fantails and silktails. Taxonomy and systematics The family contains 55 species which are divided into four genera ...

The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders. *Malaysian pied-fantail (''

Rhipidura javanica The Malaysian pied fantail (''Rhipidura javanica'') is a species of bird in the fantail family. It is locally referred to as ''murai gila'', literally "crazy thrush" in the Malay language.Jeyarajasingam, Allen and Pearson, Alan (2012) ''A Field G ...

'') - C/RB - woodlands, mangroves

Drongos

Order:

Family: Dicruridae The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. *Black drongo ('' Dicrurus macrocercus'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Punggol, WWC (Poyan), Punggol, SBWR, Seletar, Tuas *Ashy drongo ('' Dicrurus leucophaeus'') - R/WV - Bidadari, BBNP, CCNR, CBP, MFP, NTU, P. Semakau, P. Ubin, SBG, TBHP, Ulu Pandan *Crow-billed drongo ('' Dicrurus annectens'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Fort Canning, Halus, LNR, MFP, NTL, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, St. John Is., Tuas *Hair-crested drongo ('' Dicrurus hottentottus'') - VR/V - CBP (2019) *Greater racket-tailed drongo (''

Dicrurus paradiseus The greater racket-tailed drongo (''Dicrurus paradiseus'') is a medium-sized Asian bird which is distinctive in having elongated outer tail feathers with webbing restricted to the tips. They are placed along with other drongos in the family Dic ...

'') - C/RB - forests

Monarch flycatchers

Order:

Family:

Monarchidae The monarchs or monarch flycatchers (family Monarchidae) comprise a family of over 100 passerine birds which includes shrikebills, paradise flycatchers, and Grallina, magpie-larks. Monarchids are small insectivore, insectivorous songbirds with l ...

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching. *Black-naped monarch ('' Hypothymis azurea'') - VR/R - CCNR, Clementi Woods, JLG, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBG *Black paradise-flycatcher ('' Terpsiphone atrocaudata'') - R/PM - BAMKP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Coney Is. DFNP, JLG, Kranji Marsh, LNR, PRP, P. Hantu, SBWR, TBHP, TEG, Tuas *Amur paradise-flycatcher ('' Terpsiphone incei'') - C/WVPM - forests, woodlands *Blyth's paradise-flycatcher ('' Terpsiphone affinis'') - C/WVPM - forests, woodlands *Indian paradise-flycatcher (''

Terpsiphone paradisi The Indian paradise flycatcher (''Terpsiphone paradisi'') is a medium-sized passerine bird native to Asia, where it is widely distributed. As the global population is considered stable, it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List sin ...

'') - VR/V - JLG (2022), SBWR (2017-8)

Shrikes

Order:

Family:

Laniidae Shrikes () are passerine birds of the family Laniidae. The family is composed of 34 species in two genera. The family name, and that of the larger genus, ''Lanius'', is derived from the Latin word for "butcher", and some shrikes are also known ...

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey. *Tiger shrike (''

Lanius tigrinus The tiger shrike or thick-billed shrike (''Lanius tigrinus'') is a small passerine bird which belongs to the genus ''Lanius'' in the shrike family, Laniidae. It is found in wooded habitats across eastern Asia. It is a shy, often solitary bird whi ...

'') - C/WVPM - woodlands *Brown shrike ('' Lanius cristatus'') - C/WVPM - grasslands, woodlands *Long-tailed shrike ('' Lanius schach'') - C/RB - grasslands

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order:

Family:

Corvidae Corvidae is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan Family (biology), family of Songbird, oscine passerine birds that contains the crows, ravens, Rook (bird), rooks, magpies, jackdaws, jays, treepies, choughs, and Nutcracker (bird), nutcrackers ...

The family Corvidae includes

raven A raven is any of several large-bodied passerine bird species in the genus '' Corvus''. These species do not form a single taxonomic group within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between crows and ravens; the two names are assigne ...

jay Jays are a paraphyletic grouping of passerine birds within the family Corvidae. Although the term "jay" carries no taxonomic weight, most or all of the birds referred to as jays share a few similarities: they are small to medium-sized, usually ...

chough A chough ( ) is any of two species of passerine birds that constitute the genus ''Pyrrhocorax'' of the Corvidae (crow) family. These are the red-billed chough (''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax'') and the Alpine chough (or yellow-billed chough) (''Pyr ...

magpie Magpies are birds of various species of the family Corvidae. Like other members of their family, they are widely considered to be intelligent creatures. The Eurasian magpie, for instance, is thought to rank among the world's most intelligent c ...

