In 2021

biomass Biomass is a term used in several contexts: in the context of ecology it means living organisms, and in the context of bioenergy it means matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms. In the latter context, there are variations in how ...

such as woodchips provided 9 percent of Ukraine’s heat production, for example for heating public buildings.

Biogas

There is a high

biogas Biogas is a gaseous renewable energy source produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste, Wastewater treatment, wastewater, and food waste. Biogas is produced by anaerobic ...

potential in

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. In Ukraine, there are few examples of biogas technologies implementation. The first one among active full-scale biogas plants on animal waste, was built in 1993 on a pig farm "Zaporizhstal". After that, biogas plants of companies "Agro-Oven", "Elite", "Ukrainian Milk Company" have been launched. As of 2012 on the basis of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine there operated four biogas plants. Ukraine's agricultural sector producing large amounts of organic waste, potentially has the resources for biogas generation, which is able to replace the 2.6 billion m3 of NG per year. With the further development of agriculture and the wide use of green material (

silage Silage is fodder made from green foliage crops which have been preserved by fermentation (food), fermentation to the point of souring. It is fed to cattle, sheep and other ruminants. The fermentation and storage process is called ''ensilage'', ' ...

, grass), this potential can be extended according to various estimates from 7.711 to 1812 billion m3 NG per year. In the first case it is supposed to use 6% of

arable land Arable land (from the , "able to be ploughed") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.''Oxford English Dictionary'', "arable, ''adj''. and ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2013. Alternatively, for the purposes of a ...

(50% abandoned land) in Ukraine for growing corn silage for biogas with a conservative yield of 30 t/ha. The share of biogas from maize silage will contribute 53.0% of the total potential; biogas from the by-products and crop residues - 5.7%; biogas from by-products and waste of the food processing industry - 5.3%; and biogas from the animal manure waste - 36%. The second option with a higher forecast involves the use of 7.9 million hectares of land available for growing maize for biogas considering increased productivity. Potential for biogas production at existing agriculture enterprises of Ukraine and with the cultivation maize silage for biogas production at 50% of free arable land (with a yield of 40 tons green mass per 1 ha and biogas output 180 m3/t). Biogas power in Ukraine is growing. As of the end of 2014, there were 10 biogas installations in the country with a total capacity of 15 MW, and by the end of the second quarter of 2018 - 29 plants with a capacity of 41 MW. As of beginning of 2019 51 MW power is in operation.

Biodiesel

In 2014, in the village of ,

Sambir Raion Sambir Raion () is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its capital (political), administrative center is Sambir. Population: It was established in 1965. On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the numb ...

was launched the first in country facility for production of

biodiesel Biodiesel is a renewable biofuel, a form of diesel fuel, derived from biological sources like vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled greases, and consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters. It is typically made from fats. The roots of bi ...

with capacity of 25 tons of fuel per day from

rapeseed Rapeseed (''Brassica napus'' subsp. ''napus''), also known as rape and oilseed rape and canola, is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed, which naturall ...

Bioethanol

In Ukraine, the production of

bioethanol Ethanol fuel is fuel containing ethyl alcohol, the same type of alcohol as found in alcoholic beverages. It is most often used as a motor fuel, mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline. Several common ethanol fuel mixtures are in use a ...

is based on

molasses Molasses () is a viscous byproduct, principally obtained from the refining of sugarcane or sugar beet juice into sugar. Molasses varies in the amount of sugar, the method of extraction, and the age of the plant. Sugarcane molasses is usuall ...

as a byproduct of

sugar beet A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and that is grown commercially for sugar production. In plant breeding, it is known as the Altissima cultivar group of the common beet (''Beta vulgaris''). Together with ...

production. It replaces about 0.7% of hydrocarbon

gasoline Gasoline ( North American English) or petrol ( Commonwealth English) is a petrochemical product characterized as a transparent, yellowish, and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. When for ...

, which corresponds approximately to 0.4% in energy terms. Agreement on the Association of Ukraine with the EU signed in 2014 envisages an increase in the share of bioethanol to 5.75%. Expected amount of bioethanol production up to 320 thousand tons. Also, the development of bioethanol production on the basis of

corn Maize (; ''Zea mays''), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout Poaceae, grass that produces cereal grain. It was domesticated by indigenous peoples of Mexico, indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago ...

began.

Biomass

On January 24, 2018, at a meeting of the Bureau of the Presidium of the , the issues of scientific support for the energy autonomy of agro-industrial production were considered. On the territory of the Forestry Gorenivka OTG of the

Khmelnytskyi Oblast Khmelnytskyi Oblast (), also known as Khmelnychchyna (), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in western Ukraine covering portions of the historical regions of western Podolia and southern Volhynia. The Capital (political) ...

, a straw plant will be built and will generate 130 MW of thermal power (46.4 MW of electric power). As fuel in the future power plant, straw of different types will be used in Heston bundles - about 270 thousand tons per year. The main equipment of the power plant and technology will be supplied by Danish company Burmeister & Wain Scandinavian Contractor, BWSC. The project of the station was published by Khmelnitskyi Biofuel Power Plant LLC, which owns a land plot of 16 hectares. The area of the building will be 5 hectares. In February 2019, Kernel announced it will build four biomass power plants for $56 million. Power stations in biomass will appear at the company's facilities in the Kharkiv, Mykolaiv, Odesa and Poltava regions. The company received a $48 million loan from the EBRD and a $8 million loan from the Clean Technology Fund. Together, these plants will produce 338.5 thousand MW of electricity per year with about 228 thousand tons of husk of sunflower. On the territory of the Forestry Gorenivka OTG of the

References

Sources

Fostering Investment in the Biomass Sector in Ukraine
{{World topic, Bioenergy in, title=Bioenergy by country, noredlinks=yes Energy in Ukraine Biofuel in Ukraine