Binnenhof

The Binnenhof (; ) is a complex of buildings in the city centre of The Hague, Netherlands, next to the Hofvijver (Court Pond). It houses the meeting place of both houses of the States General of the Netherlands, as well as the Ministry of General Affairs and the office of the Prime Minister of the Netherlands. Built primarily in the 13th century, the Gothic castle originally functioned as residence of the counts of Holland and became the political centre of the Dutch Republic in 1584. Together with the Buitenhof it is ranked among the Top 100 Dutch heritage sites. The Binnenhof is among the oldest parliament buildings in the world still in use.

History

Comital period

Counts of Holland

Little is known about the origin of the Binnenhof. Count of Holland Floris IV purchased the grounds of the Binnenhof in 1229 from and built a hunting lodge. Despite Floris IV's purchase, his successor William II is often credited with the foundation of the Binnenhof, after he became King of the Romans in 1248. Presumably, he started the building of the Ridderzaal, a great hall where the Count could receive guests. The Ridderzaal was finished under the reign of Floris V, during which the buildings were also walled in, including a gate, and the was built. The Binnenhof was separated in a public part, which included the Ridderzaal, and a private area for residence and private meetings (now part of the Rolgebouw).

Counts of Hainaut

After the house of Holland died out in 1299, the county fell into the hands of the counts of Hainaut (). The counts of Hainaut barely resided in the Binnenhof in the early 14th century and the only addition was the De Lairesse building (which included the De Lairessezaal).

Dukes of Bavaria

The Binnenhof came to life again and was expanded when it came into the hands of the dukes of Bavaria. Albert I () was the first to more or less permanently use the Binnenhof as primary residence. He also incentivised the town of The Hague to grow near the Binnenhof. After Albert I's reign, the ongoing Hook and Cod wars caused his successors William II and Jacqueline to stay less and less in the limited defensible Binnenhof, leading to a decay in importance and building activity.

Duchy of Burgundy

The Treaty of Delft in 1428 brought peace to Holland, but also incorporated the county into the Duchy of Burgundy. The Duke of Burgundy visited the Binnenhof infrequently. As a result, following Jacqueline's death, the private area of the Binnenhof remained unoccupied. In the public area, the Duke's representative in Holland, the stadtholder of Holland, utilized the offices. A new quarter was constructed on the far west side of the Binnenhof for the stadtholders and their families. The Duke or stadtholder also met with the States of Holland and West Friesland in the council chamber of the . Beginning in the mid-15th century, the and were also housed at the Binnenhof.

Dutch Republic

After Philip II was deposed as Count of Holland and the Dutch Republic was proclaimed in 1581, the Ridderzaal was initially a public space, often used by traders, stallholders and book sellers. In 1584, stadtholder Maurice moved into the stadtholder's quarter, and in the same year, the Ridderzaal became the meeting place of the newly formed States General of the Dutch Republic. The expansions of the Binnenhof by Maurice were the beginning of a gradually advancing reconstruction of the castle that ended after the construction of the southern wing under stadtholder William V, in the late 18th century.

The Netherlands

Between 1806 and 1810, under French rule, the administrative centre of the Netherlands was moved to Amsterdam, and the Binnenhof became useless and it was considered for demolition. When the Netherlands gained independence from France, however, the government moved back to the Binnenhof. The existence of the building was in danger a second time in 1848, when a new constitution instituted a system of parliamentary democracy and the States General wished to symbolically demolish the old government buildings and build a new complex. The local residents, however, cared more for the historic value of the building, and successfully protested against demolition.

Renovation

From fall 2021 (after Prinsjesdag), the Binnenhof has been undergoing a full renovation.

Layout

Originally built as a ballroom, the Gothic Ridderzaal (a great hall, literally 'Knight's Hall') today forms the centre of the Binnenhof. Every third Tuesday of September, on Prinsjesdag, this is where the King holds his annual Speech from the Throne. Other buildings shape a rectangle around the Ridderzaal, creating a large courtyard in front of the building, and a smaller square behind it. A gilt Neo-Gothic fountain adorns the courtyard and a statue of King William II, one of few Dutch equestrian statues, guards its gate, the Stadtholder's Gate, which dates from 1620.

Looking out over the Hofvijver, the Senate sits in a chamber in the western corner of the Binnenhof, while the House of Representatives originally sat in the southern corner, at the other side of the Stadtholder's Gate. Today, the lower house meets in a chamber in the large modern eastern part of the complex. The Prime Minister's office has since 1982 been located in the small tower in the northern corner, simply called the Torentje ('Little Tower'). Located in the north-western wing, the Trêveszaal is a meeting room originally built for negotiations during the Eighty Years' War; today, it is the meeting room of the cabinet.

Gallery

File:Bevel Koninklijke Marechaussee in handen van Leijtens-9.jpg, The Ridderzaal in 2019
File:Trêveszaal.jpg, The Historic meeting room
File:Handelingenkamer 2023 02.jpg, The , the Library of the Binnenhof
File:Algemene Politieke Beschouwingen in Eerste Kamer (10553669036).jpg, The Senate (Netherlands) Plenary Hall of the Senate
File:Mark Rutte Torentje 2012-2.jpg, The office of the Prime Minister of the Netherlands
File:WLM - roel1943 - Ridderzaal.jpg, Throne of the monarch of the Netherlands in the Ridderzaal
File:INTERIEUR, OVERZICHT - 's-Gravenhage - 20282715 - RCE.jpg, Stadhouderskamer (Stadholder's room)
File:Centrale hal Eerste Kamer.jpg, the central hall of the Senate (Netherlands)
File:Den Haag - Plein 2a.JPG, The Department of Justice houses the offices of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)

Sources

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References

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Binnenhof