treepie The treepies (known also as crypsirinines from the subfamily's name, Crypsirininae) comprise four closely related genera (''Dendrocitta'', ''Crypsirina'', ''Temnurus'' and ''Platysmurus'') of long-tailed passerine birds in the family Corvidae. Th ...

nutcracker A nutcracker is a tool designed to open nuts by cracking their shells. There are many designs, including levers, screws, and ratchets. The lever version is also used for cracking lobster and crab shells. A decorative version, a nutcracker doll ...

s and

ground jay The ground jays or ground choughs belong to a distinct group of the passerine order of birds in the genus ''Podoces'' of the crow family Corvidae. They inhabit high altitude semi-desert areas from central Asia to Mongolia. Ground jays show adapt ...

s. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. *Black magpie ('' Platysmurus leucopterus'') - VR/NBV - HNP (2021) *House crow ('' Corvus splendens'') - VC/IRB - islandwide *Large-billed crow ('' Corvus macrorhynchos'') - U/RB - forested areas

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order:

Family:

Paridae The tits, chickadees, and titmice constitute the Paridae, a family of small passerine birds which occur mainly in the Northern Hemisphere and Africa. Many were formerly classified in the genus ''Parus''. Eurasian and African members of this f ...

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. *Japanese tit (''

Parus minor ''Parus'' is a genus of Old World birds in the tit family Paridae. It was formerly a large genus containing most of the 50 odd species in the family Paridae. The genus was split into several resurrected genera following the publication of a deta ...

'') - VR/V - Coney Is., JLG, LNR, PRP, Tuas

Larks

Order:

Family:

Alaudidae Larks are passerine birds of the family Alaudidae. Larks have a cosmopolitan distribution with the largest number of species occurring in Africa. Only a single species, the horned lark, occurs in North America, and only Horsfield's bush lark occ ...

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. *Eurasian skylark (''

Alauda arvensis The Eurasian skylark (''Alauda arvensis'') is a passerine bird in the lark family, Alaudidae. It is a widespread species found across Europe and the Palearctic with introduced populations in Australia, New Zealand and on the Hawaiian Islands. I ...

'') - VR/V - Pandan Reservoir (2018)

Cisticolas and allies

Order:

Family:

Cisticolidae The family Cisticolidae is a group of about 160 warblers, small passerine birds found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They were formerly included within the Old World warbler family Sylviidae. This family probably originated ...

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. *Common tailorbird ('' Orthotomus sutorius'') - C/RB - scrubby areas *Dark-necked tailorbird (''

Orthotomus atrogularis The dark-necked tailorbird (''Orthotomus atrogularis'') is a songbird species. Formerly placed in the "Old World warbler" assemblage, it is now placed in the family (biology), family Cisticolidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Northeast India and S ...

'') - C/RB - forests *Ashy tailorbird (''

Orthotomus ruficeps The ashy tailorbird (''Orthotomus ruficeps'') is a species of bird formerly placed in the "Old World warbler" assemblage, it but now placed in the family Cisticolidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapor ...

'') - C/RB - mangroves *Rufous-tailed tailorbird ('' Orthotomus sericeus'') - U/RB - forests *Yellow-bellied prinia ('' Prinia flaviventris'') - C/RB - grasslands *Zitting cisticola ('' Cisticola juncidis'') - C/RB - grasslands

Reed warblers and allies

Order:

Family:

Acrocephalidae The Acrocephalidae (the reed warblers, marsh- and tree-warblers, or acrocephalid warblers) are a family of oscine passerine birds, in the superfamily Sylvioidea. The species in this family are usually rather large "warblers". Most are rather pl ...

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa. *Booted warbler ('' Iduna caligata'') - VR/V - Kranji Marsh (2017-8) *Black-browed reed warbler ('' Acrocephalus bistrigiceps'') - U/WV - Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, Punggol, SFW, SBWR, Tuas, ''Marina South'' *Oriental reed warbler ('' Acrocephalus orientalis'') - C/WV - marshes, woodlands near water

Grassbirds and allies

Order:

Family:

Locustellidae Locustellidae is a recently recognised family of small insectivorous songbirds (" warblers"), formerly placed in the Old World warbler " wastebin" family. It contains the grasshopper warblers, grassbirds, and the '' Bradypterus'' " bush war ...

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over. *Pallas's grasshopper-warbler ('' Helopsaltes certhiola'') - U/WVPM - BAMKP, Changi, Halus, JLG, Marina East, NTL, Pasir Ris Farmway, SFW, Tuas *Lanceolated warbler ('' Locustella lanceolata'') - U/WVPM - Halus, KRP, Marina East, MFP, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, SFW, Tuas

Swallows

Order:

Family:

Hirundinidae The swallows, martins, and saw-wings, or Hirundinidae are a family of passerine songbirds found around the world on all continents, including occasionally in Antarctica. Highly adapted to aerial feeding, they have a distinctive appearance. The t ...

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. *Bank swallow ('' Riparia riparia'') - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSD, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol *Barn swallow ('' Hirundo rustica'') - VC/WVPM - islandwide (including offshore islands) *Pacific swallow ('' Hirundo tahitica'') - C/RB - islandwide (including offshore islands) *Red-rumped swallow ('' Cecropis daurica'') - U/WVPM - Admiralty Park, BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Changi, Halus, Henderson Waves, LSD, Marina East, WWC (Poyan), Punggol, TEG, Tuas *Siberian house-martin ('' Delichon lagopodum'') - VR/V - Marina East, NTL *Asian house-martin ('' Delichon dasypus'') - R/PM - BTNR, CCNR, Changi, NTL, Southern Ridges

Bulbuls

Order:

Family:

Pycnonotidae The bulbuls are members of a family (biology), family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized perching bird, passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills. The family is distributed across most of Africa and in ...

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests. *Black-and-white bulbul ('' Microtarsus melanoleucos'') - VR/NBV - CCNR (2012), P. Ubin (2022) *Black-headed bulbul ('' Brachypodius melanocephalos'') - R/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin, PRP *Black-crested bulbul ('' Rubigula flaviventris'') - R/IR - BTNR *Straw-headed bulbul ('' Pycnonotus zeylanicus'') - U/RB - BBC, BBNP, BTNR, Choa Chu Kang, CCNR, DFNP, HNP, NTL, WWC (Poyan), P. Ubin *Red-whiskered bulbul ('' Pycnonotus jocosus'') - C/IRB - Changi, Halus, JLG, Marina East, WWC (Poyan), P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Saddle Club, SBG, Sentosa, S. Serangoon *Sooty-headed bulbul (''

Pycnonotus aurigaster The sooty-headed bulbul (''Pycnonotus aurigaster'') is a species of songbird in the Bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in south-eastern Asia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Description A medium-sized ...

'') - U/IRB - BAMKP, Halus, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, PRP, Punggol, S. Serangoon, TEG *Stripe-throated bulbul (''

Pycnonotus finlaysoni The stripe-throated bulbul (''Pycnonotus finlaysoni''), or streak-throated bulbul, is a species of songbird in the bulbul family (biology), family of passerine birds. It is found in south-eastern Asia where its natural habitats are Tropical and s ...

'') - VR/NBV - P. Ubin (May 2023), USR (Apr 2022) *Yellow-vented bulbul (''

Pycnonotus goiavier The yellow-vented bulbul (''Pycnonotus goiavier''), or eastern yellow-vented bulbul, is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is a resident breeder in southeastern Asia from Indochina to the Philippines. It is found in a wide vari ...

'') - VC/RB - parks *Olive-winged bulbul ('' Pycnonotus plumosus'') - C/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Hantu, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR *Cream-vented bulbul ('' Pycnonotus simplex'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR *Red-eyed bulbul ('' Pycnonotus brunneus'') - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP *Buff-vented bulbul ('' Iole olivacea'') - VR/NBV - BTNR *Cinereous bulbul ('' Hemixos cinereus'') - R/NBV - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, JLG, KRP, Lazarus Is., NTL, P. Ubin, SBTB, SBWR, TBHP, Tuas, ''Marina South'' *Streaked bulbul ('' Ixos malaccensis'') - R/NBV - BBNP, BTNR, Central Catchment, Changi Village, KRP, SBWR, Tuas

Leaf warblers

Order:

Family:

Phylloscopidae Leaf warblers are small insectivorous passerine birds belonging to the genus ''Phylloscopus''. Leaf warblers were formerly included in the Old World warbler family but are now considered to belong to the family Phylloscopidae, introduced in 2006 ...

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into

Wallacea Wallacea is a biogeography, biogeographical designation for a group of mainly list of islands of Indonesia, Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australia (continent), Australian continental shelf, continental ...

and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours. *Yellow-browed warbler ('' Phylloscopus inornatus'') - R/WVPM - BBNP, BTNR, Bidadari, CBP, CCNR, DFNP, NTL, P. Hantu, SBTB, SBWR, Sentosa, Southern Ridges *Dusky warbler ('' Phylloscopus fuscatus'') - VR/PM - CBP, Marina East, SBWR, Tuas, Yishun Pond *Eastern crowned warbler ('' Phylloscopus coronatus'') - U/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, DFNP, PRP, SBWR, York Road *Two-barred warbler ('' Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus'') - VR/V - Kent Vale (2024) *Pale-legged leaf warbler ('' Phylloscopus tenellipes'') - VR/V - CCNR (2021-2) *Sakhalin leaf warbler ('' Phylloscopus borealoides'') - R/WV - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin, PRP, Rail Corridor, SBG, SBWR, WCP *Arctic warbler ('' Phylloscopus borealis'') - C/WVPM - parks, woodlands

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order:

Family:

Zosteropidae The white-eyes are a family, Zosteropidae, of small passerine birds native to tropical, subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Australasia. White-eyes inhabit most tropical islands in the Indian Ocean, the ...

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye. *Swinhoe's white-eye ('' Zosterops simplex'') - C/rIRB - woodlands

Tree-babblers, scimitar-babblers, and allies

Order:

Family: Timaliidae The babblers, or timaliids, are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage. *Pin-striped tit-babbler ('' Mixornis gularis'') - C/RB - forested areas *Chestnut-winged babbler ('' Cyanoderma erythropterum'') - U/RB - CCNR

Ground babblers and allies

Order:

Family:

Pellorneidae The ground babblers are a family, Pellorneidae, of mostly Old World passerine birds belonging to the superfamily Sylvioidea. They are quite diverse in size and coloration, and usually characterised by soft, fluffy plumage and a tail on average t ...

These small to medium-sized songbirds have soft fluffy plumage but are otherwise rather diverse. Members of the genus ''Illadopsis'' are found in forests, but some other genera are birds of scrublands. *Moustached babbler ('' Malacopteron magnirostre'') - Ex/RB - ''CCNR'' *Short-tailed babbler ('' Pellorneum malaccense'') - C/RB - CCNR *White-chested babbler ('' Pellorneum rostratum'') - Ex/RB, VR/NBV - P. Ubin, Pasir Ris Farmway, ''CCNR, P. Tekong, SBWR, Turut Track'' *Abbott's babbler ('' Malacocincla abbotti'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, JEG, NTL, P. Ubin, Sentosa, SBG, SBWR, WCPR

Laughingthrushes and allies

Order:

Family:

Leiothrichidae The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. The family contains 133 species and is divided into 16 genera. The species are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest v ...

The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus ''Turdoides'' tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia. *White-crested laughingthrush (''

Garrulax leucolophus The white-crested laughingthrush (''Garrulax leucolophus'') is a member of the family Leiothrichidae.Garrulax canorus'') - R/IRB - Bt. Gombak, Sentosa, ''KRP, MFP''

Nuthatches

Order:

Family:

Sittidae The nuthatches () constitute a genus, ''Sitta'', of small passerine birds belonging to the family Sittidae. Characterised by large heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet, nuthatches advertise their territory using loud, simple songs. Mo ...

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. *Velvet-fronted nuthatch ('' Sitta frontalis'') - VR/NBV - BTNR

Starlings

Order:

Family: Sturnidae Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. *Asian glossy starling ('' Aplonis panayensis'') - VC/RB - islandwide *Common hill myna ('' Gracula religiosa'') - C/RB - BTNR, CCNR, SBG, *European starling (''

Sturnus vulgaris The common starling (''Sturnus vulgaris''), also known simply as the starling in Great Britain and Ireland, and as European starling in North America, is a medium-sized passerine bird in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is about long and ha ...

'') - VR/V - Marina East Dr (2021) *Rosy starling ('' Pastor roseus'') - R/WV - Changi, GBTB, Halus, KRP, Marina East, St. John Island, Tuas, WCP *Daurian starling ('' Agropsar sturninus'') - VC/WVPM - woodlands *Chestnut-cheeked starling ('' Agropsar philippensis'') - VR/V - Bidadari, Dover, Loyang, Henderson Waves, JLG, Turf City, Ulu Pandan *Siamese pied starling ('' Gracupica floweri'') - R/I - NTL, S. Tengah, ''Changi'' *White-shouldered starling (''

Sturnia sinensis The white-shouldered starling (''Sturnia sinensis'') is a species of bird in the starling family Sturnidae. It breeds in southern China and northern Vietnam; it winters in Southeast Asia. Taxonomy The white-shouldered starling was formally desc ...

'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Coney Is., Halus, JLG, KRP, Punggol, Seletar, Simei, TEG, Tuas *Brahminy starling ('' Sturnia pagodarum'') - VR/V - Bidadari, JLG, Marina East, P. Punggol *Red-billed starling ('' Spodiopsar sericeus'') - VR/PM - Dempsey Hill (2022-3), SBTB (2013), SBWR (2023), TEG (2015), Turut Track (2021) *White-cheeked starling ('' Spodiopsar cineraceus'') - VR/V - Seletar End (2020) *Common myna (''

Acridotheres tristis The common myna or Indian myna (''Acridotheres tristis''), sometimes spelled mynah, is a bird in the family Sturnidae, native to Asia. An omnivorous open woodland bird with a strong territorial instinct, the common myna has adapted extremely we ...

'') - C/RB - islandwide (including offshore islands) *Black-winged starling ('' Acridotheres melanopterus'') - Ex/IRB *Javan myna ('' Acridotheres javanicus'') - VC/IRB - islandwide (including offshore islands) *Crested myna ('' Acridotheres cristatellus'') - Ex/IR

Thrushes and allies

Order:

Family:

Turdidae The thrushes are a passerine bird family, Turdidae, with a worldwide distribution. The family was once much larger before biologists reclassified the former subfamily Saxicolinae, which includes the chats and European robins, as Old World flyca ...

The

thrushes The thrushes are a passerine bird family, Turdidae, with a worldwide distribution. The family was once much larger before biologists reclassified the former subfamily Saxicolinae, which includes the chats and European robins, as Old World flycat ...

are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. *Siberian thrush (''

Geokichla sibirica The Siberian thrush (''Geokichla sibirica'') is a member of the Thrush (bird), thrush family, Turdidae. The genus name ''Geokichla'' comes from Ancient Greek ''geo-'', "ground-" and ''kikhle'', " thrush". The specific ''sibirica'' is Latin for ...

'') - R/PM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, KRP, JLG, Sentosa, Tuas *Orange-headed thrush ('' Geokichla citrina'') - R/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Coney Is., DFNP, HNP, SBG, WCP *Chinese blackbird ('' Turdus mandarinus'') - VR/V - JLG (2020) *Eyebrowed thrush ('' Turdus obscurus'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, KRP, NTL, P. Ubin, SBG, TBHP, Tuas *White’s thrush ('' Zoothera aurea'') - VR/V - SBG (2023)

Old World flycatchers

Order:

Family:

Muscicapidae The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (''Luscinia svecica'') and north ...

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. *Grey-streaked flycatcher ('' Muscicapa griseisticta'') - VR/PM - Sembawang (2021) *Dark-sided flycatcher ('' Muscicapa sibirica'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, NTL, SBG, Southern Ridges *Ferruginous flycatcher ('' Muscicapa ferruginea'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, JLG, SBG *Asian brown flycatcher ('' Muscicapa dauurica'') - C/WVPM - woodlands *Brown-breasted flycatcher ('' Muscicapa muttui'') - VR/V - Dairy Farm (2022) *Brown-streaked flycatcher ('' Muscicapa williamsoni'') - R/WVPM - BBNP, Bidadari, CCKP, CCNR, JLG, MFP, PRP, SBWR *Spotted flycatcher ('' Muscicapa striata'') - VR/V - KRP (2021) *Oriental magpie-robin (''

Copsychus saularis The Oriental magpie-robin (''Copsychus saularis'') is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the Thrush (bird), thrush family Turdidae, but now considered an Old World flycatcher. They are distinctive black and white bir ...

'') - U/RB - woodlands *White-rumped shama ('' Copsychus malabaricus'') - R/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, MFP, WWC (Poyan), P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR *Chinese blue flycatcher ('' Cyornis glaucicomans'') - VR/PM - Bidadari (2013), CCNR (2020), JLG (2020), SBWR (1997) *Mangrove blue flycatcher (''

Cyornis rufigastra The mangrove blue flycatcher (''Cyornis rufigastra'') is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is native to Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropica ...

'') - VR/RB - Bidadari (2015), P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR *Brown-chested jungle-flycatcher ('' Cyornis brunneatus'') - R/WVPM - BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCKP, CCNR, DFNP, Jurong Is., JLG, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, St John Is., TEG, Tuas *Blue-and-white flycatcher ('' Cyanoptila cyanomelana'') - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Sentosa *Zappey's flycatcher ('' Cyanoptila cumatilis'') - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, JLG, KRP, SBG, TEG, Tuas *Verditer flycatcher ('' Eumyias thalassinus'') - VR/NBV - DFNP (2017) *Siberian blue robin ('' Luscinia cyane'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR *Yellow-rumped flycatcher ('' Ficedula zanthopygia'') - C/PM - woodlands, forests *Green-backed flycatcher ('' Ficedula elisae'') - R/WVPM - BAMKP, Bidadari, CCNR, KRP, NTL, Tuas, ''Khatib Bongsu'', ''Marina South'' *Narcissus flycatcher ('' Ficedula narcissina'') - VR/PM - Bidadari (2015), DFNP (2017) *Mugimaki flycatcher ('' Ficedula mugimaki'') - U/PM - AMKTGW, Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, JLG, KRP, MFP, PRP, Sentosa, Tuas *Taiga flycatcher ('' Ficedula albicilla'') - VR/V - SBG (2019–20), WCP (2020) *Black redstart (''

Phoenicurus ochruros The black redstart (''Phoenicurus ochruros'') is a small passerine bird in the genus ''Phoenicurus''. Like its relatives, it was formerly classed as a member of the Thrush (bird), thrush family (Turdidae), but is now known to be an Old World flyc ...

'') - VR/V - Jambol Walk (2021) *Daurian redstart ('' Phoenicurus auroreus'') - R/V - SBTB (2013), Cashew Road (2014), SBG (2019), NUS (2020) *White-throated rock-thrush ('' Monticola gularis'') - VR/WVPM - BTNR *Blue rock-thrush (''

Monticola solitarius The blue rock thrush (''Monticola solitarius'') is a species of chat. This thrush-like Old World flycatcher was formerly placed in the family Turdidae. It breeds in southern Europe, northwest Africa, and from Central Asia to northern China and Ma ...

'') - R/PM - Ascentia Sky, BTNR, Labrador Villa Road, Marina Barrage, Pinnacle@Duxton, Sentosa, Tuas *Siberian stonechat (''

Saxicola maurus The Siberian stonechat or Asian stonechat (''Saxicola maurus'') is a recently validated species of the Old World flycatcher family (Muscicapidae). Like the other thrush-like flycatchers, it was often placed in the Turdidae in the past. It breeds ...

'') - R/WVPM - Changi, Halus, NTL, WWC (Poyan), P. Punggol, Tuas, Warren, ''Marina South'', ''Punggol''

Flowerpeckers

Order:

Family:

Dicaeidae The flowerpeckers are a family (biology), family, Dicaeidae, of passerine birds. The family comprises three genera, ''Dicaeum'', ''Prionochilus'' and ''Pachyglossa'', with 56 species in total. The family has sometimes been included in an enlarge ...

The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues. *Scarlet-breasted flowerpecker ('' Prionochilus thoracicus'') - VR/NBV - BTNR (2021), P. Ubin (2015, 2022) *Thick-billed flowerpecker (''

Dicaeum agile The thick-billed flowerpecker (''Pachyglossa agilis'') is a tiny bird in the flowerpecker group. They feed predominantly on fruits and are active birds that are mainly seen in the tops of trees in forests. It is a resident bird with a wide distri ...

'') - VR/NBV - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP *Yellow-vented flowerpecker ('' Dicaeum chrysorrheum'') - VR/R - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP *Orange-bellied flowerpecker ('' Dicaeum trigonostigma'') - C/RB - forests *Scarlet-backed flowerpecker ('' Dicaeum cruentatum'') - C/RB - parks

Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order:

Family:

Nectariniidae Sunbirds and spiderhunters make up the family Nectariniidae of passerine birds. They are small, slender passerines from the Old World, usually with downward-curved bills. Many are brightly coloured, often with iridescent feathers, particularly i ...

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed. *Ruby-cheeked sunbird ('' Chalcoparia singalensis'') - VR/R - CCNR, P. Ubin, SBWR *Plain sunbird ('' Anthreptes simplex'') - VR/R - ''CCNR, Senoko'' *Brown-throated sunbird (''

Anthreptes malacensis The brown-throated sunbird (''Anthreptes malacensis''), also known as the plain-throated sunbird, is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is found in a wide range of semi-open habitats in south-east Asia, ranging from Myanmar to the ...

'') - C/RB - parks *Van Hasselt's sunbird ('' Leptocoma brasiliana'') - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin *Copper-throated sunbird ('' Leptocoma calcostetha'') - U/RB - BBNP, P. Ubin, SBWR *Ornate sunbird (''

Cinnyris jugularis The garden sunbird (''Cinnyris jugularis''), previously known as the olive-backed sunbird, is a species of passerine bird in the family Nectariniidae that is found in the Philippines except on the Palawan (island), Palawan island group. It was f ...

'') - VC/RB - parks *Crimson sunbird ('' Aethopyga siparaja'') - C/RB - parks, forests *Thick-billed spiderhunter ('' Arachnothera crassirostris'') - ''Ex/R'' + VR/R - ''BTNR, CCNR'' *Little spiderhunter ('' Arachnothera longirostra'') - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Mandai, P. Ubin *Yellow-eared spiderhunter ('' Arachnothera chrysogenys'') - ''Ex/R'' + VR/V - ''BTNR, CCNR, P. Tekong, P. Ubin''

Fairy-bluebirds

Order:

Family:

Irenidae The three fairy-bluebirds are small passerine bird species found in forests and plantations in tropical southern Asia and the Philippines. They are the sole members of the genus ''Irena'' and family Irenidae, and are related to the ioras and le ...

The fairy-bluebirds are

-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub. The males are dark-blue and the females a duller green. *Asian fairy-bluebird (''

Irena puella The Asian fairy-bluebird (''Irena puella'') is a medium-sized, arboreal passerine bird. This fairy-bluebird is found in forests across tropical southern Asia, Indochina and the Greater Sundas. Two or three eggs are laid in a small cup nest in a t ...

'') - U/RB - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP

Leafbirds

Order:

Family: Chloropseidae The leafbirds are small,

-like birds. The males are brightly plumaged, usually in greens and yellows. *Greater green leafbird ('' Chloropsis sonnerati'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP *Lesser green leafbird ('' Chloropsis cyanopogon'') - R/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin *Blue-winged leafbird ('' Chloropsis cochinchinensis'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP

Weavers and allies

Order:

Family:

Ploceidae Ploceidae is a family of small passerine birds, many of which are called weavers, weaverbirds, weaver finches, or bishops. These names come from the nests of intricately woven vegetation created by birds in this family. In most recent classificat ...

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the

finch The true finches are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Fringillidae. Finches generally have stout conical bills adapted for eating seeds and nuts and often have colourful plumage. They occupy a great range of habitats where the ...

es. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season. *Golden-backed weaver ('' Ploceus jacksoni'') - U/IRB - Coney Is., Halus, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol *Streaked weaver (''

Ploceus manyar The streaked weaver (''Ploceus manyar'') is a species of weaver bird found in South Asia and South-east Asia in the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailan ...

'') - R/IRB - Halus, SBWR, ''Khatib Bongsu'', ''Sg. Serangoon'' *Baya weaver (''

Ploceus philippinus The baya weaver (''Ploceus philippinus'') is a weaverbird found across the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Flocks of these birds are found in grasslands, cultivated areas, scrub and secondary growth and they are best known for their hang ...

'') - U/RB - grasslands

Waxbills and allies

Order:

Family:

Estrildidae Estrildidae, or estrildid finches, is a family of small seed-eating passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They comprise species commonly known as munias, mannikins, firefinches, parrotfinches and waxbills. They are gregarious ...

The

estrildid finch Estrildidae, or estrildid finches, is a family (taxonomy), family of small seed-eating passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They comprise species commonly known as munias, mannikins, firefinches, parrotfinches and waxbills. ...

es are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and

Australasia Australasia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising Australia, New Zealand (overlapping with Polynesia), and sometimes including New Guinea and surrounding islands (overlapping with Melanesia). The term is used in a number of different context ...

. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns. *Orange-cheeked waxbill ('' Estrilda melpoda'') - U/IRB - BAMKP, Coney Is., JLG, NTL, P. Punggol, S. Pandan, SBTB *Common waxbill (''

Estrilda astrild The common waxbill (''Estrilda astrild''), also known as the St Helena waxbill, is a small passerine bird belonging to the estrildid finch family. It is native to sub-Saharan Africa but has been introduced to many other regions of the world and n ...

'') - U/IRB - Coney Is., Halus, JLG, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, SBWR *Red avadavat (''

Amandava amandava The red avadavat (''Amandava amandava''), red munia or strawberry finch, is a sparrow-sized bird of the family Estrildidae. It is found in the open fields and grasslands of tropical Asia and is popular as a cage bird due to the colourful plumag ...

'') - R/IRB - BAMKP, Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Punggol, Tuas, ''Marina South, Punggol'' *White-rumped munia ('' Lonchura striata'') - R/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Halus, NTL, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, Tuas, Telok Blangah *Javan munia ('' Lonchura leucogastroides'') - U/IRB - Bidadari, Halus, Hort Park, Marina East, WWC (Murai), SBTB, Serangoon Reservoir, SBWR, BAMKP *Scaly-breasted munia (''

Lonchura punctulata The scaly-breasted munia or spotted munia (''Lonchura punctulata''), known in the pet trade as nutmeg mannikin or spice finch, is a sparrow-sized estrildid finch native to tropical Asia. A species of the genus ''Lonchura'', it was formally des ...

'') - C/RB - grasslands *Chestnut munia (''

Lonchura atricapilla The chestnut munia or black-headed munia (''Lonchura atricapilla'') is a small passerine. It was formerly considered conspecific with the closely related tricoloured munia, but is now widely recognized as a separate species. This estrildid finch ...

'') - U/RB - grasslands *White-capped munia ('' Lonchura ferruginosa'') - Ex/IR - grasslands *White-headed munia ('' Lonchura maja'') - U/RB - grasslands

Indigobirds

Order:

Family:

Viduidae The indigobirds, whydahs and cuckoo-finch make up the family Viduidae; they are small passerine birds native to Africa. These are Finch, finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. The birds named "whyda ...

The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are

s which lay their eggs in the nests of

es. *Pin-tailed whydah ('' Vidua macroura'') - R/I - Changi, Pasir Ris Farmway, P. Punggol, Tuas

Old World sparrows

Order:

Family:

Passeridae Old World sparrows are a group of small passerine birds forming the family Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, a name also used for a particular genus of the family, '' Passer''. They are distinct from both the New World sparrows, ...

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. *House sparrow (''

Passer domesticus The house sparrow (''Passer domesticus'') is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in most parts of the world. It is a small bird that has a typical length of and a mass of . Females and young birds are coloured pale brown and grey, ...

'') - VR/IRB - Jurong Is. *Eurasian tree sparrow (''

Passer montanus The Eurasian tree sparrow (''Passer montanus'') is a passerine bird in the sparrow family with a rich chestnut crown and nape and a black patch on each pure white cheek. The sexes are similarly plumaged, and young birds are a duller version o ...

'') - VC/RB - urban areas

Wagtails and pipits

Order:

Family:

Motacillidae The wagtails, longclaws, and pipits are a family (biology), family, Motacillidae, of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. Around 70 species occur in five genus, genera. The longclaws are entirely restricted to the Afrotropics, and the ...

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. *Forest wagtail (''

Dendronanthus indicus The forest wagtail (''Dendronanthus indicus'') is a medium-sized passerine bird in the wagtail family Motacillidae. It has a distinctive plumage that sets it apart from other wagtails and has the habit of wagging its tail sideways unlike the usua ...

'') - U/WVPM - Admiralty Park, BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Central Park, Mandai, P. Ubin, Sembawang, Simpang, Tengah, SBWR, Yishun *Grey wagtail ('' Motacilla cinerea'') - U/WVPM - Admiralty Park, BAMKP, Bedok, Bt Batok, BTNR, Buona Vista, CCNR, Changi, JLG, Marsiling Park, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Sembawang, Simpang, Tengah, Yishun *Eastern yellow wagtail ('' Motacilla tschutschensis'') - C/WV - Bidadari, Changi, Halus, LSD, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Punggol, Sembawang, Yishun *Citrine wagtail ('' Motacilla citreola'') - VR/WV - NTL (2018, 2024), Punggol (1989), Tuas (1994) *White wagtail ('' Motacilla alba'') - U/WV - BAMKP, BBC, Buona Vista, Changi, Jurong West, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, SBG, TEG, Yishun *Paddyfield pipit ('' Anthus rufulus'') - C/RB - grass fields *Tree pipit ('' Anthus trivialis'') - VR/V - Ulu Pandan (2021) *Olive-backed pipit ('' Anthus hodgsoni'') - VR/PM - Bidadari (2010) *Red-throated pipit (''

Anthus cervinus The red-throated pipit (''Anthus cervinus'') is a small passerine bird, which breeds in the far north of Europe and the Palearctic, with a foothold in northern Alaska. It is a long-distance migrant, wintering to Africa and South-East Asia and we ...

'') - R/WV - Changi, NTL, P. Punggol, Pasir Ris Farmway, Seletar East, Sembawang, Tuas

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order:

Family:

Fringillidae The true finches are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Fringillidae. Finches generally have stout conical bills adapted for eating seeds and nuts and often have colourful plumage. They occupy a great range of habitats where the ...

This is a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with generally stout conical bills. *Yellow-fronted canary ('' Crithagra mozambica'') - U/IR - BAMKP, Changi, JLG, Kusu Is., Lazarus Is., Marina East, Mt. Faber, St. John Is.

Old World buntings

Order:

Family:

Emberizidae The buntings are a group of Old World passerine birds forming the genus ''Emberiza'', the only genus in the family Emberizidae. The family contains 44 species. They are seed-eating birds with stubby, conical bills. Taxonomy The family Emberizid ...

They are seed-eating birds with stubby conical bills. There is only one genus in this family. *Yellow-breasted bunting ('' Emberiza aureola'') - VR/WV - ''Marina East''

References

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Birds Of Singapore

Birds Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...